World Organization of the Scout Movement

World Organization of the Scout Movement
Headquarters	World Scout Bureau: Geneva, Switzerland Secretary General's Office: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Country	Worldwide
Founded	1922[1][2]
Membership	174 organisations[3] Around 43 million participants (2021)[4]
Secretary General	Ahmad Alhendawi[5][6]
World Scout Committee Chairman	Edward Andrew Chapman
Website http://www.scout.org

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM /ˈwʊzəm/) is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 174 members.^[3] These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have around 43 million participants.^[4] WOSM was established in 1922,^[1][2] and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).

The WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the education of young people, through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society".^[7][8] WOSM is organized into regions and operates with a conference, committee and bureau.

The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres. The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years under the auspices of the WOSM, with members of WAGGGS also invited. WOSM also organises the World Scout Moot, a Jamboree for 17- to 26-year-olds, and has organised the World Scout Indaba, a gathering for Scout leaders. The World Scout Foundation is a perpetual fund governed by a separate Board of Governors and supported by donations for the development of WOSM associated Scouting programs throughout the world.

WOSM is a non-governmental organization with General Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).^[9]

History

As a result of an international conference held during the 1st World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London in 1920, leaders there agreed to create a Boy Scouts International Bureau (BSIB). An office was established at 25, Buckingham Palace Road, London, and the then International Commissioner of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom, Hubert S. Martin, was appointed as Honorary Director. The first task of the bureau was to co-ordinate the discussions and to prepare a second international conference in Paris in 1922.^[1][2] At the 1922 Paris conference The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement, its committee and BSIB were constituted by the founding member organizations.^[2] In 1961 The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement reconstituted the organization introducing the name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement became the WOSM's World Scout Conference, its International Committee became the World Scout Committee and the Boy Scouts International Bureau became the WOSM's World Scout Bureau.^[10]

World Scout Conference

The World Scout Conference is the governing body and meets every three years, preceded by the World Scout Youth Forum. The World Scout Conference is the general assembly of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and is composed of six delegates from each of the member Scout associations. If a country has more than one association, the associations form a federation for coordination and world representation. The basis for recognition and membership in the World Scout Conference includes adherence to the aims and principles of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, and independence from political involvement on the part of each member association.^[11]

The Conference meets every three years and is hosted by a member association. At the World Scout Conference, basic cooperative efforts are agreed upon and a plan of mutual coordination is adopted.^[12]

Date	Number	Location	Country	Member Countries	Host Candidate Countries
1920	Retrospectively referred to as the "First International Conference"	London	United Kingdom	33
1922	First International Conference (retrospectively referred to as the "Second")[2]	Paris	France	30
1924	Third International Conference	Copenhagen	Denmark	34
1926	Fourth International Conference	Kandersteg	Switzerland	29
1929	Fifth International Conference	Birkenhead	United Kingdom	33
1931	Sixth International Conference	Baden bei Wien	Austria	44
1933	Seventh International Conference	Gödöllő	Hungary	31
1935	Eighth International Conference	Stockholm	Sweden	28
1937	Ninth International Conference	The Hague	Netherlands	34
1939	10th International Conference	Edinburgh	United Kingdom	27
1947	11th International Conference	Château de Rosny-sur-Seine	France	32
1949	12th International Conference	Elvesaeter	Norway	25
1951	13th International Conference	Salzburg	Austria	34
1953	14th International Conference	Vaduz	Liechtenstein	35
1955	15th International Conference	Niagara Falls, Ontario	Canada	44
1957	16th International Conference	Cambridge	United Kingdom	52
1959	17th International Conference	New Delhi	India	35
1961	18th International Conference	Lisbon	Portugal[13]	50
1963	19th World Scout Conference	Rhodes	Greece	52
1965	20th World Scout Conference	Mexico City	Mexico	59
1967	21st World Scout Conference	Seattle	United States	70
1969	22nd World Scout Conference	Espoo	Finland	64
1971	23rd World Scout Conference	Tokyo	Japan	71
1973	24th World Scout Conference	Nairobi	Kenya	77
1975	25th World Scout Conference	Lundtoft	Denmark	87
1977	26th World Scout Conference	Montreal	Canada	81
1979	27th World Scout Conference	Birmingham	United Kingdom	81
1981	28th World Scout Conference	Dakar	Senegal	74
1983	29th World Scout Conference	Dearborn	United States	90
1985	30th World Scout Conference	Munich	West Germany	93
1988	31st World Scout Conference	Melbourne	Australia	77
1990	32nd World Scout Conference	Paris	France	100
1993	33rd World Scout Conference	Sattahip	Thailand	99
1996	34th World Scout Conference	Oslo	Norway	108
1999	35th World Scout Conference	Durban	South Africa	116
2002	36th World Scout Conference	Thessaloniki	Greece	125
2005	37th World Scout Conference	Hammamet	Tunisia	122	Hong Kong
2008	38th World Scout Conference	Jeju-do	South Korea	150
2011	39th World Scout Conference	Curitiba	Brazil	138	Australia,  Hong Kong,  Switzerland
2014	40th World Scout Conference	Ljubljana	Slovenia	143	Italy
2017	41st World Scout Conference	Baku	Azerbaijan	169[14]	Malaysia
2021	42nd World Scout Conference	Digital		170[15]
2024	43rd World Scout Conference	Cairo	Egypt[16]		France,  Mexico
2027	44th World Scout Conference				Rwanda,  United Kingdom

