Dire Dava

Dire Dava
ድሬ ዳዋ
Željeznička stanica Dire Dava
Željeznička stanica Dire Dava
Željeznička stanica Dire Dava
Koordinate: 9°36′N 41°52′E / 9.600°N 41.867°E / 9.600; 41.867
Država  Etiopija
Površina
 - Ukupna 1213.2
Visina 1,276[1]
Stanovništvo (2010.[2])
 - Grad 342,827
 - Urbana gustoća 283
Pozivni broj (251-25)
Karta
Dire Dava na mapi Etiopije
Dire Dava
Dire Dava

Dire Dava je jedan od dva etiopska grada uz Adis Abebu koji su organizirani kao posebne upravne jedinice-gradovi astedader akabibi, te imaju vlastitu regionalnu upravu - Kilil, Dire Dava je podijeljena na dvije upravne jedinice - worede; središte grada i okolicu (Gurgura).

Dire Dava se nalazi u istočnom dijelu Etiopije, na rijeci Dekatu, leži na Etiopskoj visoravni u podnožju stijenovite planine Harar. Dire Dava je drugi grad po veličini u Etiopiji sa svojih 342,827 stanovnika [3], upravni, trgovački i industrijski centar Istočne Etiopije.

Dire Dava ima međunarodni aerodrom Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma (IATA: DIR, ICAO: HADR) i Univerzitet Haramaya koji je udaljen 40 km od grada.

Historija

Dire Dava je nastala 1902, za vrijeme izgradnje uskotračne željezničke pruge Adis Abeba - Djibouti, kako je ispalo nemoguće da se pruga uspne do obližnjeg visokog Harara (1,885 m), željeznička stanica izgrađena je u nižoj Dire Davi (1,708 m). U Dire Davi su prvi putnici noćili, jer vlak nije noću vozio do Adis Abebe. Uskoro se uz stanicu razvilo sajmište (danas ih ima 7 od njih je najveći Tajvan).

Nakon izgradnje stanice, tadašnji guverner Harara - Ras Makonnen, dao je izgraditi cestu od Dire Dave do Harara, to je bila jedna od prvih cesta u ovom dijelu Etiopije. Ona je temeljito rekonstruirana 1928 godine, uz pomoć stranih inženjera i opreme, pa se tako putovanje između dva grada skratilo s dva dana na nekoliko sati. [4] Etiopska banka otvorila je svoju podružnicu 1931 u tada već naraslom trgovištu. Talijani su zauzeli Dire Davu 6. maja 1936, u svojem drugom pokušaju invazije na Etiopiju. Za njihove vlasti to je bio grad od 20, 000 stanovnika, od njih su 3, 500 bili evropskog porijekla (3, 000 Talijana, 290 Grka, 110 Francuza).

Dire Dava je bila prva crta linije odbrane u kratkotrajnom vojnom sukobu između Somalije i Etiopije 1977 u Ratu za Ogaden, tad su jedinice etiopske vojske uspjele zadržati somalijske napadače na prilazima grada 17.-18. augusta. [5]

Za vrijeme etiopskog građanskog rata, 1991 Dire Dawu je zauzeo Etiopski Narodni Revolucionarni Front, po nekim izveštajima oko 100 ljudi je pritom poginulo. Nakon rušenja vojnog režima Derg u gradu su se u vremenu od 1991 - 1993. rasplamsali sukobi između dojučerašnjih saveznika u borbi za kontrolu nad gradom. Zaratili su Oslobodilački Front naroda Issa i Gurgura te Oromo Oslobodilački Front. Zbog naraslog nasilja i terora, uvedeno je federalno upravljanje gradom, nakon toga je Dire Dava izdojena iz pokrajine Oromia i 1998 proglašena posebnom upravnom jedinicom astedader akabibi.

Grad je poplavljen u kolovozu 2006, kad se izlila rijeka Dekatu. Oko 200 ljudi je poginulo, hiljade ljudi ostalo je bez doma, a grad je pretrpio veliku štetu. Dekatu, većim dijelom godine gotovo presuši, ali su za vrijeme kišne sezone (od juna do septembra), poplave prilično uobičajene - jer tad Dekatu postane divlja bujica koja ruši sve pred sobom.

Stanovništvo

Tri najveće etničke grupe u gradu su Oromo (46.08%), Amharci (20.09%), Somalci (24.24%), Gurage (4.54%) i Harari (1.08%); sve ostale grupe imaju 3.97% stanovnika. Po religijskoj pripadnosti; 70.9% stanovnika su muslimani, 25.6% su pripadnici Etiopske pravoslavne tevahedo crkve, 2.8% protestanti, 0.4% katolici, a 0.3% su slijedbenici drugih vjera. [6]

Ekonomija

Dire Dava dobila je poštu u augustu 1906, kao treći grad u Etiopiji nakon Adis Abebe i Harara. Telefon je uveden 1954 Privreda Dire Dave ipak se prije svega temelji na na nomadskom stočarstvu okolice grada. Po procjenama iz 2005, seljaci iz Dire Dava imali su ukupno 40.400 grla goveda (odnosno 0,1% u Etiopiji), 46.280 ovaca (0,27%), 118.770 koza (0,92%), 8.820 magaraca (0,35%), 5.070 deva (1,11%), 44.740 svih vrsta peradi (0,14%), i 840 košnica meda (0,1%). [7]

Dire Dava od industrije ima veliku tvornicu cementa.

Izvori

  1. http://www.fallingrain.com/world/ET/48/Dire_Dawa.html
  2. „World Gazeteer: Dire Dawa”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-01-05. Pristupljeno 2013-01-05. 
  3. „World Gazeteer: Dire Dawa”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-01-05. Pristupljeno 2013-01-05. 
  4. Richard R.K. Pankhurst, An Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), str. 289, 290.
  5. Gebru Tareke: "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 2000.str. 635, 645-647
  6. "Census 2007" Arhivirano 2012-06-04 na Wayback Machine-u, first draft, Tables 1, 4, 5, 6.
  7. "CSA 2005 National Statistics", Tables D.4 - D.7.

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