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Khirbat al-'Umur

خربة العمور
chirbet el-'amur
Khirbat al-'Umur خربة العمور chirbet el-'amur
	To the left are the remains of the village (in the forest clearing on the spur), above the riverbed. Up the riverbed is the village spring and the villages of Ein Rafa and Ein Nakuba.
	Etymology: from Amorite
	1870s map 1940s map modern map 1940s with modern overlay map A series of historical maps of the area around Khirbat al-'Umur (click the buttons)
	Khirbat al-'Umur Location within Mandatory Palestine
	Coordinates: 31°47′37″N 35°05′56″E / 31.79361°N 35.09889°E
Palestine grid	159/133
Geopolitical entity	Mandatory Palestine
Subdistrict	Jerusalem
Date of depopulation	October 21, 1948
Area
• Total	4,163 dunams (4.163 km2 or 1.607 sq mi)
Population (1945)
• Total	270
Cause(s) of depopulation	Military assault by Yishuv forces
Current Localities	Giv'at Ye'arim

Khirbat al-'Umur was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine war by the Har'el Brigade during Operation Ha-Har. It was 12 km west of Jerusalem on the Wadi al-Ghadir.

History

An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that chirbet el-'amur had a population of 69, with a total of 13 houses, though the population count included men, only. It also noted that it was located in the District of Beni Malik, south of Abu Ghosh, and east of Saris.^[6]^[7]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described El Ammur as "A small hamlet on the slope above a deep valley. There is a fine perennial spring below on the south ('Ain Mahtush). There are olives beneath the village."^[8]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kherbet al-'Amur had a population of 137 Muslims,^[9] increasing in the 1931 census to 187 Muslims, in 45 houses.^[10]

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 270 Muslims,^[2] while the total land area was 4,163 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.^[3] Of this, 497 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,279 for cereals,^[11] while 10 dunams were classified as built-up areas.^[12]

Khirbat al-'Umur 1943 1:20,000 (left)
Khirbat al-'Umur 1945 1:250,000

1948, aftermath

Khirbat al-'Umur became depopulated on October 21, 1948, after military assault by Yishuv forces.^[4]

In 1950, Giv'at Ye'arim was founded on village land.^[5]

In 1992, the village site was described: "Stone rubble and window and door frames, partly hidden by wild grass, are scattered across the village site. Many stone terraces are visible. Cactuses grow on the east and north sides of the village site, and almond, olive, fig, and cypress trees grow on the village site itself. The village cemetery, to the south, is covered with dirt and grass but many graves are visible; tombstones stand at the head and foot of each one. The spring of 'Ayn al-'Umur and the stone structure around it can still be seen."^[5]

The spur on which the village was located, and on the other side of the riverbed, on the hill, Giv'at Ye'arim that was built on the village land
The remains of the village on the spur
Ein al-'Umur near the village. In the historical maps it is called Ein Mahtush.

References

^ Palmer, 1881, pp. 283, 268
^ ^a ^b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
^ ^a ^b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
^ ^a ^b Morris, 2004, p. xx, village #350. Also gives cause of depopulation, with a "(?)"
^ ^a ^b ^c Khalidi, 1992, p. 321
^ Socin, 1879, p. 150
^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 118 also noted 13 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 16
^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
^ Mills, 1932, p. 44
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153