World Scout Committee

The World Scout Committee is the executive body of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and is composed of elected volunteers and one appointed Secretary General. The World Scout Committee represents World Scout Conference between the meetings of the full conference. The World Scout Committee is responsible for the implementation of the resolutions of the World Scout Conference and for acting on its behalf between its meetings. The Committee meets at least twice a year. Its Steering Committee, consisting of the Chairperson, two Vice-Chairpersons, a Youth Advisor and the Secretary General, meet as needed.^[17]

The committee has 21 members. Twelve, each from a different country, are elected for three-year terms by the World Scout Conference. The members, elected without regard to their nationality, represent the interests of the movement as a whole, not those of their country. The Secretary General, the Treasurer of WOSM and a representative member of the board of the World Scout Foundation and the chairpersons of the regional Scout committees are ex-officio members of the committee. The six Youth Advisors to the WSC are elected by the World Scout Youth Forum. The Youth Advisors participate in all of the WSC meetings and are also part of the governing structure between the meetings.

The 2021-2024 World Scout Committee has set up work streams to address the top strategic priorities, as defined by the World Scout Conference, which at present include:^[18]

• Educational Methods
  • Boosting Volunteers (Adults in Scouting Project)
  • Earth Tribe Coordinating Team
  • Gender Mainstreaming Coordination
  • Life Skills Initiative
  • SCENES Coordination Team
• World Events
  • Evolution of the World Scout Conference
  • Innovation of all World Events
• Good Governance
  • Growth, Recovery and Resilience - Enabling Capacities for Growth
  • GSAT Review and New Partner On-boarding
  • Safe from Harm 1 - Compliance Mechanism Build, Pilot and Implementation
  • Safe from Harm in World and Regional Events
  • Strengthening Consultants Support in Financial Management
  • WOSM Consultants 2.0

Task forces include:

• Youth Engagement in Decision-Making
• Sustainability

Workstream Coordination Group

• Project management support
• Volunteer management support
• Monitoring and evaluation support

Standing committees include:

