為了推廣佛洛伊德的學說,學會成員們在1909年創辦了《精神分析與精神病理學研究年刊》(Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen,榮格擔任主編),1910年創辦《精神分析中心冊頁》(Zentralblatt für Psychoanalyse,阿德勒和斯特克爾主編),1911年創辦《Imago》(蘭克主編),1913年創辦《国际精神分析杂志》(Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse,蘭克主編)[41]。國際精神分析學會也在1910年成立,榮格擔任會長[42]。
1930年,佛洛伊德獲得歌德奖[47]。但1933年1月,納粹黨掌權後就在德國將他的書列為禁書、並焚毀。納粹德國佔領奧地利後,他的女兒安娜被蓋世太保逮捕,遭到審問。不過安娜最後還是平安地回到了家中。此事使得佛洛伊德下定決心逃離奧地利。先前已經逃到倫敦的歐內斯特·瓊斯聯繫了英國內政大臣薩繆爾·霍爾,獲得了佛洛伊德的移民許可。此外,皇家學會會長威廉·亨利·布拉格也寫信給英國外交大臣愛德華·伍德向柏林和維也納施壓。曾找佛洛伊德看過病的美國駐法大使小威廉·克里斯蒂安·布利特則寫信給美國總統富蘭克林·D·羅斯福求援,於是美國駐維也納領事約翰·庫珀·威利(John Cooper Wiley)也為佛洛伊德暗中提供了保護。安娜被蓋世太保放回就有他的功勞。[48]
佛洛伊德去世後三天,他的遺體在倫敦北部的格德斯格林火葬场(Golders Green Crematorium)火化[58]。葬禮上致悼詞的是歐內斯特·瓊斯和斯蒂芬·茨威格。佛洛伊德的骨灰現在仍放置在火葬場的弗洛伊德角(Freud Corner),骨灰盒的基座是他的兒子恩斯特設計的[59]。骨灰盒本身則是一個古希臘的双耳喷口杯,上面繪有狄俄倪索斯的故事。這個陶壺是瑪麗·波拿巴送給佛洛伊德的禮物。佛洛伊德的妻子瑪莎去世後,骨灰也安置於此處。[60]
科學家做過很多測試弗洛伊德學說的實驗[85]。1934年,弗洛伊德在給心理學家索爾·羅森茨威格的一封信中說他的理論“與实验验证不相干”[86]。但西摩·費雪(Seymour Fisher)和羅傑·格林堡(Roger P. Greenberg)在1996年表示弗洛伊德的很多主觀點都是有證據的。[87]
汉斯·艾森克在《弗洛伊德帝國的衰退》(Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire,1985)一書中批評弗洛伊德,說他的理論使得心理學和精神病學的研究倒退了至少五十年[88],馬爾科姆·馬克西米連(Malcolm Macmillan)在《弗洛伊德评估》(Freud Evaluated,1991)中說“弗洛伊德的方法是無法用與心理過程有關的客觀數據來證實的”[89]。理查德·韋伯斯特(Richard Webster)在《為什麼弗洛伊德是錯的》(Why Freud Was Wrong,1995)中說精神分析學可能是有史以來最成功、最複雜的偽科學[90]。
科學哲學家卡爾·波普認為一切合理的科學理論,均具備證偽的可能,但弗洛伊德的心理學理論難以被證偽,因此不具備科學性[91]。阿道夫·格伦鲍姆在《精神分析學基礎》(The Foundations of Psychoanalysis,1984)中說波普的說法並不對,因為很多弗洛伊德的理論是可以從經驗上證明的[92][93]。罗杰·史克鲁顿在《性慾》(Sexual Desire,1986)一書中說弗洛伊德的抑制理論等確實是可以被證實的。但他仍然認為精神分析學太過於依賴隱喻,並非真正的科學。[94]
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^Noel Sheehy; Alexandra Forsythe. Sigmund Freud. Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 978-1-134-70493-4.
^Kandel, Eric R. (2012). The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present, pp. 45–46. New York: Random House.
^Freud 1896c, pp. 203, 211, 219; Eissler 2005, p. 96
^John Forrester, Introduction; Sigmund Freud. Interpreting Dreams. Penguin Books Limited. 2006: 70. ISBN 978-0-14-191553-1. Affiliated Professor seems to me to be the best translation of professor extraordinarius, which position has the rank of full Professor, but without payment by the University.
^Phillips, Adam (2014) Becoming Freud Yale University Press. p. 139.
^Sulloway, Frank J. Reassessing Freud's case histories: the social construction of psychoanalysis. Isis. 1991, 82 (2): 245–75. PMID 1917435. doi:10.1086/355727.
^Martin Miller(1998) Freud and the Bolsheviks, Yale University Press, pp. 24, 45
^Jones, Ernest (1964) Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Edited and abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books pp. 334, 352, 361
^Chaney, Edward (2006). 'Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Religion', Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines, eds. M. Ascari and A. Corrado. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, Chaney'Freudian Egypt', The London Magazine (April/May 2006), pp. 62–69, and Chaney, 'Moses and Monotheism, by Sigmund Freud', 'The Canon', THE (Times Higher Education), 3–9 June 2010, No. 1, 950, p. 53.
^Burke, Janine The Sphinx at the Table: Sigmund Freud's Art Collection and the Development of Psychoanalysis, New York: Walker and Co. 2006, p. 340.
^Freud, Sigmund. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol. XIX. Translated from the German under the General Editorship of James Strachey. In collaboration with Anna Freud. Assisted by Alix Strachey and Alan Tyson, Vintage, 1999. [Reprint.] ISBN0-09-929622-5
^Wollheim, Richard (1971). Freud. London, Fontana Press, pp. 157–76
^Freud, Standard Edition, vol. 7, 1906, p. 274; S.E. 14, 1914, p. 18; S.E. 20, 1925, p. 34; S.E. 22, 1933, p. 120; Schimek, J.G. (1987), Fact and Fantasy in the Seduction Theory: a Historical Review. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, xxxv: 937–65; Esterson, Allen. Jeffrey Masson and Freud's seduction theory: a new fable based on old myths. History of the Human Sciences. 1998, 11 (1): 1–21 [2020-04-23]. doi:10.1177/095269519801100101. (原始内容存档于2008-11-03).
^Frosh, Stephen. The Politics of Psychoanalysis. London: Macmillan. 1987: 1. ISBN 0-333-39614-6. one of the strongest influences on twentieth-century thought, its impact comparable only to that of Darwinism and Marxism.
^Stevens, Richard. Freud and Psychoanalysis. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. 1985: 96. ISBN 978-0-335-10180-1. the number of relevant studies runs into thousands
^Fisher, Seymour & Greenberg, Roger P. Freud Scientifically Reappraised: Testing the Theories and Therapy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996, pp. 13–15, 284–85
^Eysenck, Hans. Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire. Harmondsworth: Pelican. 1986: 202.
^Malcolm Macmillan, Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc, MIT Press, 1997, p. xxiii. 引用:Freud's method is not capable of yielding objective data about mental processes
^Nathan G. Hale, The Rise and Crisis of Psychoanalysis in the United States, 1917–1985, Oxford University Press, 1995 (pp. 300–21).
^Alan A. Stone, "Where Will Psychoanalysis Survive?" Keynote address to the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 9 December 1995. Alan A. Stone, M.D. Original Address. [2012-11-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-27).
^Paul E. Stepansky, Psychoanalysis at the Margins, 2009, New York: Other Press, pp. 11, 14.
^Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell III, John L.; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle. The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. Review of General Psychology. 2002, 6 (2): 139–152 [2020-05-11]. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. (原始内容存档于2017-01-29).