Department of Space

Department of Space
अंतरिक्ष विभाग
Antarikṣ Vibhāg
Emblem of India
Department overview
JurisdictionGovernment of India
HeadquartersAntariksh Bhavan, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Annual budgetDecrease 12,543.91 crore (US$1.5 billion) (2023–24) [1]
Minister responsible
Deputy Minister responsible
Department executive
Child agencies
Websitewww.dos.gov.in

The Department of Space (DoS)[3] is an Indian government department responsible for administration of the Indian space programme. It manages several agencies and institutes related to space exploration and space technologies. The Indian space programme under the DoS aims to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. It includes two major satellite systems, INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management. It has also developed two satellite launch vehicles Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to place IRS and INSAT class satellites in orbit.

History

In 1961, the Government of India and then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru entrusted the responsibility for space research and for the peaceful use of outer space to the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), then under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha. In 1962, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) set up Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), with Vikram Sarabhai as chairman, to organise a national space programme.

In 1969, INCOSPAR was reconstituted as an advisory body under the India National Science Academy (INSA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established. The Government of India constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of Space (DoS) in 1972 and brought ISRO under DoS management on 1 June 1972.

On 15 January 2022 S. Somanath succeeded Kailasavadivoo Sivan as the Secretary (Space) and ex-officio chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and Space Commission.[2] Vanditha Sharma is the additional secretary of the department.[4]

Agencies and institutes

Organisation chart showing structure of the Department of Space
Map of centres of the Department of Space of the Government of India

The Department of Space manages the following agencies and institutes:[5]

