^André Vauchez、Richard Barrie Dobson、Adrian Walford、Michael Lapidge. Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Routledge. 2000年: 第361頁. ISBN 1579582826(英语).
^Steven Runciman. The Sicilian Vespers: a history of the Mediterranean world in the later thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press. 1958年: 第39頁. ISBN 0521437741(英语).
^Deno John Geanakoplos. Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches. Univ of Wisconsin Press. 1989年: 第173頁. ISBN 0299118843(英语).
^John Bernard Burke、Ursula Betka、Roger Scott. Byzantine narrative: papers in honour of Roger Scott. Australian Association for Byzantine Studies. John Bernard Burke、Ursula Betka、Roger Scott: 第448頁. ISBN 1876503246(英语).请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^Elisabeth Piltz. From Constantine the Great to Kandinsky: studies in Byzantine and post-Byzantine art and architecture. Archaeopress. 2007年: 第14頁. ISBN 1407301047(英语).
^Nevra Necipoğlu. Byzantine Constantinople: monuments, topography, and everyday life. BRILL. 2001年: 第168頁. ISBN 9004116257(英语).
^Wolfram Brandes、Wolfram Brandes、Helmut Krasser、Hartmut Leppin、Alexander Demandt、Peter Von Mollendorff、Alexander Demandt、Hartmut Leppin、Helmut Krasser、Peter von Mollendorff. Millennium- Jahrbuch/ Millennium Yearbook: Jahrbuch zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr./ Yearbook on the Culture and History of the First Millennium C. E.. Walter de Gruyter. 2004年: 第391頁. ISBN 3110180359(德语).