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4

3 ← 4 → 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
읽는 법
세는 법
한자四,
소인수 분해22
로마 숫자IV
2진수1002
3진수113
4진수104
5진수45
6진수46
8진수48
12진수412
16진수416
20진수420
36진수436
φ(4)2
σ*(4)5
d(4)3
σ(4)7
μ(4)0
M(4)-1
수 목록 · 정수

4(사, four)는 3보다 크고 5보다 작은 자연수이다. 또한 표기하기 위한 숫자이기도 하다.

수학

  • 4! = 24
  • = 2
  • 1번째 합성수로, 그 약수1, 2, 4이다. (약수의 개수: 3개)
  • 4는 2번째 제곱수이다.
  • 4의 제곱은 16이고, 4의 제곱근은 2, -2이다.
  • 4를 포함하는 피타고라스 수:
  • 4의 배수는 아래와 같이 10의 자리와 1의 자리로 판별할 수 있다.
    • 10의 자리가 짝수인 경우는 1의 자리가 0, 4, 8 중의 하나. (한 자리 수이거나 10의 자리가 0인 경우를 포함한다.)
    • 10의 자리가 홀수인 경우는 1의 자리가 2 또는 6
  • 정사면체는 가장 적은 면을 가진 정다면체이다.
  • 평면 상에 그려진 지도를 칠하는데는 4가지 색이면 충분하다.(4색 정리)
  • 평면 위의 좌표값이 위치한 그래프를 x축, y축의 부호에 따라 나누는 것을 사분면이라 한다. 제1사분면은 x,y의 부호가 모두 양수인 영역, 제2사분면은 x의 부호만 음수인 영역, 제3사분면은 x,y의 부호가 모두 음수인 영역, 제4사분면은 y의 부호만 음수인 영역이다.
  • 사각형의 변의 개수는 4개이다.
  • 4는 오진법의 마지막 수이다. 4 다음에 5가 오는 것은 육진법부터 해당한다.
  • 덧셈, 뺄셈, 곱셈, 나눗셈을 가리켜 사칙연산이라고 부른다.
  • 부등호 표시는 4개이다. x는 y 이하라 하고, x는 y 이상이라 하며, , 는 각각 x는 y 미만, x는 y 초과라 한다.
  • 수의 대소 관계는 이상(以上), 이하(以下), 미만(未達), 초과(超過)가 있다.
  • 4는 부족수이다.
  • 2+2=2×2=2^2=4이다.
  • 허수 ()는 4제곱을 주기로 계속 반복된다. i의 제곱은 -1, 세제곱은 -i, 네제곱은 1이다.

과학

철학

  • 동양에서 땅은 네모모양이라고 생각했기 때문에 4각형으로 상징하였다.

기술

  • 자동차의 바퀴는 대개 4개이다.
  • 인쇄 시에는 CMYK의 4색을 이용한다.
  • 방이나 가구, 책 등은 대개 사각형 모양이다.

4자 금기

중국, 일본, 대한민국을 비롯한 동아시아에서는 4가 불길하다고 여긴다. 한자의 死(죽을 사)와 소리가 동일하거나 비슷하기 때문이다. 예를 들어, 빌딩, 병원, 아파트 등에서는 3층에서 4층 없이 바로 5층으로 가거나 'F (Four)' 또는 3A와 3B로 나눈다. 아파트의 동호수에 4를 넣지 않는 아파트도 있다.

기타

각주

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