Historical list of annual budget of department of space

Annual Budget of Department of Space over the years
Budget of Department of Space as percentage of Indian GDP
Department of Space budget as percentage of Total Expenditure
Calendar Year GDP (2011-12 base year) in crores(₹)[9] Total Expenditure in crores (₹) Budget of Department of Space[10] Notes and references
Nominal INR (crore) % of GDP % of Total Expenditure 2023 Constant INR (crore)
1972-73 55245 18.2325000 0.03% 819.764 Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [11][12]
1973-74 67241 19.0922000 0.03% 734.893 Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [13][14]
1974-75 79378 30.7287000 0.04% 920.293 [15]
1975-76 85212 36.8379000 0.04% 1,034.909 [16]
1976-77 91812 41.1400000 0.04% 1,250.173 Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [16]
1977-78 104024 37.3670000 0.04% 1,048.38 [17]
1978-79 112671 51.4518000 0.05% 1,408.028 [18]
1979-80 123562 57.0062000 0.05% 1,468.375 [19]
1980-81 147063 82.1087000 0.06% 1,898.797 [20]
1981-82 172776 109.132100 0.06% 2,231.643 Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [21][22]
1982-83 193255 94.8898000 0.05% 1,797.751 [23]
1983-84 225074 163.365600 0.07% 2,767.55 [24]
1984-85 252188 181.601000 0.07% 2,837.197 [25]
1985-86 284534 229.102300 0.08% 3,391.279 [26]
1986-87 318366 309.990900 0.1% 4,220.286 [27]
1987-88 361865 347.084600 0.1% 4,343.593 [28]
1988-89 429363 422.367000 0.1% 4,831.886 [29]
1989-90 493278 398.559500 0.08% 4,257.157 [30]
1990-91 576109 105298 386.221800 0.07% 0.37% 3,787.304 [31][32]
1991-92 662260 111414 460.101000 0.07% 0.41% 3,962.043 [33][32]
1992-93 761196 122618 490.920400 0.06% 0.4% 3,778.456 [34][32]
1993-94 875992 141853 695.335000 0.08% 0.49% 5,034.199 [35][32]
1994-95 1027570 160739 759.079300 0.07% 0.47% 4,987.831 [36][32][37]
1995-96 1205583 178275 755.778596 0.06% 0.42% 4,503.218 [38][32][37]
1996-97 1394816 201007 1062.44660 0.08% 0.53% 5,808.958 [39][32][37]
1997-98 1545294 232053 1050.50250 0.07% 0.45% 5,355.404 [40][37]
1998-99 1772297 279340 1401.70260 0.08% 0.5% 6,314.116 [41][37][42]
1999-00 1988262 298053 1677.38580 0.08% 0.56% 7,207.213 [43][37][42]
2000-01 2139886 325592 1905.39970 0.09% 0.59% 7,870.388 [44][37][42][45]
2001-02 2315243 362310 1900.97370 0.08% 0.52% 7,566.941 [46][42][47][45]
2002-03 2492614 413248 2162.22480 0.09% 0.52% 8,251.252 [48][42][47][45]
2003-04 2792530 471203 2268.80470 0.08% 0.48% 8,340.184 [49][42][47][45]
2004-05 3186332 498252 2534.34860 0.08% 0.51% 8,978.048 [50][42][47][45]
2005-06 3632125 505738 2667.60440 0.07% 0.53% 9,064.742 [51][42][47][45]
2006-07 4254629 583387 2988.66550 0.07% 0.51% 9,600 [52][47][53][45]
2007-08 4898662 712671 3278.00440 0.07% 0.46% 9,896.958 [54][47][53][45]
2008-09 5514152 883956 3493.57150 0.06% 0.4% 9,737.543 [55][47][53][45]
2009-10 6366407 1024487 4162.95990 0.07% 0.41% 10,469.328 [56][53][45]
2010-11 7634472 1197328 4482.23150 0.06% 0.37% 10,054.831 [57][53][45]
2011-12 8736329 1304365 3790.78880 0.04% 0.29% 7,810.892 [58][53][45]
2012-13 9944013 1410372 4856.28390 0.05% 0.34% 9,154.92 [59][53][45]
2013-14 11233522 1559447 5168.95140 0.05% 0.33% 8,785.089 [60][53][45]
2014-15 12467960 1663673 5821.36630 0.05% 0.35% 9,301.439 [61][62][45]
2015-16 13771874 1790783 6920.00520 0.05% 0.39% 10,442.867 [63][64][45]
2016-17 15391669 1975194 8039.99680 0.05% 0.41% 11,558.692 [65][66][45]
2017-18 17090042 2141975 9130.56640 0.05% 0.43% 12,807.642 [67][68][45]
2018-19 18899668 2315113 11192.6566 0.06% 0.48% 14,973.994 [69][70][45]
2019-20 20103593 2686330 13033.2917 0.06% 0.49% 16,196.004 [71][72][73][45]
2020-21 19854096 3509836 9490.05390 0.05% 0.27% 11,169.744 [71][74][75][45]
2021-22 23597399 3793801 12473.84 0.05% 0.33% 13,997.153 [76][71][77][78]
2022-23 26949646 4193157 10158.4694 0.04% 0.24% 10,764.009 [71][79][80]

