Jina la "barabara ya hariri" limetokana na hariri ambayo kwa muda mrefu ilitengenezwa katika China pekee ikawa kati ya bidhaa zilizotafutwa sana duniani kwa bei ya juu.
Mtandao wa njia mbalimbali zilizopita Asia ya Kati
Barabara ya hariri haikuwa njia moja tu bali jumla ya njia za misafara kati ya China na nchi za Magharibi zilizopita katika Asia ya Kati.
Kulikuwa na njia za kando, hasa baharini, kati ya China na Uhindi halafu kutoka Uhindi hadi Irak au Misri. Njia za bahari zilikuwa muhimu hasa kama njia ya nchi kavu ilikatika wakati wa vita au ukosefu wa usalama. Kuna vipindi vichache ambako eneo lote la barabara ya hariri lilikuwa na usalama, hasa wakati wa utawala wa Wamongolia. Vinginevyo safari zilikuwa za hatari zikachukua muda mrefu. Bidhaa zilipita mikononi mwa wanafanyabiashara mbalimbali zikaongezewa bei njiani.
Njia ya bidhaa, watu na mawazo
Si bidhaa tu ndizo zilizosafiri kwenye barabara ya hariri. Wasafiri, sanaa, mawazo, mafundisho, dini na magonjwa walipita pia kwa njia hiyo.
Tangu mwaka 2013 serikali ya China imetangaza mpango wa "barabara mpya ya hariri" unaolenga kuimarisha na kupanua ushirikiano wa China, Asia ya Kati, Asia ya Magharibi na Ulaya, pamoja na sehemu za Afrika. Jina rasmi kwa Kiingereza ni "Belt and Road Initiative" au "Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road".
Kwa kushirikiana na nchi za maeneo hayo China imeanza kujenga au kupanua barabara na njia za reli. Kati ya miradi mingi iliyoanzishwa iko njia ya reli inayounganisha China ya magharibi na Kazakhstan na kuendelea hadi Urusi na Ulaya ya Magharibi kwa umbali wa takriban kilomita 12,000 ("New Eurasian Land Bridge"). Sehemu nyingine ni Ushoroba wa Kiuchumi wa China na Pakistan ("China–Pakistan Economic Corridor")[1] ambako barabara kuu na reli zinaunganisha China ya Magharibi na bandari mpya ya Gwadar kwenye Bahari Hindi. Bandari hii ilijengwa pia na makampuni ya China.
Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). China's Ancient Tea Horse Road. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2
Hansen, Valerie. The Silk Road: A New History (Oxford University Press; 2012) 304 pages; Combines archaeology and history in a study of seven oases
Hallikainen, Saana: Connections from Europe to Asia and how the trading was affected by the cultural exchange (2002)
Hill, John E. (2004). The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265. Draft annotated English translation. [2]
Kuzmina, E. E. The Prehistory of the Silk Road. (2008) Edited by Victor H. Mair. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. ISBN 978-0-8122-4041-2
Larsen, Jeanne. Silk Road: A Novel of Eighth-Century China. (1989; reprinted 2009)
Levy, Scott C. "Early Modern Central Asia in World History," History Compass (Nov 2012) 10#11 866–878, DOI:10.1111/hic3.12004
Liu, Xinru, and Shaffer, Lynda Norene. 2007. Connections Across Eurasia: Transportation, Communication, and Cultural Exchange on the Silk Roads. McGraw Hill, New York. ISBN 978-0-07-284351-4.
Miller, Roy Andrew (1959): Accounts of Western Nations in the History of the Northern Chou Dynasty. University of California Press.
Weber, Olivier, Eternal Afghanistan (photographies of Reza), (Unesco-Le Chêne, 2002)
Yap, Joseph P. Wars With the Xiongnu – A Translation From Zizhi Tongjian. AuthorHouse (2009) ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4
Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya kihistoria bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Barabara ya hariri kama enzi zake au matokeo yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.
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