Rollkommando Hamann

La Rollkommando Hamann era una piccola unità mobile che ha commesso diversi omicidi di massa di ebrei lituani nelle campagne nel luglio-ottobre 1941,[1] con un bilancio delle vittime stimato di almeno 60.000 ebrei.[2] L'unità fu anche responsabile di molti omicidi in Lettonia da luglio ad agosto 1941. Alla fine del 1941 l'eliminazione dell'ebraismo lituano fu effettivamente compiuta dall'unità di Hamann nelle campagne, dagli Ypatingasis būrys nel massacro di Ponary, e del Tautinio Darbo Apsaugos Batalionas (TDA) nel Nono Forte di Kaunas. In circa sei mesi fu ucciso circa l'80% di tutti gli ebrei lituani.[3] I pochi rimasti furono risparmiati per essere utilizzati come forza lavoro e concentrati nei ghetti urbani, principalmente i ghetti di Vilna e Kaunas.

Organizzazione

Il gruppo era composto da 8-10[4] tedeschi dell'Einsatzkommando 3, comandati dall'SS-Obersturmführer Joachim Hamann, e diverse dozzine di lituani della 3ª compagnia della TDA, comandata da Bronius Norkus.[5] L'unità non aveva una struttura permanente ed è stata chiamata per missioni ad hoc in varie città della Lituania. Mentre Bubnys indicò che Hamann principalmente distribuì gli incarichi mentre non partecipava lui stesso,[5] la testimonianza del dopoguerra indicò che Hamann disse ad altri della sua partecipazione diretta.[6] Il rapporto Jäger documenta le esecuzioni di massa eseguite dall'unità in 54 località della Lituania.[1] Dal 13 luglio al 22 agosto 1941, il commando operò da Daugavpils, in Lettonia. Durante questo periodo, il commando uccise 9.102 persone, quasi tutte ebrei, dal ghetto di Daugavpils.[7]

Operazioni

Di solito l'unità arrivava dopo che gli ebrei locali erano già stati rastrellati e radunati in una zona più appartata, di solito una foresta o un campo lontano, dalle autorità naziste locali e dai collaboratori locali lituani.[5] A volte venivano istituiti piccoli ghetti temporanei per radunare gli ebrei provenienti da diverse città vicine.[8] Gli ebrei selezionati per le esecuzioni furono condotti in marcia verso il luogo, di solito a circa 4-5 chilometri di distanza da dove vivevano, e fucilati.[9] A volte venivano fucilati per primi gli uomini, mentre le donne e i bambini vennero giustiziati dalla fine del 1941.[8][10] I cadaveri venivano sepolti in fosse scavate in anticipo, mentre i vestiti e altri beni degli uccisi venivano divisi tra i presenti.[10]

Note

  1. ^ a b Joseph A. Melamed, The Mechanized Commando Unit of Haman, su lithuanianjews.org.il, Association of Lithuanian Jews in Israel. URL consultato il 14 marzo 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 settembre 2015).
  2. ^ Martin C. Dean, Local Collaboration in the Holocaust in Eastern Europe, in Stone Dan (a cura di), The Historiography of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 127, ISBN 978-1-4039-9927-6.
  3. ^ Dina Porat, The Holocaust in Lithuania: Some Unique Aspects, in David Cesarani (a cura di), The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation, Routledge, 2002, p. 161, ISBN 0-415-15232-1.
  4. ^ (LT) Neringa Latvytė-Gustaitienė, Holokaustas Trakų apskrityje, in Voruta, vol. 9, n. 531, 8 maggio 2003, ISSN 1392-0677 (WC · ACNP) (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 ottobre 2005).
  5. ^ a b c Bubnys Arūnas, Lithuanian Police Battalions and the Holocaust (PDF), su komisija.lt, The International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania, pp. 12–13. URL consultato il 14 marzo 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 luglio 2011).
  6. ^ Kraus, Hans, police interrogation, October 21, 1959
  7. ^ Andrew Ezergailis, The Holocaust in Latvia 1941-1944: The Missing Center, Riga, Historical Institute of Latvia, 1996, pp. 276–279, ISBN 9984-9054-3-8.
  8. ^ a b Arūnas Bubnys, Holocaust in Lithuanian Province in 1941 (PDF), su komisija.lt, The International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania, p. 74. URL consultato il 14 marzo 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 luglio 2011).
  9. ^ The Jager Report - A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust, su fcit.usf.edu, Florida Center for Instructional Technology, 2005. URL consultato il 14 marzo 2009.
  10. ^ a b Don Levin, The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in Lithuania, Gerusalemme, Yad Vashem, 2000, pp. 220–221, ISBN 965-308-084-9.