See also

References

  1. ^ "DEMAND NO. 95, Department of Space" (PDF). indiabudget.gov.in. 1 February 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b "S Somanath appointed tenth chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation". The Indian Express. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ "ISRO - Government of India". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  4. ^ "Space Commission". Department of Space. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  5. ^ "DoS structure". Department of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  6. ^ "NEC – North Eastern Council". Necouncil.nic.in. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  7. ^ "Historic space reforms by DoS, ISRO set in motion to empower private space sector, academia". Tech2. 25 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  8. ^ "In a first, Centre approves setting up a new space board". Livemint. 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  9. ^ "Economic Survey 2021-22 Statistical Appendix" (PDF). p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022. Table 1.6: Components of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices
  10. ^ "Archive of Demands for Grants". Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  11. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1973-74" (PDF). p. 06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  12. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1974-75" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1974-75" (PDF). p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1975-76" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  15. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1976-77" (PDF). p. 27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1977-78" (PDF). p. 32. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  17. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1979-80" (PDF). p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  18. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1980-81" (PDF). p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  19. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1981-82" (PDF). p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  20. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1982-83" (PDF). p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  21. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1982-83" (PDF). p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  22. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1983-84" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  23. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1984-85" (PDF). p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  24. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1985-86" (PDF). p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  25. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1986-87" (PDF). p. 49. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1987-88" (PDF). p. 45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  27. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1988-89" (PDF). p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  28. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1989-90" (PDF). p. 50. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  29. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1990-91" (PDF). p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  30. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1991-92" (PDF). p. 50. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  31. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1992-93" (PDF). p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g "1999-2000 Expenditure Budget Vol. I: Trends in Expenditure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  33. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1993-94" (PDF). p. 54. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  34. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1994-95" (PDF). p. 51. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  35. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1995-96" (PDF). p. 65. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  36. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1996-97" (PDF). p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g "2003-2004 Expenditure Budget Vol. I: Trends in Expenditure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  38. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1997-98" (PDF). p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  39. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1998-99" (PDF). p. 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  40. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 1999-2000" (PDF). p. 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  41. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2000-2001" (PDF). p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h "Expenditure Budget Vol. I, 2007-2008: Trends in Expenditure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  43. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2001-2002" (PDF). p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  44. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2002-2003" (PDF). p. 47. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Mani, Sunil; Dadhwal, V. K.; Shaijumon, C. S. (1 May 2023). "India's Space Economy, 2011–12 to 2020–21: Its Size and Structure". Space Policy. 64: 101524. doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101524. ISSN 0265-9646.
  46. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2003-2004" (PDF). p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h "Expenditure Budget Vol. I, 2010-2011: Trends in Expenditure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  48. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2004-2005" (PDF). p. 42. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  49. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2005-2006" (PDF). p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  50. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2006-2007" (PDF). p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  51. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2007-2008" (PDF). p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  52. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2008-2009" (PDF). p. 50. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h "Expenditure Budget Vol. I, 2015-2016: Trends in Expenditure" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  54. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2009-2010" (PDF). p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  55. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2010-2011" (PDF). p. 46. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  56. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2011-2012" (PDF). p. 46. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  57. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2012-2013" (PDF). p. 43. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  58. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2013-2014" (PDF). p. 49. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  59. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2014-2015" (PDF). p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  60. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2015-2016" (PDF). p. 58. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  61. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2016-2017" (PDF). p. 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  62. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2016-2017" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  63. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2017-2018" (PDF). p. 83. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  64. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2017-2018" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  65. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2018-2019" (PDF). p. 76. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  66. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2018-2019" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  67. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2019-2020" (PDF). p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  68. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2019-2020" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  69. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2020-2021" (PDF). p. 93. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  70. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2020-2021" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  71. ^ a b c d "Components of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices" (PDF). 23 July 2024. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2024.
  72. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2021-22" (PDF). p. 94. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  73. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2021-2022" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  74. ^ "Detailed Demands of Grants of Department of Space for 2022-23" (PDF). p. 97. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  75. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2022-2023" (PDF). p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  76. ^ "Components of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices" (PDF). 1 February 2023. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2023.
  77. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2023-2024" (PDF). 1 February 2023. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2023.
  78. ^ "Expeniture Budget 2023-2024" (PDF). 1 February 2023. p. 334. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2023.
  79. ^ "Budget at a Glance 2024-2025" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2024.
  80. ^ "Department of Space, Detailed Demands For Grants for 2024-2025" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2024.


Read other articles:

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Dinasti Qin. Qin Awal Qin Awal, juga disebut Fuqin(苻秦)[1] (351-394) merupakan nama dari sebuah negara pada Zaman Enam Belas Negara di Asia Timur, terutama Tiongkok. Negara ini didirikan oleh pejabat Fu Jian dari dinasti Shi Le, suku Di, yang menyelesaikan penyatuan Tiongkok utara pada 376.[2] Ibu kotanya adalah Xi'an hingga kematian kaisar Fu Jian pada 385. Terlepas dari namanya, Qin Awal jauh lebih lambat dan kurang kuat dibandingkan Qin Akhir y...