• Audit
• Budget
• Constitutions
• Ethics
• Honours and Awards
• Steering

Current members 2021–2024

Name[19]	Country	Term to*
Andy Chapman, Chairperson	United States	2024
Jo Deman, Vice-Chair	Belgium	2024
Sarah Rita Kattan, Vice-Chair	Lebanon	2024
Mehdi Ben Khelil	Tunisia	2024
Mori Chi-Kin Cheng	Hong Kong	2024
Wayne Adrian Davis	Ethiopia	2024
Nika Gorovska	Ukraine	2024
Eun Gui Kim	Korea	2024
Chrissy Pollithy	Germany	2024
Daiana Neil	Argentina	2024
Pia Melin Graasbøll	Denmark	2024
Juan Reig	Spain	2024
Yelena Luzyanina	Chairperson, Eurasia Scout Committee	2024
Rubem Tadeu	Chairperson, Interamerican Scout Committee	2024
Matthias Gerth	Chairperson, European Scout Committee	2024
Abdullah Altraiji	Chairperson, Arab Scout Committee	2024
Maina Kiranga	Chairperson, Africa Scout Committee	2024
Hon. Gov. Dale Corvera	Chairperson, Asia-Pacific Scout Committee	2024
Ahmad Alhendawi, Secretary General	Jordan[20]
Joseph Lau, Treasurer	Hong Kong
Geoff Morgan, AM, Member WSF	Australia[21]	2021**
Fatima Aliyeva	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024
Yoobinnara Kim	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024
Reese Medina	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024
Alhassan Soltan	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024
Maman Lamine Soumana Ide Issa	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024
Melissa Wilm Senna Pinto	Youth Advisor to the World Scout Committee	2024

• Note: The World Scout Conference in 2008 decided that, starting at the World Conference in 2011, elected members will serve for only three years, but be eligible for re-election for one additional term. Due SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Scout Conference was rescheduled from Aug 2020 to Aug 2021.

Bronze Wolf Award

The Bronze Wolf Award is the only distinction awarded by WOSM, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. It was first awarded to Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the then-International Committee on the day of the institution of the Bronze Wolf in Stockholm in 1935.

World Scout Bureau

The World Scout Bureau is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and (before the dissolution of Eurasian Scout Region) had offices in six regional divisions:

  European Region: Geneva, Switzerland; Brussels, Belgium, Belgrade, Serbia and Kyiv, Ukraine^{[citation needed]}

  Arab Region: Cairo, Egypt

  Africa Region: Nairobi, Kenya; Cape Town, South Africa; and Dakar, Senegal

  Asia-Pacific Region: Makati, Philippines; Australia; Nepal^{[citation needed]}; and Tokyo, Japan

  Interamerican Region: Ciudad del Saber, Panama

  grey areas such as North Korea, Laos and Cuba have no Scouting

The World Scout Bureau (WSB, formerly the International Bureau) is the secretariat that carries out the instructions of the World Scout Conference and the World Scout Committee. The WSB is administered by the secretary general, who is supported by a staff of technical resource personnel. The bureau staff helps associations improve and broaden their Scouting by training professionals and volunteers, establishing finance policies and money-raising techniques, improving community facilities and procedures, and assisting in marshaling the national resources of each country behind Scouting.^[11]

The staff also helps arrange global events such as the World Scout Jamborees, encourages regional events, and acts as a liaison between the Scouting Movement and other international organizations. A major effort in the emerging nations is the extension of the universal Good Turn into an organization-wide effort for community development.^[22]

Location

The Bureau was first established in London, England in 1920 and moved to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1959. The International Conference directed the move of the Bureau from Ottawa to Geneva on 1 May 1968.^[23] In August 2013, WOSM announced the relocation of the World Scout Bureau Central Office (WSB-CO) to Kuala Lumpur where it is now located.^[24]

Leadership

This list includes Secretaries General and their deputies from the World Organization of the Scout Movement and members of the World Scout Bureau. From 1920 to 1968, this function was called Director.

Title	Years	Name	Country
Director	1920–1938	Hubert S. Martin	United Kingdom
Director	1938–1951	John Skinner Wilson	United Kingdom
Director	1951–1965	Daniel Spry	Canada
Director	1965–1968	Richard T. Lund	United Kingdom
Secretary General	1968–1988	László Nagy	Switzerland
Secretary General	1988–2004	Jacques Moreillon	Switzerland
Deputy Secretary General	1991–2004	Malek Gabr	Egypt
Deputy Secretary General	1991–2004	Luc Panissod	France
Secretary General	2004–2007	Eduardo Missoni	Italy
Deputy Secretary General	2004–2007	Dominique Bénard	France
Deputy Secretary General	2004–2007	Luc Panissod	France
Secretary General	2007–2012		France
Secretary General	2013–2016	Scott Teare	USA
Secretary General	2017–incumbent	Ahmad Alhendawi	Jordan

^[5][6]

World Scout Centres

World Scout Centre is a brand of the WOSM but the two World Scout Centres are operated by regional divisions of WOSM and an independent body:

• Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland, operated by the Scouts International Home association.^[25]
• Cairo International Scout Centre in Egypt, operated by the Arab Region.

