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Metacritic

Metacritic
Type of site
Review aggregator
OwnerFandom, Inc.[1]
URLwww.metacritic.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationFree/subscription
LaunchedJanuary 2001; 23 years ago (2001-01)
Current statusActive
OCLC number911795326

Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, music albums, video games, and formerly books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts in 1999, and is owned by Fandom, Inc. as of 2023.

Metacritic's scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, or what the site decides subjectively from a qualitative review. Before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to a critic's popularity, stature, and volume of reviews. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source where a color of green, yellow, or red summarizes the critics' reviews.

Metacritic won two Webby Awards for excellence as an aggregation website. It is regarded as the foremost online review aggregation site for the video game industry.[2][3] Criticism of the site has focused on the assessment system, the assignment of scores to reviews that do not include ratings, third-party attempts to influence the scores, and the reported lack of staff oversight for user reviews.

History

Original Metacritic logo

Metacritic was launched in January 2001 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, and his University of Southern California law classmate Jason Dietz, after two years of developing the site.[4] Rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media.

Metacritic was sold to CNET in 2005.[5] CNET and Metacritic were later acquired by the CBS Corporation.[6] In 2020, Metacritic and other CNET titles were bought by Red Ventures.[7] In 2022, Red Ventures sold Metacritic and other entertainment websites to Fandom, Inc.[1][8]

Influence

Metacritic has been used by businesses to predict future sales. In 2007, Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote that Metacritic "influence[s] the sales of games and the stocks of video game publishers". He explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores "can hurt the long-term sales potential". Wingfield wrote that Wall Street pays attention to Metacritic and GameRankings because the sites typically post scores before sales data are publicly available, citing the respective rapid rise and fall in company values after BioShock and Spider-Man 3 were released.[5] In an interview with The Guardian, Marc Doyle cited two major publishers that "conducted comprehensive statistical surveys through which they've been able to draw a correlation between high metascores and stronger sales" in certain genres. He claimed that an increasing number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as "an early indicator of a game's potential sales and, by extension, the publisher's stock price".[9] However, a 2015 study analyzing over 88 Xbox 360 and 80 PS3 games from 2012 found that Metacritic scores did not impact actual sales.[10]

Controversially, the website has been used by game publishers as a means of determining whether a game's developer receives additional royalties. One notable example is the 2010 game Fallout: New Vegas, which received an average Metascore of 84, one short of the 85 points required by Bethesda Softworks, the game's publisher. As a result, its developer, Obsidian Entertainment, received no additional bonus. Columnists took issue with the company's use of Metacritic, with one suggesting that this makes game critics ultimately accountable for deciding the developer's profits and another pointing out that a Metascore of 84 is not significantly lower than 85. The latter also pointed out the impressive sales of five million sold units and US$300 million in revenue, and also noted a series of Obsidian's layoffs in 2011 and 2012.[11][12]

The website has also been used by columnists and commentators as a general reference for critical reception,[13] and by publishers as a tool of improving their products. Along with other executives, in 2008, John Riccitiello, then CEO of Electronic Arts, showed Wall Street analysts a chart illustrating a downward trend in the average critical ratings of the company's games. He took the ratings seriously and stressed the need for the company to bounce back.[14] Also in 2008, Microsoft used Metacritic averages to delist underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games.[15][16]

Metascores

Scores are weighted averages. Certain publications are given more significance "because of their stature".[5] Metacritic has said that it will not reveal the relative weight assigned to each reviewer.[17]

Games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed in 2008 by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to "get a look behind the metascoring process". Stuart wrote: "The Metascore phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years".[9] Doyle said that because video games lead to a greater investment of time and money, gamers are more informed about reviews than are fans of film or music; they want to know "whether that hotly anticipated title is going to deliver".[9]

Score index[18]
Indication Video games Films/television/music
Universal acclaim 90–100 81–100
Generally favorable 75–89 61–80
Mixed or average 50–74 40–60
Generally unfavorable 20–49 20–39
Overwhelming dislike 0–19

In June 2018, Metacritic established the "Must-See" label for a movie that "achieves a Metascore of 81 or higher and has been reviewed by a minimum of 15 professional critics".[19] In September 2018, it added the "Must-Play" certification for video games attaining a score of 90% or more, and a minimum number of 15 reviews from industry professionals.[20][21]

The standalone highest-rated game of all time on the site is The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, with a 99. The three games with a 98 are Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2, Grand Theft Auto IV, and Soulcalibur. There are about two dozen 97-rated games with standouts including Red Dead Redemption 2 and Grand Theft Auto V.[22] There are eleven movies that have received a 100: Tokyo Story; The Godfather; Citizen Kane; Rear Window; Casablanca; Boyhood; Three Colors: Red; Vertigo; Fanny and Alexander; Notorious; and Lawrence of Arabia. [23] There are five TV show seasons that have received a 99, including Season 4 of Rectify, Season 4 and Season 6 of The Larry Sanders Show, Season 1 of Murder One, and Season 5 of Breaking Bad.[24] The standalone highest-rated album of all time on the site is Ten Freedom Summers by American trumpeter and composer Wadada Leo Smith, with a 99.[25]

