Ранняе царства (Егіпет)

Ранняе царства — эпоха ў гісторыі Старажытнага Егіпта паміж 30—28 стст. да н.э., час праўлення І—II дынастый. Эпоха адлічваецца ад легендарнага аб'яднання краіны царом Менесам.

Каля сярэдзіны 4-га тыс. да н.э. з меншых протадзяржаў утварыліся 2 вялікія царствы — Верхні Егіпет і Ніжні Егіпет. Прыкладна каля 3000 да н.э. цар Верхняга Егіпта Менес захапіў Ніжні Егіпет, заснаваў крэпасць Мемфіс (з 28 ст. да н.э. сталіца Егіпта) і аб'яднаў абедзве дзяржавы. Пачалася гісторыя адзінай краіны Егіпет.

У перыяд Ранняга царства удасканальваліся каменныя і медныя прылады працы, пашырыўся менавы гандаль, развівалася ірыгацыйная гаспадарка. Фарміраваўся дзяржаўны апарат, вылучыліся номы на чале з намархамі. Вяліся войны з кушытамі (нубійцамі) на поўдні, лівійцамі на паўночным захадзе, бедуінамі Сінайскага паўвострава на паўночным усходзе.

На царскі трон прэтэндавалі 2 роды, якія пакланяліся багам Верхняга Егіпта Хору і Сету, перамаглі прыхільнікі Гора, якія сталі апекунамі царскай улады.

Значнага прагрэсу дасягнула ткацкае рамяство, пачаўся выраб папірусу для пісьма.

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