マルクス・ウルピウス・トラヤヌス Marcus Ulpius Trajanus カエサル・マルクス・ウルピウス・ネルウァ・トラヤヌス(後継者指名時) Caesar Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus インペラトル・カエサル・ディウィ・ネルウァエ・フィリウス・ネルウァ・トラヤヌス・オプティムス・アウグストゥス・ゲルマニクス・ダキクス・パルティニクス(即位後) Imperator Caesar Divi Nervae filius Nerva Trajanus Optimus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus Parthicus
ルネサンス時代に古代ローマの再評価が本格化すると、ますますトラヤヌスへの賞賛は高まっていく。当時の君主たちは、偉大な君主としてトラヤヌスを敬い憧れを抱いた。現代では、トラヤヌスに征服されたダキアに起源を持つルーマニアは、トラヤヌスに率いられた兵士や植民者の末裔に帰属心を持つのが主流となっており、ルーマニア国歌『目覚めよ、ルーマニア人!』でも「かつして我らの胸には誇らしい名前が刻まれていることを 戦争の英雄、トラヤヌスの名前が(Și că-n a noastre piepturi păstrăm cu fală-un nume Triumfător în lupte, un nume de Traian!)」と歌われている。同じくローマの支配を受けた元属州の各地域が征服前の先住民族に帰属心を求めるのとは対照的である。
^“De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. 2007年7月21日閲覧。 “Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), A.D. 105. During Trajan's reign one of the most important Roman successes was the victory over the Dacians. The first important confrontation between the Romans and the Dacians had taken place in the year 87 and was initiated by Domitian. The praetorian prefect Cornelius Fuscus led five or six legions across the Danube on a bridge of ships and advanced towards Banat (in Romania). The Romans were surprised by a Dacian attack at Tapae (near the village of Bucova, in Romania). Legion V Alaude was crushed and Cornelius Fuscus was killed. The victorious Dacian general was originally known as Diurpaneus (see Manea, p.109), but after this victory he was called Decebalus (the brave one).”
^“De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. 2007年11月8日閲覧。 “Because the Dacians represented an obstacle against Roman expansion in the east, in the year 101 the emperor Trajan decided to begin a new campaign against them. The first war began on 25 March 101 and the Roman troops, consisting of four principal legions (X Gemina , XI Claudia , II Traiana Fortis, and XXX Ulpia Victrix), defeated the Dacians.”
^“De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. 2007年11月8日閲覧。 “Although the Dacians had been defeated, the emperor postponed the final siege for the conquering of Sarmizegetuza because his armies needed reorganization. Trajan imposed on the Dacians very hard peace conditions: Decebalus had to renounce claim to some regions of his kingdom, including Banat, Tara Hategului, Oltenia, and Muntenia in the area south-west of Transylvania. He had also to surrender all the Roman deserters and all his war machines. At Rome, Trajan was received as a winner and he took the name of Dacicus, a title that appears on his coinage of this period. At the beginning of the year 103 A.D., there were minted coins with the inscription: IMP NERVA TRAIANVS AVG GER DACICVS.”
^“De Imperatoribus Romanis”. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. 2007年11月8日閲覧。 “However, during the years 103?105, Decebalus did not respect the peace conditions imposed by Trajan and the emperor then decided to destroy completely the Dacian kingdom and to conquer Sarmizegetuza.he died”
^Wiseman, James, 1997 "Beyond the Danube's Iron Gates." Archaeology 50(2): 24-9.
^felicior Augusto melior Traiano, アウスグトゥスより幸運で、トラヤヌスより偉大であるように)
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