The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of 10 track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "contest" or "prize"). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved.[1] The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon.
A ten-event competition known as the "all-around" or "all-round" championship, similar to the modern decathlon, was first contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 and reached a consistent form by 1890.[4][5] While an all-around event was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, whether it was an official Olympic event has been disputed.[6]
The vast majority of international and top-level men's decathlons are divided into a two-day competition, with the track and field events held in the order below. Traditionally, all decathletes who finish the event, rather than just the winner or medal-winning athletes, do a round of honour together after the competition.[citation needed] The current world record holder is Kevin Mayer from France with 9126 points which he set on September 16, 2018, in Talence, France.
At major championships, the women's equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon; before 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon.[8] However, in 2001, the IAAF (now World Athletics) approved scoring tables for a women's decathlon; the current world record holder is Austra Skujytė of Lithuania, with 8,358.[9] Women's disciplines differ from men's in the same way as for standalone events: the shot, discus, and javelin weigh less, and the sprint hurdles use lower hurdles over 100 m rather than 110 m. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events. In some women's decathlon competitions, the schedule differs from the men's decathlon, with the field events switched between day one and day two. This rule was initially instituted to avoid scheduling conflicts when men's and women's decathlon competitions take place simultaneously, however by 2024 the rule was revised to allow conducting the women's decathlon using the men's event order.[10][11] The inaugural Women's Decathlon World Championships used the men's ordering of events.[12]
Women's decathlon reversed field event order (optional)
The one-hour decathlon is a special type of decathlon in which the athletes have to start the last of ten events (1500 m) within sixty minutes of the start of the first event. The world record holder is Czech decathlete Robert Změlík, who achieved 7,897 points at a meeting in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, in 1992.[13]
Masters athletics
In Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way, marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, even if those marks would not appear on the scale designed for younger age groups. Additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and lower hurdles. Based on this system, German Rolf Geese in the M60 division and American Robert Hewitt in the M80 divisions have set their respective world records over 8,000 points. Using the same scale, Nadine O'Connor scored 10,234 points in the W65 division, the highest decathlon score ever recorded.[14][15]
The 2001 IAAF points tables use the following formulae:[16]
Points = INT(A(B − P)C) for track events (faster time produces a higher score)
Points = INT(A(P − B)C) for field events (greater distance or height produces a higher score)
A, B, and C are parameters that vary by discipline, as shown in the adjacent table, while P is the performance by the athlete, measured in seconds (running), metres (throwing), or centimetres (jumping).[16]
The decathlon tables should not be confused with the scoring tables compiled by Bojidar Spiriev, to allow comparison of the relative quality of performances by athletes in different events. On those tables, for example, a decathlon score of 9,006 points equates to 1,265 "comparison points", the same number as a triple jump of 18 m.[17]
Benchmarks
Split evenly between the events, the following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1,000, 900, 800, and 700 points in each sport.
The total decathlon score for all world records in the respective events would be 12,636. The total decathlon score for all the best performances achieved during decathlons is 10,669. The Difference column shows the difference in points between the decathlon points that the individual current world record would be awarded and the points awarded to the current decathlon record for that event. The relative differences in points are much higher in throwing events than in running and jumping events.
Decathlon bests are only recognized when an athlete completes the ten-event competition with a score of over 7,000 points.[18]
World records (WR) compared to decathlon bests (DB)
The world decathlon under-20 record using senior implements is held by Torsten Voss, of East Germany, who scored 8,397 points in Erfurt, East Germany, from 6–7 July 1982. This was the last record to be ratified because it is no longer a World Athletics under-20 record event.
Key:
NWI = No Wind Indication
100 m (wind)
Long jump (wind)
Shot put
High jump
400 m
110 m h (wind)
Discus
Pole vault
Javelin
1500 m
10.76 (NWI)
7.66 m (NWI)
14.41 m
2.09 m
48.37
14.37 (NWI)
41.66 m
4.80 m
62.90 m
4:34.04
Key:
+ = Senior implements
* = 6-kg shot, 1.067-m hurdles, 1.75-kg discus
A = Altitude (over 1,000 m)
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