Swiftsure-luokka (taistelulaiva)

Tämä artikkeli kertoo ensimmäisessä maailmansodassa palvelleesta taistelulaivasta. Muita samannimisiä alusluokkia katso Swiftsure-luokka.
Swiftsure
kaavakuva luokan aluksesta
kaavakuva luokan aluksesta
Tekniset tiedot
Uppouma Swiftsure: 11 800 t (kuormattu)
Triumph: 11 985 t (kuormattu)
Pituus 146,2 m
Leveys 21,6 m
Syväys 7,7 m
Koneteho 12 500 hv
Nopeus 19 solmua
Miehistöä 800
Aseistus
Meritorjunta Swiftsure:
4 × 10"/L45 BL Mk VI tykkiä
14 × 7,5"/L50 BL Mk III tykkiä
14 × 14 naulan QF tykkiä
2 × 18" torpedoputkea
Triumph:
4 × 10"/L45 BL Mk VII tykkiä
14 × 7,5"/L50 BL Mk IV tykkiä
14 × 14 naulan QF tykkiä
2 × 18" torpedoputkea
Ilmatorjunta 2 × 12 naulan QF tykkiä
4 × 6 naulan QF tykkiä

Swiftsure-luokka oli Britannian Kuninkaallisen laivaston kahden taistelulaivan muodostama alusluokka. Alukset olivat Chilen hallituksen tilaamia, mutta Britannian hallitus lunasti alukset ennen niiden valmistumista.

Taustaa

Chile ja Argentiina olivat vuoden 1901 lopulla sodanpartaalla, jolloin Chile huolestui laivastonsa kyvystä vastata Argentiinan laivaston Italiasta tilattujen panssariristeilijöiden ARA Rivadavian ja ARA Morenon aiheuttamaan uhkaan. Sir Edward Reed, joka oli Chilessä terveydellisistä syistä, tapasi Chilen laivaston edustajia. Tapaamisissa tuotiin esille mahdollisuus joko ostaa tai valmistaa kaksi nopeaa vahvasti aseistettua taistelulaivaa Britanniasta. Ostamisesta luovuttiin, jolloin Reediä pyydettiin suunnittelemaan ja tilaamaan kaksi alusta. Chile tilasi 26. helmikuuta 1902 Constituciónin Armstrong Whitworthin Elswickin telakalta ja Libertadin Vickersin Barrow-in-Furnessin telakalta.[1]

Kriisi Argentiinan kanssa hiipui ja Argentiina suostui asettamaan panssariristeilijänsä myyntiin. Chilen taloudelliset mahdollisuudet tilaamiensa taistelulaivojen lunastamiseksi heikkenivät maan talousongelmien vuoksi ja Chile asetti alukset myyntiin alkuvuodesta 1903. Britannian hallituksen pelätessä,että Venäjä ostaa alukset se itse esitti alusten lunastamista. Britannian hallitus osti keskeneräiset alukset 3. joulukuuta 1903 Chileltä 2432000 punnalla. Alukset valmistuivat kesäkuussa 1904, jolloin ne liitettiin Britannian Kuninkaalliseen laivastoon nimillä HMS Switfsure ja HMS Triumph.[1]

Rakenne

Aseistus

Alusten aseistus oli muita Kuninkaallisen laivaston taistelulaivoja keveämpi. Aluksilla oli 10 tuuman pääaseet eikä standardin mukaisia 12-tuumaisia. Apuaseina oli kymmenen 7,5 tuumasta tykkiä, vaikka normaalisti käytettiin 6-tuumaisia.[2]

Suoja

Alusten suoja oli keveämpi kuin muilla tasitelulaivoilla, koska Chilen hallituksen vaatimuksena oli ollut pienehkö uppouma. Alusten kyljissä oli seitsemän tuuman panssarivyö ja tornien suojana oli 10 tuumaa terästä.[2]

Voimalähde

Aluksiin asennettiin 12 kappaletta laajaputkisia hiiltä polttavia Yarrow-kattiloita, joihin kytkettiin kolme sylinteriset höyrykoneet kaksine akseleineen. Alusten hiilivarastot mahdollistivat 6250 merimailin toimintasäteen 10 solmun nopeudella.[2]

Lähteet

  • Coward, B. R.: Battleships & Battlecruisers of the Royal Navy since 1861. Runnymede, Englanti: Ian Allan Ltd, 1986. ISBN 0-7110-1573-2 (englanniksi)
  • Gardiner Robert (ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905. Lontoo, Englanti: Conway Maritime Press, 2002. ISBN 0-85177-133-5 (englanniksi)
  • Gardiner Robert (ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921. Lontoo, Englanti: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5 (englanniksi)
  • Hore Peter: The Ironclads. Lontoo, Englanti: Anness Publishing Ltd, 2006. ISBN 1-84476-299-8 (englanniksi)

Viitteet

  1. a b Hore, Peter s. 52
  2. a b c Coward, B. R. s. 60

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