Tupinismo

Explicação etimológica de caatinga

Um tupinismo é uma palavra, locução ou estrutura gramatical da língua tupi tomada de empréstimo por outro idioma, mais notoriamente o português brasileiro. Estima-se que esta variante da língua portuguesa possua mais de X palavras de origem tupi. De fato, conforme Eduardo Navarro em seu Dicionário de Tupi Antigo (2013), "foi a única língua indígena, das centenas que foram faladas no país, que se fez representar significativamente no léxico da língua portuguesa".[1] Todo o verbete usa o Dicionário como fonte.

Para uma palavra ser considerada um tupinismo, ela não precisa provir diretamente do tupi antigo; pode passar pelas línguas que são desenvolvimento histórico do tupi antigo, como as línguas gerais e o nheengatu (ou tupi moderno). Por exemplo, o nome próprio Iara, surgido apenas no século XIX, provém do nheengatu y + iara, que significa senhora das águas. Ambas as palavras são quase idênticas às do tupi antigo, todavia.

Palavras comuns

Palavra em pt Origem tupi significado em tupi
caatinga ka'a + ting + a catinga (lit: mata branca)
caju
mingau minga'u alimento
pereba ferida
pipoca

Topônimos

Segundo Navarro, mais de 95% dos topônimos de origem indígena no Brasil têm origem no tupi antigo ou em línguas derivadas dele.[2] Alguns exemplos incluem (a tabela completa pode ser vista no artigo principal; a fonte dessas informações é o Dicionário de Tupi Antigo do Navarro):

Nome tupi-guarani Significado Nome tupi-guarani Significado
Aracaju cajueiro dos arás (aves psitacídeas) Itatiba ajuntamento de pedras
Bariri coisa que treme Manhuaçu algodoeiros grandes
Botucatu serra boa Pará rio grande
Butantã terra muito dura Paraíba rio ruim
Caçapava lugar de se atravessar a mata Paraibuna rio ruim e escuro
Catanduva ajuntamento de mata dura, isto é, de cerrado Paraná rio
Curitiba ajuntamento de pinheiros Paranaguá enseada do mar
Ibirapuera árvores velhas Pindamonhangaba lugar de fazer anzóis
Iguaçu rio grande Piracicaba lugar de chegar dos peixes
Iguatemi rio das canoas emproadas Pirassununga estrondo de peixes
Indaiatuba ajuntamento de indaiás Ponta Porã ponta bonita
Ipiranga rio vermelho Sorocaba rasgadura (da terra)
Itamarati rio das pedras pequenas Taubaté pedras altas
...

Antropônimos

Nome Significado
Araci mesma etim. de Iraci
Iara do nheengatu y + iara, senhora das águas
Iracema Do nheengatu irá + sema: saída de abelhas, enxame
Iraci De eíra + sy: mãe do mel (abelha)
Jandaia Nome de ave

Ver também

Referências

  1. «Curitiba, Ubatuba, pipoca, 'chorar as pitangas': o tupi presente no português falado no Brasil». Revista Planeta. 22 de fevereiro de 2022. Consultado em 17 de março de 2023 
  2. NAVARRO, E. A. Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil. São Paulo. Global. 2013. p. 537.

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