一直以來,人們對於自殺的看法受到宗教、榮譽感和人生意義這類普遍存在的議題所影響[31][32]。亞伯拉罕諸教認為生命神聖(英语:Sanctity of life),所以自殺有違上帝旨意[33]。現在大部分西方國家已不再將自殺和自殺未遂視為非法[34],但自殺在許多國家仍屬於犯罪行為[35]。
在很多宗教中,自殺是罪惡的,有些國家的法律禁止自殺或協助他人自殺,但在部份國家的文化中,自殺有時是具有榮譽感的行為,並獲得輿論的肯定,如历史上舰只沉没船长可能会因其职责而拒绝逃生。回教认为,非正當理由的自杀是不光彩的行为;佛教认为,非正當理由的自杀仍是殺生[36],不能逃脱罪孽和痛苦,而是犯了非常重的杀戒,是極大罪業,会堕落地狱;中國道教則認為自殺的冤魂會經歷無止盡的痛苦,每天重複一次死亡的過程,直到找到替身;或者被監禁於枉死城。在西方,出于宗教信仰中生命的神圣属性,自杀经常被看作严重的犯罪行为和对創造生命的上帝大不敬。如基督宗教(天主教、東正教、新教)反對任性、無意義的自杀,但不反對能成就人性意義的自殺(如殉道)[37]。
在印度教中不允許自殺,在现代印度教社会中,自杀所犯的罪恶等同于谋杀他人所犯的罪恶。印度教经文指出,自杀者将成为孤魂,在地球上游荡直至他如果没有自杀而最终死亡的那一刻为止。[184]但印度教却接受人们拥有通过非暴力的形式加速死亡而结束自己生命的权利(right to die),这一行为在印度教中称为非暴力实践空腹死刑。[185]但这种非暴力实践空腹死刑的人群范围严格限制在那些没有任何生的欲望或抱负、且在此生也再无其他责任的人。[185]耆那教有一种类似的修行,被称之为三塔拉。在中世纪时期,殉夫自焚,又称寡妇自焚在印度教中非常普遍。
通过互联网搜索有关自杀的信息(Suicide and the Internet)所得到的页面中,约10-30%均鼓励或促进自杀的企图。有人担心,这类网站可能将那些有自杀倾向的人群最终推向行动的边缘。 有些人还在网络上与此前的朋友或近期在聊天室或留言板(Internet forum)上认识的人们一起达成自杀协定。但是,互联网还能用来为边缘人士们提供社交场所,从而防止出现自杀的情况。[193]
^De La Vega D, Giner L, Courtet P. Suicidality in Subjects With Anxiety or Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Recent Advances. Current Psychiatry Reports. March 2018, 20 (4): 26. ISSN 1523-3812. PMID 29594718. doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0885-z.
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^Sakinofsky I. The current evidence base for the clinical care of suicidal patients: strengths and weaknesses. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. June 2007, 52 (6 Suppl 1): 7S–20S. PMID 17824349. Other suicide prevention strategies that have been considered are crisis centres and hotlines, method control, and media education... There is minimal research on these strategies. Even though crisis centres and hotlines are used by suicidal youth, information about their impact on suicidal behaviour is lacking.
^Zalsman G, Hawton K, Wasserman D, van Heeringen K, Arensman E, Sarchiapone M, et al. Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. The Lancet. Psychiatry. July 2016, 3 (7): 646–59. PMID 27289303. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30030-X. hdl:1854/LU-8509936. Other approaches that need further investigation include gatekeeper training, education of physicians, and internet and helpline support.
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^Youssef NA, Rich CL. Does acute treatment with sedatives/hypnotics for anxiety in depressed patients affect suicide risk? A literature review. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 20 (3): 157–69. PMID 18633742. doi:10.1080/10401230802177698.
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^Sakinofsky, I. The current evidence base for the clinical care of suicidal patients: strengths and weaknesses. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. June 2007, 52 (6 Suppl 1): 7S–20S. PMID 17824349.
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