Diocèse d'Hispanie

Diocèse d'Hispanie
Diocesis Hispaniarum

IIIe siècle – 409

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Diocèse d'Hispanie
Informations générales
Capitale Colonia Emerita Augusta

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Division provinciale de Dioclétien en 298, avec cinq provinces à laquelle s'ajoute la Tingitana pour former le Diocesis Hispaniarum.

Le Diocesis Hispaniarum (diocèse des Espagnes) a été un des Diocèses de l'Empire romain qui ont existé durant le Bas empire. Il a été créé par l'empereur romain Dioclétien quand ce dernier a réalisé la réorganisation politique du territoire de l'Empire romain[1].

Histoire

Le Diocesis Hispaniarum a été créé sous le règne de l'empereur romain Dioclétien, quand a été réalisée une grande réorganisation administrative du territoire de l'Empire romain[1]. Les provinces du Haut Empire ont été divisées en d'autres plus petites et ont été attribuées aux différents Césars et Augustes du système de gouvernement de la Tétrarchie. Il était composé de six provinces : Baetica, Lusitania, Cartaginensis, Gallaecia, Tarraconensis et Tingitania. Plus tard, à l'époque des empereurs Constance Chlore et Constantin II, il a été ajouté une nouvelle province, celle de Baleares insulae.

La division du territoire du Bas Empire en diocèse a survécu à la Tétrarchie, et Constantin Ier s'est limité à regrouper divers diocèses dans les nouvelles préfectures du prétoire. Le Diocesis Hispaniarum a été assigné à la préfecture du prétoire des Gaules, avec les diocèses des Galiae et Britannia. Cependant, le diocèse a disparu en 409, quand les vandales, suèves et alains sont entrés dans la Péninsule.

Organisation administrative

Le Diocesis Hispaniarum s'est constitué par la modification de l'organisation provinciale héritée d'Auguste. Ainsi, les provinces du Haut Empire d'Hispania, de Lusitania et de Baetica ont maintenu leurs limites, mais la province Tarraconensis a été divisée en trois provinces de plus petite taille, la Gallaecia, la Carthaginensis et la Tarraconensis, enlevant à cette dernière les Baleares insulae au milieu du IVe siècle[2].

Les praesides ou gouverneurs de ces provinces hispaniques, auxquelles pour des raisons logistiques, on a ajouté la Mauretania Tingitana, ont été supervisées par un vicarius impérial chargé du Diocesis Hispaniarum, qui, en principe, a été inclus dans la zone d'influence du César Constance Chlore.

La capitale du Diocesis a été établie dans la capitale de la province Lusitania, la Colonia Emerita Augusta (correspondant à Mérida aujourd'hui), ce qui représentait un changement radical dans la politique impériale, car depuis l'époque d'Auguste, la province la plus importante d'Hispania et de premier rang avait été la Tarraconensis. La Tarraconensis a du céder sa place à la Lusitania.

Le vicarius Hispaniae avait à sa disposition un officium formé par divers types de bureaucrates, avec un cornicularius à leur tête[3], et des agents secrets, qui informaient directement l'empereur, y

Liste des provinces

Hispanie en 101

Notes et références

  1. a et b Voir : Laterculus Veronensis. XI:Dioecesis Hispaniarum habet provincias numero VII (sic): Baetica. Lusitaniam. Karthaginiensis. Gallecia. Tarraconensis. Mauretania Tingitania.
    Le Diocesis de las Hispanias comprenait sept provinces : Baetica, Lusitania, Cartaginensis, Gallaecia, Tarraconensis et Mauretania Tingitania
  2. Not. dig. occ. XXI: Vicarius Hispaniae. Sub dispositione viri spectabilis vicarii Hispaniarum: Consulares: Baeticae. Lusitaniae. Callaeciae. Praesides: Tarraconensis. Carthaginensis. Tingitaniae. Insularum Balearum. (...)
  3. Not. dig. occ. XXI: Vicarius Hispaniae. (...) Officium autem habet idem uir spectabilis vicarius hoc modo: Principem de scola agentum in rebus exducenariis. Cornicularium. Numerarios duos. Commentariensem. Adiutorem. Ab actis. Cura epistolarum. Subadiuuas. Exceptores. Singulares et reliquum officium Notarios.

Annexes

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