隆頭魚科

隆头鱼科
化石时期:始新世至现今
新月锦鱼 Thalassoma lunare
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
类: 棘鰭類 Acanthopterygii
亚类: 鲈形亚类 Percomorphaceae
系: 真鲈形系 Eupercaria
目: 隆头鱼目 Labriformes
科: 隆头鱼科 Labridae
Cuvier, 1816
模式属
隆头鱼属
Labrus
Linnaeus, 1758
亞科
多样性[1][2][3]
87属约630种

隆頭魚科学名Labridae)為隆頭魚目Labriformes)的唯一一個[4],属輻鰭魚綱真骨下纲,传统上也被归类于广义的鱸形目。 71属,约500种[1]。广布于全世界热带和温带海域,以珊瑚礁中为最丰富。体长5—200厘米(2.0—78.7英寸)不等。

分布

魚類廣泛分布於全球熱帶、副熱帶之珊瑚礁海域。[1]

深度

從淺的潮間帶到水深50至60公尺處,甚至有些魚種可棲息於200公尺或更深的海域。[1]

特徵

在體形及體長大小的變異大,體型由長橢圓形到延長型及側扁程度大小亦不一。體被圓鱗,頭部完全裸出,唯頰部鰓蓋有時被鱗。口小型或中等,端位,可伸縮,唇上通常有肉。體唯一列或兩列之圓錐齒,前方通常為犬齒,有時亦長於嘴角處,各齒均不癒合。喉部具有上下兩列之咽喉齒。背鰭1枚且長;臀鰭有2至3枚硬棘。側線鱗列連續或中斷。[1]

分類

本目属于真鲈形系,与拟鲉鲈科䲢形目等为姐妹群,演化关系如下[4]

真鲈形系

弱棘鱼科 Malacanthidae

麗花鮨科 Callanthiidae

笛鲷目 Lutjaniformes

蓋刺魚科 Pomacanthidae

諧魚科 Emmelichthyidae

刺尾鲷目 Acanthuriformes

銀鱗鯧科 Monodactylidae

石首鱼科 Sciaenidae

蝴蝶鱼目 Chaetodontiformes

魨形目 Tetraodontiformes

鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes

菱鲷目 Caproiformes

大眼鲷目 Priacanthiformes

金錢魚科 Scatophagidae

藍子魚科 Siganidae

鲷形目 Spariformes

松鲷目 Lobotiformes

白鲳目 Ephippiformes

狼鲈科 Moronidae

鱚科 Sillaginidae

日鲈目 Centrarchiformes

拟金眼鲷目 Pempheriformes

鲈形目 Perciformes

隆头鱼目 Labriformes

拟鲉鲈科 Centrogenyidae

䲢形目 Uranoscopiformes

银鲈目 Gerreiformes

Eupercaria

依2017年《硬骨魚系統分類》,爲了解決本科的並系群問題,鸚哥魚科Scaridae)及岩鱚科Odacidae)也被包含進隆頭魚科成為其亞科,因此合共8個亞科87個屬634種,如下[1][2][3]

普提鱼亚科 Bodianinae

普提魚屬Bodianus

豬齒魚屬Choerodon

唇鱼亚科 Cheilininae

唇魚屬Cheilinus

絲隆頭魚屬Cirrhilabrus

又稱絲鰭鸚鯛屬

鈍頭魚屬Cymolutes

伸口魚屬Epibulus

美鰭魚屬Novaculichthys

  • 花尾美鰭魚 Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède, 1801):又稱帶尾新隆魚。

尖唇魚屬Oxycheilinus

擬小眼唇魚屬Pseudocheilinops

擬唇魚屬Pseudocheilinus

長鰭鸚鯛屬Pteragogus

又稱高體盔魚屬

濕鸚鯛屬Wetmorella

盔鱼亚科 Corinae

阿南魚屬Anampses

管唇魚屬Cheilio

盔魚屬Coris

海豬魚屬Halichoeres

厚唇魚屬Hemigymnus

又稱半裸魚屬。

細鱗盔魚屬Hologymnosus

大咽齒鯛屬Macropharyngodon

副海豬魚屬Parajulis

  • 花鰭海豬魚 Parajulis poecilepterus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845):又稱花鰭副海豬魚。

