Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH

Cava Wienergraben a Mauthausen: la "Scala della Morte", i prigionieri furono costretti a trasportare i blocchi di granito, alcuni del peso di 50 kg, su per 186 gradini.

La Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH, (DEST) fu una società di proprietà delle SS creata per procurarsi e produrre i materiali da costruzione necessari ai progetti di costruzione statali nella Germania nazista, fu una società sussidiaria dell'Amtsgruppe W dell'ufficio WVHA. Sia l'Amt. W che il WVHA furono guidati dai generali delle Waffen-SS Oswald Pohl e Georg Lörner.

Il quartier generale fu a Sankt Georgen an der Gusen, una piccola città in Austria dove nel 1944 fu costruito Gusen II, un sottocampo di Mauthausen.[1][2][3]

Storia

La DEST, fondata il 29 aprile 1938 a Berlino, fu amministrata dal VWHA allo scopo di procurarsi i materiali da costruzione, organizzare il lavoro forzato dei deportati e supervisionare le operazioni della cava. La posizione dei campi di concentramento di Sachsenhausen (1936), Buchenwald (1937), Flossenbürg (1938), Mauthausen (1938), Natzweiler-Struthof (1939), Gross Rosen (1940) e Neuengamme (1940) fu scelta per la vicinanza ai terreni adatti alla produzione di laterizi o per la vicinanza ad una fabbrica di laterizi o ad una cava di pietra.

DEST ebbe un grande successo nello sfruttamento del lavoro forzato, per la maggior parte di ebrei, nelle cave. Il lavoro umano fu utilizzato crudelmente, diventando uno dei capisaldi delle accuse di crimini di guerra nei processi di Norimberga. Il direttore del programma, SS-Obergruppenführer Oswald Pohl, di stanza a Berlino, fu condannato a morte per crimini di guerra nel 1947 a Norimberga e giustiziato nel 1951.

Nel 1943, la DEST spostò la sua attenzione dall'industria della pietra agli armamenti: da questo momento svolse un ruolo chiave, aiutando le SS ad entrare in alcune industrie belliche chiave: questa importanza fu sottolineata dal suo parco industriale a Sankt Georgen e lo stesso campo di Gusen rese le SS un fornitore chiave di fusoliere per aerei (Bf 109, Me 262), carabine e mitragliatrici ad aziende come BFW, Messerschmitt e Steyr-Daimler-Puch. Per gestire la propria attività con i detenuti dei campi di concentramento di Gusen e Mauthausen, tra il 1940 e il 1945 la DEST operò dalla sede del Granitwerke Mauthausen, presente a Sankt Georgen an der Gusen che rappresentò il suo "Werkgruppe" (gruppo industriale) più grande e importante.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen – Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered, Norderstedt, BoD, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8334-7610-5.
  2. ^ Francis R. Nicosia e Jonathan Huener, Business and industry in Nazi Germany, Berghahn Books, 2004, ISBN 978-1-57181-654-2.
  3. ^ United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT), NMT 4 U.S.A. vs. Pohl Et. al., su Nuremberg Trials Project, Harvard Law School Library (archiviato dall'url originale il 1º marzo 2010).

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