Adenosina

Adenosina
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Outros nomes *(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)- 5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3,4-diol *Ado *6-Aminopurin-9β-D-ribofuranosid
Identificadores
Número CAS 58-61-7
PubChem 60961
DrugBank APRD00132
ChemSpider 54923
Código ATC C01EB10
SMILES
Propriedades
Fórmula química C10H13N5O4
Massa molar 267.22 g mol-1
Densidade 0,31 g·cm−3 [1]
Ponto de fusão

234–237 °C [1]

Solubilidade em água pouco solúvel em água [1] e etanol

[2]

Solubilidade *gut löslich in heißem Wasser [2]
Farmacologia
Biodisponibilidade Rapidly cleared from circulation via cellular uptake
Via(s) de administração IV or injection
Metabolismo Rapidly converted to inosine and adenosine monophosphate
Meia-vida biológica cleared plasma <30 seconds - half life <10 seconds
Ligação plasmática No
Excreção can leave cell intact or can be degraded to hypoxanthine, xanthine, and ultimately uric acid
Classificação legal ? (AU)


? (UK) -only (US)

Riscos na gravidez
e lactação
C
Riscos associados
Frases R -
Frases S -
LD50 >20 g·kg−1(Camundongo, oral) [1]
Compostos relacionados
Compostos relacionados Adenina
Desoxiadenosina
Adenosina monofosfato
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão

Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

A adenosina é um nucleosídeo, formado pela união de uma adenina e uma ribose. É uma purina endógena sintetizada da degradação de aminoácidos como metionina, treonina, valina e isoleucina assim como AMP.[3]

Função energética

A adenosina desempenha um papel importante na bioquímica, tais como transferência de energia, sob a forma de adenosina tri-fosfato (ATP) e adenosina difosfato (ADP) armazenando energia potencial essencial para o metabolismo energético dos animais.

Função de sinalização

Sob a forma de adenosina monofosfato cíclico (AMPc), colabora em vias de sinalização intracelular.

Função no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC)

No SNC a adenosina atua[4]:

  • Inibindo pré e pós-sináptica (PIPS)
  • Reduzindo a atividade motora
  • Diminuindo a frequência respiratória
  • Induzindo ao sono
  • Aliviando a ansiedade.

Função periférica

Os principais efeitos da adenosina fora do SNC incluem[4]:

  • Vasodilatação,
  • Broncoconstrição,
  • Imunossupressão,
  • Inibição da agregação plaquetária,
  • Diminuição da frequência cardíaca,
  • Estimulação de vias aferentes nociceptivas,
  • Inibição da libertação de neurotransmissores e,
  • Inibição da libertação de factores e hormônios.

Informação Farmacêutica

É utilizada por via endovenosa para reversão de taquicardia supraventricular paroxística ao bloquear o a transmissão via nó atrioventricular. Administrado por via intravenosa deprime a atividade do nó sinusal e é utilizado para re-estabelecer o ritmo sinusal.

A adenosina também atua como um neuroprotector ao inibir a transmissão excitatória do receptor A1 e estimular uma corrente de saída de K+ (potássio) sensível a acetilcolina no átrio e nódulos sinusal e atrioventricular. Isso resulta em redução do potencial de ação, hiperpolarização e automaticidade mais lenta.

É rapidamente captada por eritrócitos e células endoteliais, sendo sua semi-vida de menos de 10s, por isso deve ser administrado como bolo intravenoso rápido (cerca de 6 mg em 2s), usando um catéter venoso central. Caso não seja suficiente, se administra o dobro, 12 mg em 2s, pela mesma via.

A cafeína é a principal substância que antagoniza os efeitos da adenosina no organismo.

Contra-indicações

Contra-indicado em caso de Asma.

Referências

  1. a b c d Herstellerangaben der Firma Roth.
  2. a b Wissenschaft-Online-Lexika: Eintrag zu Adenosin im Lexikon der Chemie. Abgerufen am 7. Januar 2010
  3. «Cópia arquivada». Consultado em 9 de outubro de 2011. Arquivado do original em 9 de outubro de 2011 
  4. a b http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001068;jsessionid=D65E37AC7986A2B6184B83203D921DA8

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