Konferensi Teheran

Kiri hingga kanan: Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet Joseph Stalin, Presiden Amerika Franklin D. Roosevelt, dan Perdana Menteri Britania Raya Winston Churchill.

Konferensi Teheran ( nama sandi: EUREKA ) adalah pertemuan dari Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt dan Winston Churchill yang dilangsungkan pada tanggal 28 November hingga 1 Desember 1943 di Teheran, Iran. Ini adalah konferensi yang pertama dari serangkaian konferensi Perang Dunia II yang dilaksanakan oleh Sekutu Perang Dunia II yaitu Uni Soviet, Amerika Serikat, dan Britania Raya) yang dihadiri oleh Stalin dan digantikan pada Konferensi Kairo serta didampingi pada Konferensi Yalta and Konferensi Potsdam. Fokus pembicaraan adalah atas pembukaan front kedua di Eropa Barat. Dan pada saat yang bersamaan pada acara terpisah, ketiga negara tersebut mengakui kemerdekaan Iran.

"Ketiga negara menyadari bahwa perang telah mengakibatkan kesulitan ekonomi bagi Iran, dan mereka menyetujui akan melanjutkan tersedianya bantuan ekonomi bagi pemerintahan Iran sepanjang dimungkinkan, dengan memperhatikan beratnya beban kebutuhan di antara mereka yang disebabkan oleh operasi militer diseluruh dunia, dan kebutuhan transportasi, bahan baku, suplai bahan makanan untuk penduduk sipil" (Deklarasi dari tiga kekuatan dunia mengenai Iran —1 Desember 1943).

Hal yang terpenting atas penyelenggaraan konferensi ini adalah membuat perencanaan strategi terakhir dalam peperangan melawan Nazi Jerman beserta sekutu-sekutunya.

Kesimpulan

  1. Disepakati bahwa kaum Partisan Yugoslavia harus diberikan dukungan perbekalan dan perlatan dan juga oleh komando operasi.
  2. Disepakati bahwa sangat diperlukan sekali bergabungnya Turki sebelum akhir tahun sebagai sekutu dalam peperangan.
  3. Apabila Turki bergabung dalam peperangan maka Uni Soviet harus memberikan dukungannya.
  4. Dicatatkan pada 30 November bahwa Operasi Overlord ( Pendaratan Normandia ) akan dilangsungkan pada sekitar bulan Mei 1944, sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan operasi melawan selatan Prancis.
  5. Disepakati bahwa staf militer dari Tiga Kekuatan harus senantiasa berhubungan satu sama lainnya.
  6. Britania Raya dan Amerika berjanji kepada Stalin bahwa mereka akan mengirimkan pasukan ke wilayah Eropa Barat. Disepakati pula bahwa pasukan tersebut akan tiba disana pada musim semi pada tahun 1944.
  7. Atas desakan Stalin, perbatasan sebelum perang Polandia ditetapkan disepanjang sungai Oder dan Neisse dan garis demarkasi Curzon Batas Curzon.[1]
  8. Untuk sementara disetujui pula adanya suatu Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa.
  9. Uni Soviet menyetujui untuk membiayai perang melawan Jepang setelah Jerman menyerah.

Deklarasi Tiga Kekuatan

Deklarasi dari Tiga Kekuatan pada tanggal 1 Desember 1943 "Kami, Presiden Amerika Serikat, Perdana Menteri Britania Raya, dan Pemimpin Uni Soviet, telah bertemu selama empat hari di ibu kota dari sekutu kami, Iran dan telah menetapkan arah serta menegaskan kebijakan kami."


Bacaan lanjut

  • Best, Geoffrey. Churchill: A Study in Greatness. London: Hambledon and London, 2001.
  • Clemens, Diane S. "Yalta Conference." World Book. 2006 ed. vol. 21. 2006, 549.
  • "Cold War: Teheran Declaration." CNN. 1998. 26 March 2006.<http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/01/documents/yalta.html Diarsipkan 2006-01-18 di Wayback Machine.>.
  • Meacham, John. Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship. New York: Random House Inc., 2003.
  • O’Neil, William L. World War II: a Student Companion. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.
  • Perisco, Joseph E. Roosevelt’s Secret War. New York: Random House, 2001.
  • “Portraits of Presidents: Franklin D. Roosevelt.” School Arts Magazine Feb. 1999: 37. Student Research Center. EBSCO Host. Philadelphia. 2 April 2006. Keyword: FDR.
  • Snyder, Louis L. World War II. New York: Grolier Company, 1981.
  • Sulzberger, C L. American Heritage New History of World War II. Ed. Stephen E. Ambrose. New York: Viking Penguin, 1998.
  • "Teheran Conference." Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 24 March 2006. Wikipedia Foundation. 26 March 2006.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference>.
  • "Western Betrayal." Wikipedia Encyclopedia. 29 March 2006. Wikipedia Foundation. 2 April 2006.< http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_betrayal>.
  • Yalta Conference. Funk and Wagnells New Encyclopedia. World Almanac Education Group, 2003. SIRS DISCOVER. Philadelphia. 2 April 2006. Keyword: Yalta Conference.
  • Miscellaneous No. 8 (1947) Military Conclusions of the Tehran Conference. Tehran, 1st December, 1943. British Parliamentary Papers. By Royal Command. CMD 7092 Presented by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to Parliament by Command of His Majesty.

Pranala luar

Referensi

  1. ^ Garis demarkasi Curzon adalah garis demarkasi yang diusulkan pada 1920 oleh Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Sekretaris Luar Negeri Inggris sebagai suatu kemungkinan garis batas gencatan senjata antara Polandia kearah barat dan Rusia (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic -Russian SFSR) kearah timur selama berlangsungnya perang Polandia-Sovyet pada tahun 1919–1920.

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