 

Цю статтю написано переважно за джерелами, які тісно пов'язані з предметом статті. Це може призвести до порушень нейтральності та недостатньої перевірності вмісту. Будь ласка, допоможіть, додавши надійні, незалежні авторитетні джерела та змінивши на їхній основі цю статт

 

Museo Arqueológico de Adana Edificio del museoUbicaciónPaís TurquíaLocalidad AdanaCoordenadas 36°59′42″N 35°18′49″E / 36.995135, 35.313741Tipo y coleccionesTipo Museo de arqueologíaHistoria y gestiónCreación 1924[editar datos en Wikidata] El Museo Arqueológico de Adana (en turco Adana Arkeoloji Müzesi) es uno de los museos arqueológicos de Turquía. Está ubicado en la ciudad de Adana, situada en la provincia de su mismo nombre. Historia El museo ...

Andeca AndeciLagu oleh Oslan HuseinSisi-BKo' UntuangDirilis1962 (1962)FormatPelat 7GenreCha-cha-chápopDurasi2:19[1]LabelIrama SP. 82PenciptaOslan HuseinKronologi singel Oslan Husein Si Nandi-Nandi (1962) Andeca Andeci (1962) Andeca Andeci adalah sebuah lagu yang diciptakan dan dinyanyikan oleh penyanyi asal Indonesia, Oslan Husein, diiringi orkes Gema Irama pimpinan Jack Lesmana, serta pertama kali muncul dalam film Kasih Tak Sampai pada tahun 1961. Lagu ini kemudian dirilis seb...

 

King of France from 1715 to 1774 Louis XVPortrait c. 1763King of France (more...) Reign1 September 1715 – 10 May 1774Coronation25 October 1722Reims CathedralPredecessorLouis XIVSuccessorLouis XVIRegentPhilippe II, Duke of Orléans (1715–1723)Chief ministers See list Guillaume Dubois(1715–1723) Louis Henri I, Prince of Condé(1723–1726) André-Hercule de Fleury(1726–1743) The Duke of Choiseul(1758–1770) BornLouis, Duke of Anjou(1710-02-15)15 February 1710Palace of Versailles,...

 

この項目では、国家について説明しています。その他の用法については「チャド (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 チャド共和国 République du Tchad (フランス語)جمهوريّة تشاد (アラビア語) (国旗) (国章) 国の標語:Unité - Travail - Progrès(フランス語: 統一 - 労働 - 進歩) 国歌:La Tchadienne(フランス語)チャドの歌 公用語 フランス語、アラビア語 首都 ンジ...

Type of formal neckwear Two pairs of starched bands, as made by Shepherd & Woodward and Ede & Ravenscroft Bands[a] are a form of formal neckwear, worn by some clergy and lawyers, and with some forms of academic dress. They take the form of two oblong pieces of cloth, usually though not invariably white, which are tied to the neck. When worn by clergy, they typically are attached to a clerical collar. The word bands is usually plural because they require two similar parts and d...

 

Centro industrial de Milano. O milagre econômico italiano (em italiano: il miracolo economico) é o nome usado frequentemente por historiadores, economistas e meios de comunicação social[1] para designar o período prolongado de sustentado crescimento econômico em Itália compreendido entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e o final dos anos 1960, e em particular os anos 1958-63[2]. Esta fase da história italiana, representou não apenas uma pedra angular para o desenvolvimento econômi...

 

Umeå Institute of DesignUIDDesignhögskolan i UmeåTypePublicEstablished1989Parent institutionUmeå UniversityAcademic staff40Students150Doctoral students6LocationUmeå, SwedenCampusUrbanAffiliationsEUAWebsiteUmeå Institute of Design The Umeå Institute of Design, UID, is an institute within Umeå University. UID opened in 1989 and is designed and equipped solely for the teaching of industrial design, transportation design, and interaction design. The Umeå Institute of Design is situated b...

Karlstad, Sweden redirects here. For the city, see Karlstad. Municipality in Värmland County, SwedenKarlstad Municipality Karlstads kommunMunicipalityKarlstad Courthouse Coat of armsCoordinates: 59°23′N 13°32′E / 59.383°N 13.533°E / 59.383; 13.533CountrySwedenCountyVärmland CountySeatKarlstadGovernment • Chairman of City Executive BoardPer-Samuel Nisser (M) • Deputy Chairs of City Executive BoardLinda Larsson (S) and Maria Frisk (MP)Ar...

