色當戰役 (1940年)

色當戰役
第二次世界大戰法國戰役的一部分

1940年5月15日德軍在色當附近的馬斯河橫渡。
日期1940年5月12日–15日
地点49°42′9″N 4°56′33″E / 49.70250°N 4.94250°E / 49.70250; 4.94250
结果 德國勝利[1][2]
参战方
法國 法國
英国 英国
納粹德國 德國
指挥官与领导者
参战单位
  • 第55步兵師
  • 第71步兵師
第19軍(下轄第1第2第10裝甲師
兵力
  • 20,000人
  • 300輛坦克
  • 174門火砲[3]
  • 250架飛機
  • 60,000人[4]
  • 41,000輛載具[5]
  • 771輛坦克[6]
  • 1,470架飛機[3]
  • 141門火砲[3]
  • 96艘橡皮艇
伤亡与损失
未知
  • 120人死亡 (12–14日)
  • 400人以上受傷 (12–14日)
  • 647人傷亡 (15–17日)[7]
  • 81艘橡皮艇以上

色當戰役,或稱第二次色當戰役[8](1940年5月12日至15日)发生在第二次世界大战期间的法国战役期间。它是德国国防军作战计划黄色方案的一部分,該方案計劃通过丘陵和森林覆盖的阿登地区向法軍发起进攻,以包围比利时和法国东北部的盟军。德军A集团军越过默兹河,意图夺取色当并向西推进至海峡沿岸,以困住向东挺进比利时的盟军。

色当位于默兹河东岸。它的淪陷将为德国人提供一个橋頭堡,以此夺取默兹桥并过河。德军的裝甲师随后可以穿过开阔且不设防的法国乡村,並推进到英吉利海峡。5月12日,色当在没有抵抗的情况下被占领,德军在默兹河西岸的色当周围击败了法国的防御工事。德国空军的轰炸和盟軍低落的士气大大降低了法軍的守衛力量,法国守军未能有效摧毁桥头堡。德军隨後占领了色当的默兹桥,使他们能够在河上倾注力量。5月14日,英国皇家空军法国空军联合试图摧毁这些桥梁,遭到了德国空军的反擊。在數場大型空战中盟军损失惨重,轰炸机力量損失殆盡。

法国人于5月15日至17日發起反擊,企圖攻下德国的桥头堡,但进攻因拖延和混乱而收效甚微。5月20日,即巩固桥头堡五天后,德军抵达海峡沿岸,實現了作戰目標。德國包围了包括英国远征军在内的盟军主力(法國第七軍團法國第九軍團法國第一軍團以及比利時軍隊英國遠征軍),這部分部隊不得不渡過海峽向英國疏散。德國隨後一個月的战斗摧毁了法軍,并将英国驱逐出欧洲大陆。

註記

  1. ^ Frieser 2005, p. 145.
  2. ^ Mitcham 2000, p. 38.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Frieser 2005, p. 158.
  4. ^ Frieser 2005, p. 157.
  5. ^ Krause and Cody 2006, p. 171.
  6. ^ Healy 2007, p. 44.
  7. ^ Frieser 2005, p. 210.
  8. ^ Frieser 2005, p. 196.

傳記

  • ed. Blatt, Joel. (1998). The French Defeat of 1940: Reassessments. Breghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-109-5
  • Bond, Brian & Taylor, Michael. The Battle of France and Flanders, 1940. Leo Cooper, 2001. ISBN 0-85052-811-9
  • Bond, Brian. (1990) Britain, France and Belgium, 1939–1940. Brassy's, London. ISBN 0-08-037700-9
  • Brian Bond. France and Belgium, 1939–1940. London : Davis-Poynter. 1975. ISBN 0706701682
  • Dunstan, Simon (2005). Fort Eben Emael. The key to Hitler's victory in the West. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-821-9.
  • Ellis, Major L. F, History Of The Second World War: War In France And Flanders 1939-1940. Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1845740566
  • Ellis, Major L. F. The World War II Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants. Aurum Press. 1993. ISBN 978-1854102546
  • Frieser, Karl-Heinz. The Blitzkrieg Legende. Naval Institute Press. 2005. ISBN 978-1-59114-294-2
  • Monsoor, Peter. Schwerpunkt, the second battle of Sedan, 10-15 May, 1940. Command and Staff Dept., U.S. Army Armor School 1986. ASIN: B00072V186.

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