The standalone lowest-rated game of all time is Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing, with an 8.[26] There are eleven movies that have received a 1: Bio-Dome, 10 Rules for Sleeping Around, Chaos, Inappropriate Comedy, Not Cool, The Singing Forest, The Garbage Pail Kids Movie, Death of a Nation, Hardbodies, Mother's Day and United Passions.[27] The standalone lowest-rated TV show of all time is The 1/2 Hour News Hour, with a 13.[28] The standalone lowest-rated album of all time is Playing with Fire by Kevin Federline, with a 15.[29]

Reception

Metacritic has received mixed reviews from website critics, commentators, and columnists. Its efficacy has been analyzed, with conclusions finding it to be generally useful[30] or unreliable and biased.[31] The website won two annual Webby Awards for excellence in the "Guides/Ratings/Reviews" category, in 2010 and 2015.[32][33]

Criticism

Metacritic has been criticized for converting all scoring systems into a single quantitative percentage-based scale. For example, an "A" score equates to the value of 100, an "F" the value of zero, and a "B−" the value of 67.[9] Joe Dodson, former editor at Game Revolution, criticized Metacritic and similar sites for turning reviews into scores that he found to be too low.[5] Doyle defended the grading system, believing that every scale should be converted directly to that of the website, with its lowest possible score being 0 and the highest 100.[9] Further criticism was directed to the website's refusal to publicize how it aggregates scores.[10]

According to Doyle, publishers often try to persuade him to exclude reviews they feel are unfair, but he said that once a publication is included, he refuses to omit any of its reviews.[5] A Washington Post review of Uncharted 4 was assigned with a rating of 40/100 by Metacritic; this was the only negative review of the game.[34] Readers who disapproved of the review petitioned Metacritic to remove the Post as a trusted source.[35] As a result of its perceived negative influence on the industry, several reviewing sites, including Kotaku and Eurogamer, have dropped numerical reviews that would appear in Metacritic, instead favoring a qualitative assessment of a game.[36][37] Kotaku also highlighted a practice alleged to be used by some publishers who use Metacritic scores as a way to leverage more favorable terms for the publisher or deny developers bonuses should they not reach a certain score. Doyle countered this by saying "Metacritic has absolutely nothing to do with how the industry uses our numbers... Metacritic has always been about educating the gamer. We're using product reviews as a tool to help them make the most of their time and money."[38]

Metacritic has also been criticized for how it handles banning users and their reviews, with no notice or formal process for appeal.[39] Critics and developers have pointed out that a product can suffer from rating manipulation by users, as by garnering low ratings that purposely damage its reputation or by receiving high ratings from throwaway accounts to make it appear more popular than it actually is.[40][41] Signal Studios president and creative director Douglas Albright described the website as having no standards.[42] In July 2020, Metacritic added a 36-hour waiting period for user reviews to be posted for video games at launch in an effort to reduce user score review-bombing during that period by users that have not played or barely played the game during a period when most players will not have finished the game.[43]