World Scout programmes

The Better World Framework combines the Scouts of the World Award, Messengers of Peace and World Scout Environment Programmes as programme initiatives administered by the World Scout Bureau. ^[26]

World Scout emblem

1939-1955 version of the World Scout Emblem, used by the Boy Scouts International Bureau and International Committee members

The WOSM emblem and membership badge is the World Scout Emblem, a purple, circular logo with a fleur-de-lis in the center, surrounded by a length of rope tied with a reef knot (also called a square knot). Baden-Powell used a fleur-de-lis badge awarded to British Army scouts and subsequently adopted and modified the badge for Scouting. The arrowhead represents the North point on a compass, and is intended to point Scouts on the path to service and unity. The three points on the fleur-de-lis represent the three parts of the Scout Promise: - service to others, duty to God and obedience to the Scout Law.^[27] The two five-point stars stand for truth and knowledge, with the ten points representing the ten points of the Scout Law. The bond at the base of the fleur-de-lis symbolizes the family of Scouting. The encircling rope symbolizes the unity and family of the World Scout Movement.

Recognition of non-national Scouting organizations

The needs of Scout youth in unusual situations has created some interesting permutations, answerable directly to the World Scout Bureau. These permutations fall generally into three categories:

• "National" Movements not operating within the boundaries of their original homelands, such as the Russian and Armenian exile groups;^[10]
• Small, non-voting associations basically viewed by the BSIB as "councils", such as the Boy Scouts of the United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone^[28]
• The less well-known directly registered "mixed-nationality Troops".

Both the Boy Scouts of United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone have long since disbanded, and the only remaining directly registered Troop is the International Boy Scouts, Troop 1 located in Yokohama, Japan.

In addition to these three groups a temporary recognition was extended by the BSIB to Scouts in displaced persons camps after World War II. In 1947 at the 11th International Conference the "Displaced Persons Division" of the BSIB was established to register and support Scouts in displaced person camps in Austria, Northern Italy, and Germany.^[29] These Scouts did not receive the right of membership in the Boy Scouts International Conference but gained recognition as Scouts under the protection of the Bureau until they took up residence in a country that had a recognized National Scouting Organization, which they then could join.^[30] The D.P. Division was closed on 30 June 1950.^[31]

The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile Russian Scout group as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August 1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on 30 April 1929.^[10]

The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959.

The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with Scouts that claimed British and not Panamanian nationality was originally placed under the American Scouting overseas of the BSA but, in 1947, was transferred under the International Bureau. In 1957 the group had over 900 members and existed as a directly registered group until the late 60s.

The third category in the directly registered groups, the "mixed-nationality troops", were registered after discussions concerning such troops took place at the 3rd International Conference of 1924^[32] at which the BSIB was authorized to directly register such groups. It seems that the discussion at the 1924 International Conference was, at least in part, prompted by a letter to Baden-Powell from the Scoutmaster of one such troop in Yokohama, Japan.^[33] Janning's troop became the first troop directly registered by the BSIB.^[34] Only a few troops were directly registered as soon the practice was discontinued and new "mixed" groups were encouraged to join the National Scout Association of their country of residence. In 1955 only two such groups were still active, a troop in Iraq that disbanded that year,^[35] and the first group to be registered, the International Troop 1 in Yokohama.^[36] The international troop in Yokohama is the only remaining active troop of the small group of the originally directly registered mixed-nationality troops.^[37]

Inter-religious Forum of World Scouting

See also: Religion in Scouting

The Inter-religious Forum of World Scouting serves as a working-group for the religions and beliefs represented in Scouting. There are eight main religious groups represented in the Inter-religious Forum of World Scouting:^[38]

• CPGS – Council of Protestants in Guiding and Scouting
• DESMOS – International Link of Orthodox Christian Scouts
• ICCS – International Catholic Conference of Scouting
• IFJS – International Forum of Jewish Scouts
• IUMS – International Union of Muslim Scouts
• WBSB – World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood
• The Church of the Latter Day Saints

Publications

Publications of WOSM include:

• Scouting 'Round the World: a book updated every three years with details on all WOSM member organizations;
• WorldInfo Archived 11 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine: a monthly circular distributed in electronic format with the help of Scoutnet.