 

Sarang lebah alami di bawah ranting Sarang lebah alami di celah pohon Sarang lebah adalah struktur yang digunakan oleh lebah sebagai tempat tinggal dan membesarkan anak-anaknya. Bagian dalam dari sarang lebah berupa kumpulan struktur berbentuk heksagonal yang terbuat dari semacam lilin. Lebah menggunakan ruang heksagonal ini untuk menyimpan madu, polen lebah, telur, larva, dan pupa lebah. Sarang lebah alami Lebah di alam menggunakan gua, celah di bebatuan dan pohon sebagai tempat untuk membua...

 

←→Июнь Пн Вт Ср Чт Пт Сб Вс       1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30     2023 год Содержание 1 Праздники и памятные дни 1.1 Международные 1.2 Национальные 1.3 Религиозные 1.4 Именины 2 События 2.1 До XIX века 2.2 XIX век 2.3 XX век 2.4 XXI век 3 Родились 3.1 До XIX века 3.2 XIX век 3.3 X...

City in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States For other uses, see Vineland (disambiguation). City in New JerseyVineland, New JerseyCityDowntown Vineland FlagSealwordmarkMotto: A Harvest of Opportunities in the Heart of the NortheastLocation of Vineland in Cumberland County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Cumberland County in New Jersey highlighted in red (left).VinelandLocation in Cumberland CountyShow map of Cumberland County, New JerseyVinelandLocation in New ...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Бойцовая рыбка (значения). Бойцовая рыбка Самка бойцовой рыбки (дикий тип) Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:Хордовы...

 

American actor (1940–2012) For other people named Richard Lynch, see Richard Lynch (disambiguation). Richard LynchBornRichard Hugh Lynch(1940-02-12)February 12, 1940Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.DiedJune 19, 2012(2012-06-19) (aged 72)Yucca Valley, California, U.S.Other namesRichard H. LynchAlma materThe Actors Studio,HB StudioOccupationActorYears active1967–2012Spouse(s)Béatrix Lynch (divorced)Lily LynchChildren1RelativesBarry Lynch (brother)AwardsSaturn Award for ...

Overview of the presence, role and impact of Hinduism in Malawi Hinduism by country Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Western Sahara Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwa...

 

Pharmaceutical company, now Viatris Mylan N.V.Trade nameMylan N.V.FormerlyMilanTypePublic (under Dutch law)IndustryPharmaceuticalsFounded1961 (1961) in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, United StatesFoundersMilan PuskarDon PanozDefunctNovember 16, 2020; 3 years ago (2020-11-16)Fatemerged with Upjohn to form ViatrisSuccessorViatrisHeadquartersCanonsburg, Pennsylvania, United StatesProductsGeneric and specialty pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredientsDivi...

 

1958 studio album by Don GibsonNo One Stands AloneStudio album by Don GibsonReleasedDecember 1958Recorded1958StudioRCA Studios, Nashville, TennesseeGenreCountry, gospelLabelRCA VictorProducerChet AtkinsDon Gibson chronology Oh Lonesome Me(1958) No One Stands Alone(1958) That Gibson Boy(1959) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic link No One Stands Alone is a studio album by American country singer Don Gibson, released in 1958. It was reissued on CD in 2000 by BMG with ...

Town in Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New GuineaBuinTownMain Street, 1978BuinLocation in Papua New GuineaCoordinates: 6°44′46″S 155°41′06″E / 6.746°S 155.685°E / -6.746; 155.685Country Papua New GuineaProvinceAutonomous Region of BougainvilleDistrictSouth Bougainville DistrictPopulation (2018) • Total750[1]Time zoneUTC+10 (AEST)ClimateAf: Tropical rainforest climate Buin is a town on Bougainville Island, and the capi...

 

سفارة الهند في الولايات المتحدة الهند الولايات المتحدة الإحداثيات 38°54′40″N 77°02′49″W / 38.9111°N 77.0469°W / 38.9111; -77.0469 البلد الولايات المتحدة  المكان واشنطن العاصمة الاختصاص الولايات المتحدة  الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   سفارة الهند في...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!