Some have noted that Metacritic scores for modern video games may not be accurately reflective of a game's state in the future due to post-release updates and patches as well as most press reviews of games taking place around their launch. For example, the metascore for MediEvil (2019) was mixed mainly due to performance issues that existed around the time of the game's launch. These issues were fixed in post-release patches that made the game run smoothly, which would have led to a higher metascore in its patched state.[44] Another example is online games such as Final Fantasy XIV Online and Warframe, which received mixed scores initially but became more well-received following improvements made after launch.[45]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Weprin, Alex Deal With Red Ventures (October 3, 2022). "TV Guide, Metacritic, GameSpot Acquired by Fandom in $55M Deal With Red Ventures". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  2. ^ Leack, Jonathan (September 25, 2015). "OpenCritic's Gamer-Centric Style Is Everything Metacritic Should Have Been". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  3. ^ Rose, Mike (July 10, 2012). "Metacritic is here to stay, but can we fix it?". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  4. ^ "Metacritic: The History". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
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  6. ^ "Columbia Journalism Review - CJR's guide to what the major media companies own". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
  7. ^ Spangler, Todd (September 14, 2020). "ViacomCBS Reaches Deal to Sell CNET for $500 Million to Marketing Firm Red Ventures". Variety. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
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  10. ^ a b Khan, Imad (December 11, 2015). "Do Metacritic scores affect game sales?". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
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  18. ^ "About Us". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
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  20. ^ Leonard, Matt (September 12, 2018). "Metacritic Adds 'Must-Play' Label to Highly Reviewed Games". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
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  22. ^ "Best Video Games of All Time". Metacritic. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
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  25. ^ "Best Music and Albums of All Time". Metacritic. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  26. ^ "Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing Critic Reviews for PC". Metacritic. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
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  31. ^ Spector, Warren (May 13, 2013). "Defining Success: Why Metacritic Should Be Irrelevant". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
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  33. ^ "2015 Webby Award Winner". International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences. 2015. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
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  35. ^ Schreier, Jason (May 16, 2016). "Reviewer Targeted For Giving Uncharted 4 Negative Review". Kotaku. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  36. ^ Tolito, Stephan (January 30, 2012). "How We Will Review Games". Kotaku. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  37. ^ Welsh, Oli (February 10, 2015). "Eurogamer has dropped review scores". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  38. ^ Schreier, Jason (August 8, 2015). "Metacritic Matters: How Review Scores Hurt Video Games". Kotaku. Archived from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
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  40. ^ Glennon, Jen (June 24, 2020). "Metacritic has a review bombing problem. Here are 6 ways to fix it". Inverse. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  41. ^ Valentine, Rebekah (February 21, 2020). "Kunai becomes the latest title review bombed on Metacritic by a single person". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  42. ^ Klepek, Patrick (September 22, 2011). "Metacritic Finds, Bans Group of Users Unfairly Scoring Games". Giant Bomb. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  43. ^ Lyles, Taylor (July 17, 2020). "Metacritic stops letting you review games on the day they're released". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  44. ^ "10 Great Games With A Metacritic Score Lower Than 70". TheGamer. February 4, 2022. Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
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1992 video gameSuper Double DragonNorth American cover art illustrated by Greg Winters.Developer(s)Technōs JapanPublisher(s)JP: Technōs JapanNA/EU: TradewestDirector(s)Muneki EbinumaAtsuyuki NishizawaProgrammer(s)Teruhiro MaedaGenei FukuharaNaritaka NishimuraComposer(s)Kazunaka YamaneSeriesDouble DragonPlatform(s)Super NESReleaseSuper Double DragonNA: October 8, 1992EU: September 30, 1993Return of Double DragonJP: October 16, 1992NA: August 21, 2018Genre(s)Beat'em upMode(s)Single-playerCoopera…

English footballer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fred Hopkin – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2016) (Learn how and when …

Report Program Generator programming language by IBM RPGReport Program GeneratorParadigmMulti-paradigmDeveloperIBMFirst appeared1959; 64 years ago (1959)Stable releaseRPG IV version 7 release 4 / October 6, 2020 (2020-10-06) Typing disciplineStrong, staticOSCPF, SSP, OS/400, IBM i, OS/VS1, z/OS, DOS/VSE, VSE/SP, VSE/ESA, z/VSE, VS/9, PRIMOS, OpenVMS, Wang VS, Burroughs MCP, HP MPE, MS-DOS, OS/2, Microsoft WindowsDialectsRPG, RPG II, RPG III, RPG 400, RP…

Rankin Inlet Diesel Power Station This is a list of electrical generating stations in Nunavut, Canada. Qulliq Energy, a government-owned corporation, is the only electrical power provider that serves the remote communities that demographically comprise Nunavut. Qulliq, has a total of 25 power plants, each containing multiple diesel generators. This arrangement serves a total of 25 communities. The territory is not connected to the North American power grid.[1] Diesel This section needs t…

Russian physicist Alexander Nikolayevich Skrinsky Alexander Nikolayevich Skrinsky (Скринский, Александр Николаевич) (born 15 January 1936) is a Russian nuclear physicist.[1] He was born in Orenburg and was educated at the high school in the city of Gorky and then at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. In 1957 he joined the laboratory of Gersh Budker, which was a part of the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (now the Kurchatov Institute). Since 1962…

Historic house in Maryland, United States United States historic placeHobson's ChoiceU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of MarylandShow map of the United StatesNearest city3145 Florence Rd., Woodbine, MarylandCoordinates39°18′20.1″N 77°5′26.7″W / 39.305583°N 77.090750°W / 39.305583; -77.090750Area23 acres (9.3 ha)Built1830 (1830)Architectural styleGreek Revival, FederalNRHP reference No.84001802[1]Added to NRHPS…

Para otros usos de este término, véase Tórax (artrópodos). Tórax Tórax humano en una vista anterior: delante y en el centro, el esternón. A ambos lados las costillas y detrás, en segundo plano, la columna vertebral dorsal.Nombre y clasificaciónLatín [TA]: thoraxTA A01.1.00.014Gray pág.116 [editar datos en Wikidata] El tórax es la parte del cuerpo humano que está entre la base del cuello y el diafragma. Contiene a los pulmones, el corazón, voluminosos vasos sanguíneos, li…

Tea company This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (September 2018) Kalahari TeaTypePrivateIndustryBeverageFounded1999HeadquartersAtlanta, GeorgiaProductsTea Kalahari Tea imports, distributes, and sells a variety of specialty teas via its web site. Founded by Ned Fitch and David Abrahams, the company focused in particular on South African Rooibos or red tea, which it sold in Gi…

Italian truck This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fiat 15 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Motor vehicle Fiat 15FIAT 15 Ter (1911-1920)OverviewManufacturerFiat Veicoli IndustrialiAlso calledFiat Tipo 15Production…

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