François Just Marie Raynouard

Monumento a Raynouard (opera dello scultore Victor Nicolas).

François Just[1][2] Marie Raynouard (Brignoles, 18 settembre 1761[3]Passy, 27 ottobre 1836) è stato un tragediografo, avvocato, filologo, traduttore e linguista francese. Le sue pubblicazioni e traduzioni di opere di trovatori, che proseguono quelle di Sainte-Palaye (1687-1781), sono state essenziali per lo "stile trovatore"[4], e più tardi per quello del félibrige.

Biografia

Allievo del piccolo seminario d'Aix-en-Provence, poi studente alla facoltà di diritto di questa città, François Raynouard fece parte dell'ordine degli avvocati di Draguignan. Nel 1791 venne eletto sostituto deputato all'Assemblea legislativa[5]. Fu imprigionato sotto il Regime del Terrore nel carcere del’Abbaye per le sue simpatie girondine, esperienza questa che lo porterà a scrivere la tragedia Caton d'Utique (1794). Liberato dopo il 9 termidoro, ritornò nella sua città natale dove riprese con successo la sua professione d'avvocato.

Nel 1803, ottenne il premio di poesia all’Institut de France . Nel 1805, la sua tragedia Les Templiers, piaciuta a Napoleone, riscosse un vivo successo[6] alla Comédie-Française, come pure in libreria, e ciò nonostante le critiche di Geoffroy. Deputato al Corpo legislativo del "Consolato del Primo Impero" dal 1806 al 1814 e rappresentante dei Cento giorni, nel 1807 viene eletto all’Académie française[7] e all’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres nel 1816. Nel 1817 fu nominato segretario a vita dell’Académie française[8].

Nel 1809, il dramma Les états de Blois ou la mort du duc de Guise ("le condizioni di Blois o la morte del duca di Guisa") non venne apprezzato da Napoleone, che lo fece interdire. Alla fine del Primo Impero, Raynouard abbandonò il teatro per consacrarsi alla filologia e allo studio delle lingue del medioevo, in particolare dell'antico provenzale[9][10]. Sarà in questo campo, e per le sue ricerche sui trovatori e le corti d'amore, che Raynouard acquisterà fama duratura. Robert Lafont lo presenta, insieme a Honnorat, come uno dei due grandi precursori del Félibrige':

«Sarebbe ozioso enumerare ciò che la scuola felibrista, nei suoi primi proponimenti teorici, deve a Raynouard e a Honnorat, due eruditi che, con la loro opera, ne hanno poste le basi ideologiche. In una parola, essa deve loro le ragioni della sua esistenza; il ricordo dell'antico splendore e il sentimento della dignità ritrovata[11]»

Ufficiale della Légion d'honneur, nel XVI arrondissement di Parigi, ebbe intitolate una strada e una piazza.[12]. A Brignoles un monumento[13] gli rende omaggio sulla piazza Saint-Pierre presso la sua casa natale, così come un liceo[14] e un viale della città.

Opere

Teatro

  • Caton d'Utique, tragédie, 1794
  • Les Templiers, tragédie, représentée à la Comédie-Française le 24 floréal an XIII (14 maggio 1805)[15]
  • Éléonore de Bavière, tragédie, 1805
  • Les États de Blois ou la mort du duc de Guise, tragédie, 1809
  • Don Carlos, tragedia, non rappresentata
  • Débora, tragedia, non rappresentata
  • Charles Ier, tragedia, non rappresentata
  • Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans, tragedia, non rappresentata

Poesia

  • Socrate au temple d'Aglaure, 1802

Studi di filologia romanza

  • Recherches sur l'ancienneté de la langue romane, Paris, Didot, 1816
  • Éléments de la grammaire de la langue romane, 1816
  • Grammaire romane, ou grammaire de la langue des troubadours, Paris, Didot, 1816
  • Des troubadours et des cours d'amour, Paris, Didot, 1817
  • Grammaire comparée des langues de l'Europe latine dans leurs rapports avec la langue des troubadours, 1821
  • Choix des poésies originales des troubadours, 6 vol., 1816-1821
  • Lexique de la langue des troubadours, 1824
  • Nouveau choix des poésies originales des troubadours, 1836-1844
  • Lexique roman, ou dictionnaire de la langue des troubadours, 6 vol., Paris, Silvestre, 1838-1844
    • (FR) Tome 1, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
    • (FR) Tome 2, A-C, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
    • (FR) Tome 3, D-K, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
    • (FR) Tome 4, L-P, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
    • (FR) Tome 5, Q-Z, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
    • (FR) Tome 6, Appendice, vocabulaire, su books.google.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.

Altro

  • Histoire du droit municipal en France, sous la domination romaine et sous les trois dynasties, 2 vol., Paris, Sautelet, Mesnier, 1829

Note

  1. ^ Per il prenome "Just" che rimpiazza quello di "Juste", vedi: (FR) Acte de naissance de François Just Marie Raynouard en 1761 (PDF), su sd-g1.archive-host.com. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013. e (FR) Fiche biographique de l'Assemblée nationale, su assemblee-nationale.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
  2. ^ Conformemente all'uso piuttosto esteso al suo tempo, egli firmava tutte le sue opere "M. Raynouard" senza gli usuali prenomi.
  3. ^ (FR) Acte de naissance de François Just Marie Raynouard en 1761. (PDF), su sd-g1.archive-host.com. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
  4. ^ Lo "stile trovatore" (style troubadour) è un movimento artistico tendente a ricostituire, tramite diverse arti, un'atmosfera idelizzata del medioevo e del rinascimento. Può apparire come una reazione al movimento néoclassico che termina con il Consolato.
  5. ^ (FR) Joseph Savarelli, Les administrateurs du département du Var, 1790-1897 : notices biographiques, Éditions Olivier-Joulian, 1897.
  6. ^ (FR) René Merle, Raynouard de Brignoles, Chroniques, La Marseillaise varoises, 1995.
  7. ^ Discours de réception à l'Académie française le 24 novembre 1807 [collegamento interrotto], su academie-francaise.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
  8. ^ (FR) Tyrtée Taster, Histoire des quarante fauteuils de l'Académie française, Éditions Lacroix, 1855.
  9. ^ (FR) Émile Ripert, La Renaissance Provençale (1800-1860), Éditions Laffitte, 1882.
  10. ^ (FR) Louis Bergeron, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret, Grands notables du Premier Empire: notices de biographie sociale, vol. 18, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1988.
  11. ^ (FR) Simon Calamel, Dominique Javel, La langue d'oc pour étendard, les Félibres (1854-2002), Éditions Privat, 2002, p. 34.
  12. ^ (FR) Auguste Doniol, Histoire du XVIe arrondissement de Paris, Éditions Hachette, 1902.
  13. ^ (FR) Le Livre d'or du centenaire de Raynouard, Brignoles, Toulon, Société Nouvelle des Imprimeries Toulonnaises, 1939.
  14. ^ (FR) L'histoire du lycée Raynouard à Brignoles, su ac-nice.fr. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.
  15. ^ (FR) Testo consultabile online, su mediterranees.net. URL consultato il 2 marzo 2013.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Seggio 20 dell'Académie française Successore
Louis-Georges de Bréquigny 1807 - 1836 François-Auguste Mignet
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN59088344 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 1950 3220 · BAV 495/241523 · CERL cnp00400296 · Europeana agent/base/63040 · LCCN (ENn83041906 · GND (DE118788035 · BNE (ESXX1411114 (data) · BNF (FRcb11921295k (data) · J9U (ENHE987007273793405171

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