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Charles Pfizer
Charles Pfizer
	Pfizer, c. 1894
Born	Karl Christian Friedrich Pfizer; March 22, 1824; Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Württemberg
Died	October 19, 1906 (aged 82); Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.
Nationality	German, American
Occupation	Chemist
Years active	1849–1900
Known for	Co-founder of Pfizer
Spouse	Anna Hausch (m. 1859)
Children	6

Karl Christian Friedrich Pfizer (German: [kaʁl ˈpfɪtsɐ]; March 22, 1824 – October 19, 1906), known as Charles Pfizer, was a German-American businessman and chemist who co-founded the Pfizer pharmaceutical company with his cousin, Charles F. Erhart, in 1849, as Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc.

Life and family

He was born Karl Christian Friedrich^[1]^[2] to Karl Frederick Pfizer and Caroline Klotz. Like his older cousin, future business partner and brother-in-law, Karl Erhart, Pfizer was born in Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Württemberg^[3] (now Germany).^[4] During his early years, he worked as an apothecary's apprentice.^[5] He emigrated to the United States in October 1848.^[6]

Pfizer married Anna Hausch, in 1859, in his hometown of Ludwigsburg. He met Hausch during one of his trips to Europe to establish contacts with exporters of raw materials.^[7] The couple had six children, five of whom survived to adulthood: Charles Jr (1860–1928), Gustavus (1861–1944), Emile (1864–1941), Helen Julia (born 1866, who married Sir Frederick Duncan, 2nd Baronet),^[8] Alice (who married Baron Bachofen von Echt [de] of Austria), and Ann (1875–1876).^[9] Charles and Emile also worked for Pfizer's company.^[7] The family lived at Brooklyn's upscale Clinton Hill.^[7] Pfizer built a Lutheran Church in New York.^[10]

Career

In 1849, he borrowed US$2,500 from his father to buy a commercial building in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. He then co-founded Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc.^[11] Due to Pfizer's experience in chemistry and his partner's background as a confectioner, the company was initially engaged in the manufacture of food flavorings, iodine preparations, and citric acid for softdrink production.^[5] They also produced santonin, an antiparasitic, later expanding production to other chemicals.^[3]

Pfizer's partner and cousin, Charles F. Erhart, also wed his sister, Frances,^[12] becoming his brother-in-law. When Erhart died, in 1891, their partnership agreement came into effect, which stipulated that the surviving partner could buy the other's share of the company for half of its inventory value. Pfizer promptly exercised this option, paying his partner's heirs $119,350 for Erhart's half of the business.^[3] He remained as the head of the company for 51 years, until 1900, when it was incorporated. Charles Pfizer Jr. then became the company's first president; he was later succeeded by his brother, Emile.^[3]

1906 injury and death

Pfizer died on October 19, 1906^[5] at his summer home, "Lindgate", in Newport, Rhode Island; his main residence was in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn. His death followed a fall down stairs, a few weeks prior, in which he broke an arm and was further injured.^[13] He was buried at New York's Green-Wood Cemetery.^[5]

References

^ German-American Business Biographies. E-knihy jedou. 2001. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-9703748-1-3. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
^ Ivan Kazimour. Historie zdravotnictvi. E-knihy jedou. p. 283. ISBN 978-80-7512-758-7. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "History: Charles Pfizer". Pfizer. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
^ Pfannstiel, Mario A.; Kassel, Kristin; Rasche, Christoph (2020). Innovationen und Innovationsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen: Technologien, Produkte und Dienstleistungen voranbringen (in German). Weisbaden: Springer-Verlag. p. 360. ISBN 978-3-658-28642-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lee, Laura (2001). The Name's Familiar II. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing. p. 270. ISBN 1-56554-822-1.
^ U.S. Passport Application for Charles Pfizer, May 1899; National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington D.C.; NARA Series: Passport Applications, 1795–1905; Roll #: 525; Volume #: Roll 525 – May 11, 1899 – May 19, 1899
^ ^a ^b ^c Ziegler-McPherson, Christina A. (2021). The Great Disappearing Act: Germans in New York City, 1880–1930. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-1-9788-2319-8.
^ "Sir Oliver Duncan". The New York Times. September 26, 1964.
^ "Charles Pfizer". Immigrant Entrepreneurship. January 1, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
^ Sacred Havens of Brooklyn: Spiritual Places and Peaceful Grounds. Arcadia. May 21, 2013. ISBN 9781625840516.
^ "Trade catalogs from Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc". National Museum of American History. Smithsonian. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
^ Vereinigung des Adels in Bayern e. V. (Hrsg.): Genealogisches Handbuch des in Bayern immatrikulierten Adels, Band XV, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, p. 452.
^ "Charles Pfizer". The New York Times. October 21, 1906.

External links

Charles Pfizer at Pfizer.com
Stevenson, William. "Charles Pfizer." In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 2, edited by William J. Hausman. German Historical Institute.
Charles Pfizer at Find a Grave