Romanisation (écriture)

La romanisation (ou latinisation) est la transcription ou la translittération d'une écriture non latine vers une écriture latine. La romanisation de la langue chinoise désigne en même temps cette transcription et le projet ambitieux de “moderniser” la langue en l'écrivant avec l'alphabet latin, sous l'égide de la république de Chine puis de la république populaire de Chine.

Normes de romanisation des langues altaïques

Normes de romanisation des langues austroasiatiques

Normes de romanisation des langues austronésiennes

  • Indonésien :
    • graphie « Van Ophuijsen » : en usage à partir de 1901, c'est la graphie du néerlandais appliquée au malais, langue véhiculaire et administrative dans ce qui était encore les Indes néerlandaises ;
    • graphie « républicaine » : introduite le par le gouvernement de la république d'Indonésie, elle se caractérise par quelques modifications de la graphie Van Ophuijsen, dont la plus notable est le remplacement de l'« oe » néerlandais par le « u ». On l'appelle plutôt graphie « Soewandi », d'après le ministre de l’Éducation de l'époque ;
    • Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (graphie perfectionnée), introduite en 1972 en remplacement de la graphie Soewandi et en vue d'harmoniser la graphie avec celle du malaisien.

Normes de romanisation des langues chamito-sémitiques

Normes de romanisation des langues dravidiennes

Normes de romanisation des langues indo-européennes

N.B. : Le serbe s'écrivant en caractères latins et en cyrillique, la romanisation du serbe est simplement la notation latine.

Normes de romanisation des langues japoniques

L' appartenance ou indépendance des langues japoniques aux langues altaïques est controversée (voir ces deux articles).

Normes de romanisation des langues sino-tibétaines

Liens externes

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