Jakov Sverdlov

Jakov Sverdlov
Keskuskomitean puheenjohtaja (Neuvosto-Venäjän valtionpäämies)
1918 – 1919
Edeltäjä Lev Kamenev
Seuraaja Mihail Vladimirski
Henkilötiedot
Syntynyt3. kesäkuuta 1885
Nižni Novgorod
Kuollut16. maaliskuuta 1919 (33 vuotta)
Moskova

Jakov Mihailovitš Sverdlov (ven. Я́ков Миха́йлович Свердло́в, 3. kesäkuuta (J: 22. toukokuuta) 1885 Nižni Novgorod – 16. maaliskuuta 1919 Moskova) oli venäjänjuutalainen bolševikkipoliitikko.

Sverdlov syntyi Nižni Novgorodissa varakkaaseen aškenasijuutalaiseen kauppiasperheeseen.lähde? Hän liittyi vuonna 1902 Venäjän sosiaalidemokraattiseen työväenpuolueeseen ja otti osaa vuoden 1905 tapahtumiin. Vuosina 1906–1917 välisen ajan Sverdlov oli joko vangittuna tai karkotettuna. lähde?

Lokakuun vallankumouksen alussa Sverdlov valittiin yhdessä Josif Stalinin kanssa bolševikkipuolueen keskuskomiteaan.[1] Sverdlovin tiedetään keskuskomitean puheenjohtajan ominaisuudessa hyväksyneen silloisen Uralin neuvoston päätöksen keisari Nikolai II:n ja tämän perheen teloittamisesta vuonna 1918.[2]

Sverdlov toimi yleisvenäläisen toimeenpanevan keskuskomitean puhemiehenä eli Neuvosto-Venäjän nimellisenä valtionpäämiehenä marraskuusta 1917 aina maaliskuussa 1919 tapahtuneeseen kuolemaansa asti. Hänen virallinen kuolinsyynsä oli influenssa.

Sverdlovin kuoleman jälkeen Jekaterinburgin nimi vaihdettiin hänen kunniakseen Sverdlovskiksi. Boris Jeltsinin aikana nimi kuitenkin palautettiin muiden nimipalautusten mukana Jekaterinburgiksi, mutta ympäröivä alue kantaa kuitenkin yhä neuvostoaikaista nimeään Sverdlovskin alue. Ukrainan Luhanskin alueelle perustettiin myös Sverdlovsk-niminen kaupunki (Ukrainan mukaan nykyään Dovžansk, tosin kaupunkia hallitseva Luhanskin kansantasavalta käyttää yhä nimeä Sverdlovsk).

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Radzinski, Edvard: ”Suuren mestarin pelit”, Stalin, s. 108. Helsinki: WSOY, 1996.
  2. ↑ Massie,Ropert K.: Nikolai ja Aleksandra. Helsinki: WSOY, 1987.

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