擬盔魚屬Pseudocoris

擬海豬魚屬Pseudojuloides

又稱似虹錦魚屬。

岬擬海豬魚屬Sagittalarva

紫胸魚屬Stethojulis

錦魚屬Thalassoma

刺隆頭魚屬Acantholabrus

藍唇魚屬Achoerodus

豬唇魚屬Anchichoerops

澳隆頭魚屬Austrolabrus

棘隆頭魚屬Centrolabrus

尖胸隆頭魚屬Clepticus

無腹隆頭魚屬Conniella

梳隆頭魚屬Ctenolabrus

裸齒隆頭魚屬Decodon

雙臀刺隆頭魚屬Diproctacanthus

矛背隆頭魚屬Doratonotus

海神隆頭魚屬Dotalabrus

鸚隆頭魚屬Eupetrichthys

前唇隆頭魚屬Frontilabrus

尖嘴魚屬Gomphosus

突唇魚屬Labrichthys

裂唇魚屬Labroides

褶唇魚屬Labropsis

隆頭魚屬Labrus

毛唇隆頭魚屬Lachnolaimus

拉潘隆頭魚屬Lappanella

拉隆魚屬Larabicus

尖豬魚屬Leptojulis

又稱藍胸魚屬

軟鰭隆頭魚屬Malapterus

細唇隆頭魚屬Minilabrus

奈拉布隆頭魚屬Nelabrichthys

新絲隆頭魚屬Neocirrhilabrus

背唇隆頭魚屬Notolabrus

似美鰭魚屬Novaculoides

毛利隆頭魚屬Ophthalmolepis

尖隆頭魚屬Oxyjulis

副唇魚屬Paracheilinus

繡隆頭魚屬Pictilabrus

多鱗普提魚屬Polylepion

擬隆頭魚屬Pseudolabrus

突額隆頭魚屬Semicossyphus

蘇彝士隆頭魚屬Suezichthys

扁隆頭魚屬Symphodus

梳唇隆頭魚屬Tautoga

擬梳唇隆頭魚屬Tautogolabrus

異錦魚屬Xenojulis

劍唇魚屬Xiphocheilus

拟岩𬶮亚科 Pseudodacinae

擬岩鱚屬Pseudodax

又稱擬鑿牙魚屬

连鳍唇鱼亚科 Xyrichtyinae

砂棲唇魚屬Ammolabrus

項鰭魚屬Iniistius

軟棘唇魚屬Novaculops

連鰭唇魚屬Xyrichtys

岩鱚亞科 Odacinae

海岩鱚屬Haletta

新岩鱚屬Neoodax

岩鱚屬Odax

副岩鱚屬Parodax

管頜魚屬Siphonognathus

大鸚嘴魚屬Bolbometopon

絢鸚嘴魚屬Calotomus

鯨鸚嘴魚屬Cetoscarus

綠鸚嘴魚屬Chlorurus

隱鸚嘴魚屬Cryptotomus

馬鸚嘴魚屬Hipposcarus

纖鸚嘴魚屬Leptoscarus

  • 纖鸚嘴魚 Leptoscarus vaigiensis :又稱纖鸚鯉、藍斑纖鸚嘴魚。

尼氏鸚嘴魚屬Nicholsina

鸚嘴魚屬Scarus

鸚鯛屬Sparisoma

圖集

生態

大部分種類生活於淺海,但亦有些種類可居於200公尺以上的海底。通常以珊瑚礁為底質,有些則生活於沙地上,但當有危險時,則鑽入沙中躲避。屬於日行性魚類,夜間睡於沙地。具有強而有力的咽喉齒,故大部分之種類以具堅硬外殼的貝類甲殼類海膽等為食,但亦有其他食性,如浮游生物食者、珊瑚蟲食者、魚食者及以清潔行為取得之際生性無脊椎動物為食。他們大都體色鮮艷,且圖案複雜。幼魚體色往往和成魚不同,而且許多種類之雌雄之體色亦有所不同。通常性別兩色的情形,伴隨著由雌魚成長後,性別轉變成雄魚。即開始型的雄魚,具較平淡的體色,經性轉變後,成為體色鮮艷的終端型雄魚。終端型雄魚通常有領域性,在其領土內,存有一與之交配的成熟雌魚及數條性別不明顯的幼魚。終端型雄魚通常一夫一妻之生殖行為。而不經性轉變的雌魚,則是成群的產卵。

經濟利用

多為不具經濟重要性的食用魚,有些種類體色鮮艷,可當作觀賞魚。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2020). Labridae. FishBase. Version 2020-01.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2020). Scaridae. FishBase. Version 2020-04.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2020). Odacidae. FishBase. Version 2020-04.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2017-07-06, 17: 162 [2019-01-07]. ISSN 1471-2148. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. (原始内容存档于2019-03-22). 
  5. ^ Sergey V. Bogorodsky, Tilman J. Alpermann and Ahmad O. Mal. 2016. Redescription of Cheilinus quinquecinctus Rüppell, 1835 (Pisces: Perciformes, Labridae), A Valid Endemic Red Sea Wrasse. Zootaxa. 4158(4); 451–472. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4158.4.1
  6. ^ Tomoka Iino and Hiroyuki Motomura. 2022. Pteragogus turdus, A New Species of Wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-022-00875-0
  7. ^ Allen, G. R. (1983). A new genus and species of wrasse (Pisces: Labridae) from Rowley Shoals, Western Australia. Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie. 10 (2): 43-46.

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