三溴化锆

Zirconium(III) bromide
	IUPAC名; Zirconium tribromide
别名	溴化锆(III)
识别
CAS号	24621-18-9
PubChem	10010115
ChemSpider	8185694
SMILES	Br[Zr](Br)Br;
性质
化学式	Br3Zr
摩尔质量	330.94 g·mol−1
外观	蓝色粉末
结构
晶体结构	六方晶系
空间群	P63/mcm, No. 193
晶格常数	a = 6.728 Å, c = 6.299 Å
晶格常数	α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
相关物质
其他阴离子	三氯化锆; 三碘化锆
其他阳离子	三溴化钛; 三溴化铪（俄语：Бромид гафния(III)）
相关化学品	四溴化锆
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

三溴化锆是一种无机化合物，化学式为ZrBr₃，它是锆的溴化物之一。

制备

三溴化锆可由锆还原四溴化锆制得，但该反应不充分，产物中常常含有过量的金属：^[2]

3 ZrBr₄ + Zr → 4 ZrBr₃

制备它的替代方法是将三价锆从它的三溴化铝溶液中结晶出来，这种溶液通过用锆或铝在230–300 °C还原熔融三溴化铝中的四溴化锆得到。^[3]^[4]

结构与反应

三溴化锆相比预期d¹金属离子Zr³⁺有较小的磁矩，这说明其中有不可忽略的Zr-Zr键。^[2]它和三氯化锆及三碘化锆一样，具有β-TiCl₃结构。^[2]

它可以和氨反应，得到顺磁性的[Zr(NH₃)₆]Br₃，而相应的氯化物则会分解失去部分氨。^[5]它和过量氰化钾在液氨中反应，可以得到K₅Zr(CN)₅。^[6]

三溴化锆加热至566 °C可以歧化为二溴化锆和四溴化锆。^[7]

参考文献

^ I. E. Newnham and J. A. Watts. The Preparation of the Anhydrous Zirconium Trihalides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82 (9): 2113–2115 [2023-09-10]. doi:10.1021/ja01494a006. （原始内容存档于2022-12-21）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016: 965. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 （英语）.
^ Larsen, E. M.; Moyer, James W.; Gil-Arnao, Francisco; Camp, Michael J. Synthesis of crystalline zirconium trihalides by reduction of tetrahalides in molten aluminum halides. Nonreduction of hafnium. Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13 (3): 574–581. doi:10.1021/ic50133a015.
^ Larsen, Edwin M.; Wrazel, Julie S.; Hoard, Laurence G. Single-crystal structures of ZrX₃ (X = Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) and ZrI_3.40 synthesized in low-temperature aluminum halide melts. Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21 (7): 2619–2624. doi:10.1021/ic00137a018.
^ Boyle, E. L., Dodsworth, E. S., Nicholls, D., & Ryan, T. A. (1985). The reactions of zirconium(IV) bromide and zirconium(III) bromide and chloride with ammonia and zirconium(IV) bromide with ammonium cyanide. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 100(2), 281–284. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85298-6
^ Nicholls, D., & Ryan, T. A. (1977). Complex cyanides of zirconium(0). Inorganica Chimica Acta, 21, L17–L18. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86213-1
^ Troyanov, S. I.; Marek, G. S.; Tsirel'nikov, V. I. Synthesis and study of some properties of zirconium tribromide. Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii (1974), 48(11), 2671-2674. ISSN 0044-4537. CODEN ZFKHA9.

拓展阅读

Allbutt, M., & Fowles, G. W. A. (1963). The reaction of zirconium halides with solutions of potassium and potassium amide in liquid ammonia. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 25(1), 67–74. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(63)80209-2

[1] I. E. Newnham and J. A. Watts. The Preparation of the Anhydrous Zirconium Trihalides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82 (9): 2113–2115 [2023-09-10]. doi:10.1021/ja01494a006. （原始内容存档于2022-12-21）.

[G&E-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016: 965. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 （英语）.

[Larsen74-3] Larsen, E. M.; Moyer, James W.; Gil-Arnao, Francisco; Camp, Michael J. Synthesis of crystalline zirconium trihalides by reduction of tetrahalides in molten aluminum halides. Nonreduction of hafnium. Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13 (3): 574–581. doi:10.1021/ic50133a015.

[Larsen82-4] Larsen, Edwin M.; Wrazel, Julie S.; Hoard, Laurence G. Single-crystal structures of ZrX₃ (X = Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) and ZrI_3.40 synthesized in low-temperature aluminum halide melts. Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21 (7): 2619–2624. doi:10.1021/ic00137a018.

[5] Boyle, E. L., Dodsworth, E. S., Nicholls, D., & Ryan, T. A. (1985). The reactions of zirconium(IV) bromide and zirconium(III) bromide and chloride with ammonia and zirconium(IV) bromide with ammonium cyanide. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 100(2), 281–284. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85298-6

[6] Nicholls, D., & Ryan, T. A. (1977). Complex cyanides of zirconium(0). Inorganica Chimica Acta, 21, L17–L18. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86213-1

[7] Troyanov, S. I.; Marek, G. S.; Tsirel'nikov, V. I. Synthesis and study of some properties of zirconium tribromide. Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii (1974), 48(11), 2671-2674. ISSN 0044-4537. CODEN ZFKHA9.

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三溴化锆

制备

结构与反应

参考文献

拓展阅读

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