Ottaviano Guasco

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il vescovo omonimo, vedi Lelio Ottaviano Guasco.
Ottaviano Guasco
Conte di Clavières
Stemma
Stemma
In carica1752 –
1781
Investitura26 marzo 1752
Nome completoGiovanni Battista Ottaviano
NascitaBricherasio, 22 febbraio 1712
MorteVerona, 10 marzo 1781 (69 anni)
DinastiaGuasco
PadreFrancesco Bartolomeo
MadreMaria Anna Margherita Turinetti
ReligioneCattolicesimo

Giovanni Battista Ottaviano Guasco, conte di Claviéres (Bricherasio, 22 febbraio 1712Verona, 10 marzo 1781), è stato uno scrittore e traduttore italiano.

Biografia

Giovanni Battista Ottaviano Guasco, membro di un'antica famiglia di Alessandria - e appartenente al ramo cadetto, trasferitosi a Bricherasio, dei Guasco conti di Clavières - nacque da Francesco Bartolomeo (*16751742), giureconsulto e intendente del re Vittorio Amedeo II di Savoia, e da Maria Anna Margherita Turinetti (*16851733), dei marchesi di Priero e Pancalieri[1]. Era figlio di Francesco Bartolomeo, giureconsulto e intendente del re Vittorio Amedeo II di Savoia. Dopo aver preso gli ordini minori, si addottorò all'università di Torino.

Nel 1738 con due dei suoi fratelli, Francesco e Pier Alessandro entrambi destinati alla professione militare, si recò a Parigi, cercando subito di entrare in contatto con le persone più in vista della città. Gli schedari di polizia rivelano «che egli s'immischiava in più di una occupazione e che frequentava sempre gli stranieri e gli ambasciatori». Si legò in particolare con Antioch Dmitrievič Kantemir, ministro plenipotenziario russo in Francia, di cui tradusse le Satire del 1749, mentre lo stesso Kantemir voleva che a sua volta Guasco lo aiutasse a tradurre in russo le Lettere persiane di Montesquieu. Sospettato di spionaggio, presentato come un parassita o come un avventuriero dagli amici di Marie-Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, si fece conoscere in tutta Europa nel corso di una serie di viaggi e si rivelò un brillante erudito.

L'imperatrice Maria Teresa gli concesse nel 1751 un posto di canonico a Tournai nelle Fiandre, dove pubblicò nel 1756 le sue Dissertations historiques politiques et littéraires. Fu in seguito ammesso all'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres di Parigi, all'Académie Royale des Sciences di Berlino, alla Royal Society di Londra, all'Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts di Bordeaux e all'Accademia Etrusca di Cortona. Era in stretti rapporti con Montesquieu ed era molto stimato da Lord Chesterfield e Claude-Adrien Helvétius. Nell'aprile 1748, Guasco s'installò a La Brède, dove tradusse in italiano Lo spirito delle leggi. Dall'estate 1753 all'autunno 1754 compì un lungo giro in Italia toccando Verona, Bologna, Firenze, Roma e Napoli. Nel 1767 fece pubblicare le Lettres familières du président de Montesquieu à divers amis d'Italie, una raccolta di lettere inviate allo stesso Guasco e ad una serie di amici italiani. L'anno successivo fece stampare a Bruxelles la sua opera più famosa De l'usage des statues chez les Anciens. La sua tesi fondamentale fu che presso le antiche civiltà le statue avevano una funzione soprattutto civile ed educativa, veri e propri modelli di comportamento morale, religioso e politico. L'opera sviluppa una concezione della scultura basata su un approccio alternativo a quello teorizzato solo quattro anni prima da Johann Joachim Winckelmann.

Ascendenza

Genitori Nonni Bisnonni
Giovanni Francesco Bartolomeo  
 
Anna Maria ?  
Francesco Bartolomeo  
Caterina Amedei di Barge ?  
 
?  
Ottaviano Guasco  
Ercole Giuseppe Luigi Turinetti Giorgio Turinetti  
 
Maria Violante Valperga di Rivara  
Maria Anna Margherita Turinetti  
Diana Francesca Saluzzo di Cardè e Garessio Giacinto di Saluzzo-Miolans-Spinola  
 
Lucrezia Provana  
 

Note

Bibliografia

  • Francesco Guasco di Bisio, Famiglia Guasco di Alessandria, in Tavole genealogiche di famiglie nobili alessandrine e monferrine dal secolo IX al XX, vol. 1, Casale, Tipografia Cooperativa Bellatore, Bosco & C., 1924.
  • Robert Shackleton, L'abbé de Guasco ami et traducteur de Montesquieu, in «Actes de l'Académie nationale des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Bordeaux», 4me série, XV, 1958, pp. 49-60.
  • Pascal Griener, Ottaviano di Guasco, intermédiaire entre la philosophie française et les antiquités de Rome, in Roma triumphans ? L'attualità dell'antico nella Francia del Settecento, a cura di L. Norci Cagiano, Roma 2007, pp. 25-51.
  • Stefano Ferrari, La scultura antica tra Montesquieu e Winckelmann: il De l'usage des statues chez les anciens di Ottaviano Guasco, in «Anabases», 21, 2015, pp. 11-24.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN61680854 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 6129 1770 · SBN UBOV398291 · BAV 495/162191 · CERL cnp00453843 · GND (DE122341902 · BNE (ESXX1661197 (data) · BNF (FRcb13015213w (data)
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