平等保护条款(英語:Equal Protection Clause),是美国法律术语,它保障了所有人民在法律之前均可得到同等的对待。这个条款来自美国宪法第十四修正案中,保障每名美国公民不被各州的州政府剥夺依法律享有的公民权利,以確保永久廢除奴隸制。此條款在1954年布朗訴托皮卡教育局案後,被應用於各種牽涉公民權利的官司,包括具爭議性的1973年容許墮胎全國合法化的羅訴韋德案。[1][2][3]
美国宪法第十四修正案第一款规定:
其译文如下:
該條款被美国最高法院广泛用于推翻各州歧视性法律和政策,著名案件例如:
The equal protection clause guarantees the right of "similarly situated" people to be treated the same way by the law.
The basic intent of equal protection is to make sure that people are treated as equally as possible under our legal system. For example, it is to see that everyone who gets a speeding ticket will face the samEpocedures [sic!]. A further intent is to ensure that all Americans are provided with equal opportunities in education, employment, and other areas. [...] The U.S. Constitution makes a similar provision in the Fourteenth Amendment. It says that no state shall make or enforce any law that will "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law." These provisions require the government to treat persons equally and impartially.
Equal Protection refers to the idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws. The governing body state must treat an individual in the same manner as others in similar conditions and circumstances.
Template:Equal protection and criminal procedure(英语:Template:Equal protection and criminal procedure)