Read other articles:

Wittelsbacherstraße WappenStraße in München Wittelsbacherstraße Wittelsbacherstraße 16 (Eckhaus am Baldeplatz) Basisdaten Landeshauptstadt München Stadtbezirk Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt Angelegt 1888 Name erhalten 1888[1] Anschluss­straßen Erhardtstraße, Auenstraße Querstraßen Fraunhoferstraße, Auenstraße, Pfarrer-Rosenberger-Straße, Deutingerstraße, Klenzestraße, Kapuzinerstraße, Geyerstraße, Auenstraße; Reichenbachbrücke, Wittelsbacherbrücke Plätze Baldep...

 

Une façade-écran est une forme de façade présentant des dimensions supérieures, en particulier en hauteur, au corps du bâtiment dont elle cache la vue. Un surcroît de décoration peut redoubler la différence entre l'avant et le reste de l'édifice. Histoire Architecture romane Façade-écran calée par deux faisceaux de colonnes de l'église Notre-Dame-la-Grande de Poitiers : portail central encadré de deux arcades latérales aveugles géminées, corniche à modillons réunis pa...

 

Pisangga Enggang dahanCommon connotationsKarat merah     Koordinat warnaTriplet hex#A81C07sRGBB    (r, g, b)(168, 28, 7)CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(0, 83, 96, 34)HSV       (h, s, v)(7.8°, 95.8%, 65.9%)SumberDaftar Istilah Warna[1]ColorHexa[2]B: Dinormalkan ke [0–255] (bita)H: Dinormalkan ke [0–100] (ratusan) Pisangga (bahasa Inggris: Brownish red, Rufous) adalah suatu corak warna merah kecokelatan yang banyak ditemukan dalam b...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: ...

 

Election in Georgia Main article: 1812 United States presidential election 1812 United States presidential election in Georgia ← 1808 30 October - 2 December 1812 1816 →   Nominee James Madison DeWitt Clinton Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Home state Virginia New York Running mate Elbridge Gerry Jared Ingersoll Electoral vote 8 0 Elections in Georgia Federal government Presidential elections 1788–89 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 18...

 

American college football season 1924 Centre Praying Colonels footballSouthern championSIAA co-championConferenceSouthern Intercollegiate Athletic AssociationRecord5–1–1 (1–0 SIAA)Head coachRobert L. Myers[1] (2nd season)Home stadiumFarris StadiumUniformSeasons← 19231925 → 1924 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   T W   L   T Centre + 1 – 0 – 0 5 – 1 &#...

Bagian Seri politikSistem pemilihan Pluralitas/mayoritas Pluralitas Pemenang undi terbanyak Suara tunggal yang tidak dapat dialihkan Pemilihan terbatas Kemajemukan besar (pemilihan blok) Tiket umum Sistem banyak putaran Dua putaran Surat suara lengkap Sistem peringkat / preferensial Putaran instan (pemilihan alternatif) Pilih kontingen Metode Coombs Metode Condorcet (Copeland, Dodgson, Kemeny–Young, Minimax, Nanson, Pasangan berperingkat, Schulze, Alternatif Smith) Sistem posisional (Hitung...

 

«Балади про війну і відбудову» Автор Жадан Сергій ВікторовичМова українськаЖанр поезіяВидавництво Кальварія (видавництво)Видано 2001Сторінок 100 «Балади про війну і відбудову» — збірка віршів українського письменника Сергія Жадана, яка була видана львівським видавни...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Бродвейский мост. Бродвейский мост 45°31′55″ с. ш. 122°40′26″ з. д.HGЯO Официальное название Broadway Bridge Область применения автомобильный По мосту проходит Broadway[d] Пересекает Уилламетт Место расположения Портл...

Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Fevereiro de 2019) Karl Lagerfeld Karl Lagerfeld Nome completo Karl Otto Lagerfeld Nascimento 10 de setembro de 1933Hamburgo; Alemanha Morte 19 de fevereiro de 2019 (85 anos)Neuilly-sur-Seine; Ilha de França; França Nacionalida...

 

Brazilian footballer (born 1990) Diogo Acosta Personal informationFull name Diogo da Silva FariasDate of birth (1990-06-13) 13 June 1990 (age 33)Place of birth Três Corações, BrazilHeight 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[1]Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team Al DhafraNumber 90Youth career São BernardoSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2009–2010 Palmeiras B 24 (8)2010–2014 São Bernardo 17 (1)2012 → Comercial-SP (loan) 8 (2)2012 → Avaí (loan) 30 (5)2013 ...

 

Wirth syntax notation (WSN) is a metasyntax, that is, a formal way to describe formal languages. Originally proposed by Niklaus Wirth in 1977 as an alternative to Backus–Naur form (BNF). It has several advantages over BNF in that it contains an explicit iteration construct, and it avoids the use of an explicit symbol for the empty string (such as <empty> or ε).[1] WSN has been used in several international standards, starting with ISO 10303-21.[2] It was also used to ...

Scottish painter (1878–1948) David Foggie RSA (31 December 1878 Dundee – 2 June 1948), was a Scottish painter, born to parents James and Margaret Foggie. Self-portrait by David Foggie By the time of his death, David Foggie was a known name across Scotland. Since that time he had sunk into obscurity, but enjoyed a revival in popularity with the 2004 Dundee exhibition[1] of an extensive collection of his work. Foggie's works are found in the National Galleries of Scotland, the Royal...

 

Indian activist (born 1937) Anna HazareHazare in 2011BornKisan Baburao Hazare (1937-06-15) 15 June 1937 (age 86)Bhingar, Bombay Presidency, British IndiaNationalityIndianOther namesKisan Baburao HazareCitizenshipIndianKnown forIndian anti-corruption movement – 2012, Indian anti-corruption movement – 2011, Watershed development programmes, Right to InformationMovementIndian anti-corruption movement, Peace movementParentsBaburao Hazare (father)Laxmibai Hazare (mother)AwardsPa...

 

「小久保浩樹」とは別人です。 この記事に雑多な内容を羅列した節があります。事項を箇条書きで列挙しただけの節は、本文として組み入れるか、または整理・除去する必要があります。(2011年7月) 小久保 裕紀福岡ソフトバンクホークス 監督 #90 福岡ソフトバンクホークス二軍監督時代(2023年7月29日 タマホーム スタジアム筑後)基本情報国籍 日本出身地 和...

Public park in Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn Bridge ParkView of the park from the Manhattan Bridge, 2019TypeUrban parkLocation334 Furman StreetBrooklyn Heights, New York 11201United StatesCoordinates40°41′52″N 73°59′54″W / 40.69778°N 73.99833°W / 40.69778; -73.99833Area85 acres (34 ha)Created2010–2021DesignerMichael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc.Operated byBrooklyn Bridge Park CorporationOpen6 a.m. to 1 a.m.StatusOpenWebsitewww.BrooklynBridgePar...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Trivale Monastery – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Trivale MonasteryMănăstirea TrivaleTrivale Monastery in 2020ReligionAffiliationEastern OrthodoxPatronHoly TrinityStatusActiveLocat...

 

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

American retail chain Orscheln Farm & HomeType Privately held family business (1960–2022) Subsidiary (2022–present) IndustryRetailFounded1960 (63 years ago) (1960) in Sedalia, Missouri, U.S.FoundersW.C. OrschelnHeadquartersMoberly, Missouri, U.S.Number of locations175 (2021)Area served11 U.S. statesKey peopleRobert Orscheln (CEO)ProductsAutomotive parts and accessories, apparel, farm and ranch supplies, hardware, housewares, hunting equipment, lawn and garden supplies, p...

 

Harry Chapin discographyStudio albums9Live albums2Compilation albums14Singles13Sales16,750,000 + This page is a discography for the singer and songwriter Harry Chapin. Chapin was a popular singer in the 1970s and 1980s. He achieved international success with a string of hits throughout the 70s and 80s. Chapin's career was cut short at its peak, when he was killed in a car accident in 1981. Shortly after his career debut in 1972, he became one of the highest paid artists in the world. All of h...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!