Adolf von Baeyer

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (Berlino, 31 ottobre 1835 – Starnberg, 20 agosto 1917) è stato un chimico tedesco.

Biografia

Ricevette il Premio Nobel per la Chimica nel 1905 per i suoi studi sulle sostanze coloranti e sui composti aromatici.

Adolf era l'ultimo figlio di Johann Jacob Baeyer, il "padre" della geodetica tedesca.

Inizialmente si interessò di matematica e fisica all'Università di Berlino, per poi spostarsi a Heidelberg dove cominciò a studiare chimica con Robert Bunsen.

Collaborò in seguito con il laboratorio di Friedrich August Kekulé, e nel 1858 prese il dottorato a Berlino. Nel 1869, con Adolph Emmerling, scoprì un metodo per la sintesi dell'indolo.^[1]^[2]

Nel 1871 divenne professore all'Università di Strasburgo.

Nel 1875 fu il successore di Justus von Liebig come professore di chimica all'Università di Monaco di Baviera.

Le principali ricerche di Baeyer comprendono la sintesi chimica dell'indaco (un colorante vegetale) nel 1880 dopo ben 17 anni di studi, la scoperta dei coloranti derivati dalla ftaleina, la scoperta dell'acido barbiturico nel 1864 e studi sul poliacetilene e sui derivati dell'acido urico.

Nel 1883 propose la prima formula corretta dell'indaco, anche se nel 1928, grazie alla cristallografia ai raggi X si scoprì che la stereochimica del doppio legame era trans e non cis come proposto da Baeyer.

Nel 1872 studiò le reazioni fra fenolo e formaldeide e quasi riuscì a superare Leo Baekeland, che poi venne riconosciuto il vero scopritore della bachelite.

Nel 1881 fu insignito della Medaglia Davy.

Il 25 gennaio 1885 divenne socio dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.^[3]

Diede anche numerosi contributi nel campo della chimica teorica.

Onorificenze

Medaglia dell'Ordine di Massimiliano per le Scienze e le Arti

— 1891

Note

^ A dictionary of applied chemistry, Volume 3 by Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe
^ Handbuch zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik by Ludwig Darmstaedter, René du Bois-Reymond, Carl Schaefer
^ Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf BAEYER, su accademiadellescienze.it. URL consultato il 17 luglio 2020.

Altri progetti

Wikisource contiene una pagina dedicata a Adolf von Baeyer
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Adolf von Baeyer

Collegamenti esterni

Baeyer, Adolf von, su Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
Lidia Monti, BAEYER, Adolph von, in Enciclopedia Italiana, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1930.
Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Adolf von-, su sapere.it, De Agostini.
(EN) Adolf von Baeyer, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Adolf von Baeyer, su nobelprize.org.
(FR) Adolf von Baeyer / Adolf von Baeyer (altra versione), in Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne, Fédération des Sociétés d’Histoire et d’Archéologie d’Alsace.
(EN) Adolf von Baeyer, su Mathematics Genealogy Project, North Dakota State University.
Adolf von Baeyer, su accademiadellescienze.it, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.
(EN) Opere di Adolf von Baeyer, su Open Library, Internet Archive.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis E. Brus (2023) • David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John M. Jumper (2024)

V · D · M

Vincitori Medaglia Davy 1877-1900 (Royal Society)

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen / Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1877) · Louis Paul Cailletet / Raoul Pictet (1878) · Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1879) · Charles Friedel (1880) · Adolf von Baeyer (1881) · Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeleev / Julius Lothar Meyer (1882) · Marcellin Berthelot / Julius Thomsen (1883) · Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1884) · Jean Servais Stas (1885) · Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1886) · John A. R. Newlands (1887) · William Crookes (1888) · William Henry Perkin (1889) · Hermann Emil Fischer (1890) · Viktor Meyer (1891) · François-Marie Raoult (1892) · Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Joseph Achille Le Bel (1893) · Per Teodor Cleve (1894) · William Ramsay (1895) · Henri Moissan (1896) · John Hall Gladstone (1897) · Johannes Wislicenus (1898) · Edward Schunck (1899) · Guglielmo Korner (1900)

1877-1900 · 1901-1950 · 1951-2000 · 2001-2025

V · D · M

Vincitori della Medaglia Liebig (Verein Deutscher Chemiker)

Adolf von Baeyer (1903) • Rudolf Knietsch (1904) • Eduard Buchner (1906) • Adolph Frank (1907) • Otto Schönherr (1908) • Otto Schott (1909) • Paul Ehrlich (1911) • Carl Dietrich Harries (1912) • Emil Ehrensberger (1913) • Fritz Haber (1914) • Carl Bosch (1919) • Max Planck (1921) •Wilhelm Normann (1922) • Max Schroeder (1924) • Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann (1925) • Robert-Emanuel Schmidt (1926) • Fritz Raschig (1927) • Friedrich Bergius (1928) • Hans Fischer (1929) • Otto Ruff (1930) • Friedrich Emich, Ida Noddack, Walter Noddack (1931) • Adolf Spilker (1933) • Ferdinand Flury (1934) • Walther A. Roth, Karl Ziegler (1935) • Gustav Franz Hüttig (1936) • Ernst Späth (1937) • Eduard Zintl (1938) • Otto Hönigschmid (1940) • Erich Konrad (1950) • Wilhelm Klemm (1951) • Wilhelm Moschel (1953) • Feodor Lynen (1955) • Heinrich Hock (1956) • Friedrich Adolf Paneth (1957) • Gerhard Schramm (1958) • Georg-Maria Schwab (1960) • Rolf Huisgen (1961) • Günter Scheibe (1964) • Wilhelm Husmann (1965) • Erich Thilo (1967) • Oskar Glemser (1969) • Hans-Werner Kuhn (1972) • Leopold Horner (1973) • Horst Pommer (1976) • Ernst Ruch (1980) • Armin Weiss (1981) • Dieter Oesterhelt (1983) • Ulrich Schöllkopf (1984) • Rolf Appel (1986) • Gerhard Ertl (1987) • Meinhart Zenk (1989) • Kurt Issleib (1991) • Reinhard W. Hoffmann (1993) • Wolfgang Beck (1994) • Werner Kutzelnigg (1996) • Helmut Schwarz (1998) • Reinhart Ahlrichs (2000) • Hans Wolfgang Spiess (2002) • Arndt Simon (2004) • Herbert Mayr (2006) • Wolfgang Krätschmer (2008) • Joachim Sauer (2010) • Walter Thiel (2012) • Hans-Ulrich Reißig (2014) • Markus Antonietti (2016) • Wolfgang Schnick (2018) • Herbert Waldmann (2020) • Claudia Felser (2022) • Katharina Landfester (2024)

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 51828495 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 8130 4794 · SBN SBLV071194 · LCCN (EN) n87822890 · GND (DE) 118646346 · BNF (FR) cb13167129p (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007258143505171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00620311

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