Sovhoosi

Sovhoosi (ven. совхо́з, сове́тское хозя́йство, sovhoz, sovetskoje hozjaistvo, ru-sovkhoz.ogg совхо́з (ohje) [sʌvˈxos]) eli neuvostotila oli Neuvostoliitossa valtion omistama maatila, erotukseksi kolhoosista, joka periaatteessa toimi osuustoimintaperiaatteella. Sovhoosien työntekijät saivat myös vakituista palkkaa, erotuksena kolhooseihin, joiden jäsenet jakoivat saamansa rahat. Kuten kolhooseissakin, olivat sovhoosien ihmiset sidottuja siihen sovhoosiin, johon he olivat syntyneet.[1]

Vuonna 1990 Neuvostoliitossa oli 25 500 maatilaa, joista sovhooseja 45 %. Tuolloin sovhoosien keskimääräinen pinta-ala oli 153 neliökilometriä, mikä oli kaksi kertaa niin paljon kuin keskimääräisellä kolhoosilla.[2]

Sovhooseja johti valtion nimittämä johtaja ja sovhoosien investoinnit rahoitettiin valtion budjetista. Vaikka sovhooseille maksettiin maataloustuotteista huonommin, niin olivat ne silti paremmassa taloudellisessa tilanteessa kuin kolhoosit.lähde? Tämä oli yksi suurimmista syistä muuttaa huonosti toimivat kolhoosit sovhooseiksi toisen maailmansodan aikana.

Yleisesti sovhooseja väitettiin kolhooseja tuottavammiksi. Tärkeiksi sovhoosit nousivat vehnän, kasvisten ja munien tuotannossa, eikä niinkään lihantuotannossa.

Kun aiemmin automaattinen valtiontuki lakkautettiin Neuvostoliiton mukana, sovhoosit menivät nopeasti konkurssiin.

Israelissa toimivia valtiontiloja kutsutaan nimellä mošav.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ How Russia is Ruled by Merle Fainsod, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1953 (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the USSR, State Statistical Committee of the USSR, Moscow, 1990 (venäjäksi)

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