See also

• List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members
• Scouts of the World Award

References

1. "Constitution of the World Organization of the Scout Movement" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. January 2011. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
2. Colquhoun, OBE, John Frederick (1954). Running a Scout Group. London: The Boy Scouts Association. p. 198. the first International Conference was held in Paris in '1922', when Great Britain became one of the founder-members of the world organization.
3. "Scoutisme Congolais joins global Scout Movement as 174th Member Organization". Scout.org. 9 August 2023.
4. "Final WOSM Census 2022" (PDF). 31 May 2022.
5. "Next Secretary General – World Organization of the Scout Movement". scout.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
6. "Alhendawi announces departure – Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
7. "Mission". World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2017. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
8. "The Mission of Scouting". World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2007. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
9. "WOSM and the UN". World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2016. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
10. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (March 2004). "Chapter 2: International Scouting: Refugees, Displaced Persons and Exile Scouting". The Undaunted (Integral Internet Edition, November 2011 ed.). ISBN 9780974647906. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
11. "World Scouting". WOSM World Scouting. Archived from the original on 24 December 2005. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
12. "Laszlo Nagy (1921–2009) / Secretary General / World Bureau / Governance / Our Organisation / Home – World Organization of the Scout Movement". Archived from the original on 26 September 2009.
13. "Moot 'Down Under'". The Daily News. St. John's, Newfoundland. 9 February 1960. p. 9. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2019 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
14. "World Scouting Welcomes the Iraq Scout Association". World Scouting. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
15. "Opening of the 42nd World Scout Conference". Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.
16. "World Scout Conference declares Egypt the host for the next event in 2024". World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
17. "World Scout Committee". WOSM World Scouting. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
18. "Annex 1: 2021-2024 Operational Framework" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
19. "World Scout Committee members". Scout.org. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
20. "Next Secretary General Announced". World Organization of the Scout Movement. 11 November 2016. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
21. "Mr Geoff Morgan AM". World Scout Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
22. "World Scout Bureau fact sheet". WOSM World Scouting. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
23. "History and Location". WOSM World Scout Bureau. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
24. "World Scout Bureau - Relocation of Central Office" (PDF). WOSM Circular N° 20/2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
25. "Kandersteg International Scout Centre". scout.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
26. "Launched: World Scouting-UNESCO World Heritage Recognition Initiative, Messengers of Peace Programme at the 23rd World Scout Jamboree" (PDF). WOSM. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
27. "The World Membership Badge" (PDF). The Scout Association. 16 May 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
28. Wilson, John S. (1959). "The International Bureau Goes on the Road". Scouting Round the World (first ed.). London: Blandford Press. p. 134. At Balboa we met up with Gunnar Berg and Ray Wyland of the B.S.A., also on their way to Bogota, and had a conference about the question of coloured Scouts in the Canal Zone, who claim British and not Panamanian nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but ten years later they were transferred directly under the International Bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone.
29. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 42–43. ISBN 2-88052-003-7.
30. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 43–46. ISBN 2-88052-003-7.
31. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 45–46. ISBN 2-88052-003-7.
32. 1948 Letter from J. S. Wilson, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
33. 1967 Letter from Jos. Janning, IBS Scoutmaster. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
34. 1955 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
35. 1950 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
36. 1972 Letter from BSIS Kentropp, BSIB Public Relations. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
37. 1956 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents". International Boy Scouts. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
38. "Inter-religious Forum of World Scouting". scout.org. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.

Further reading

• Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
• Laszlo Nagy, 250 Million Scouts, The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers, 1985
• Eduard Vallory, "World Scouting: Educating for Global Citizenship", Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012

External links

• About: World Scout Committee
• About: World Scout Bureau
• World Scout Shops