Foreign relations of Uruguay

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This article deals with the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Uruguay. At the political level, these matters are officially handled by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, also known as Cancillería, which answers to the President.

Overview

Uruguay traditionally has had strong political and cultural links with its neighbours and Europe. British diplomat Alfred Mitchell-Innes was Minister to Uruguay throughout the crucial years of World War I (1913–1919).

With globalization and regional economic problems, its links to North America have strengthened. Uruguay is a strong advocate of constitutional democracy, political pluralism, and individual liberties. Its international relations historically have been guided by the principles of nonintervention, multilateralism, respect for national sovereignty, and reliance on the rule of law to settle disputes. Uruguay's international relations also reflect its drive to seek export markets and foreign investment. It is a founding member of MERCOSUR. In June 1991, MERCOSUR and the United States signed the Rose Garden Agreement (also known as the "Four Plus One" Agreement). The agreement was non-operational until June 2001 when MERCOSUR invited the U.S. to discuss the feasibility of market access negotiations. The first U.S.-MERCOSUR meeting was held on September 24, 2001, and resulted in the creation of four working groups on industrial trade, e-commerce, agriculture, and investment.

Uruguay was a member of the Rio Group, an association of Latin American states that deals with multilateral security issues (under the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance), prior to the group's dissolution in 2011. Uruguay's location between Argentina and Brazil makes close relations with these two larger neighbors and MERCOSUR associate members Chile and Bolivia particularly important. An early proponent of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, Uruguay has actively participated in the follow-up process to the periodic Summits of the Americas, especially the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). Often considered a neutral country and blessed with a professional diplomatic corps, Uruguay is often called on to preside international bodies. Most recently, Uruguay was selected to chair the FTAA and WTO agricultural committees and a Uruguayan presides over the WTO General Assembly. Uruguay also is a member of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), a trade association based in Montevideo that includes 10 South American countries plus Mexico and Cuba.

In 2020, the new right-wing president of Uruguay, Luis Lacalle Pou, announced that he will implement radical changes in Uruguay's foreign policy, taking a harder attitude against disputed President Nicolas Maduro's regime in Venezuela and improving relations with the U.S. The previous left-wing government of Uruguay had recognized Maduro as Venezuela's president. President Luis Lacalle Pou also declared the presidents of Venezuela and Cuba to be "dictators."[1]

Disputes - international: Uncontested disputes with Brazil over tiny Isla Brasilera at the mouth of the Quarai/Cuareim River near the Argentina tripoint, and, 225 kilometers upriver, over the 235 km2. Invernada River region, as to which tributary is the legitimate source of the Quarai/Cuareim River.

In the 1960s, the US Office of Public Safety helped in training Uruguayan police officers. Dan Mitrione taught torture methods used against the civilian population and the Tupamaros.[2]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Uruguay maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1   Switzerland 1828[3]
2  Argentina 29 September 1829[4]
3  Mexico 22 February 1831[5]
4  Brazil 15 May 1831[6]
5  France 8 April 1836[7]
6  Italy 29 October 1840[8]
7  Spain 9 October 1841[9]
8  Denmark 28 February 1842[10]
9  United Kingdom 15 July 1842[citation needed]
10  Bolivia 1 November 1843[11]
11  Paraguay 15 June 1845[12]
12  Peru 21 April 1852[13]
13  Portugal 16 October 1852[14]
14  Belgium 16 September 1853[15]
15  Germany 23 June 1856[16]
16  Russia 9 September 1857[17]
17  United States 2 October 1867[18]
18  Chile 9 July 1869[19]
19  Austria 7 December 1870[20]
—  Holy See 31 December 1877[21]
20  Colombia 25 August 1888[22]
21  Venezuela 27 May 1891[23]
22  Netherlands 15 April 1896[24][25]
23  Cuba 1 September 1902[26]
24  Serbia 19 February 1904[27]
25  Panama 28 October 1904[28]
26  Norway 3 April 1906[29]
27  Sweden 6 August 1906[30]
28  Guatemala 16 March 1907[31]
29  Ecuador 1 June 1914[32]
30  Poland 22 July 1920[33]
31  Czech Republic 16 August 1921[34]
32  Japan 24 September 1921[35]
33  Greece 1928[36]
34  Turkey 4 January 1929[37]
35  El Salvador 11 January 1929[38]
36  Honduras 11 January 1929[39]
37  Costa Rica 16 January 1930[40]
38  Egypt 25 February 1932[41]
39  Luxembourg 6 January 1934[42]
40  Finland 21 March 1935[43]
41  Romania 24 July 1935[44]
42  Dominican Republic 5 September 1945[45]
43  Haiti 5 September 1945[46]
44  Lebanon 25 October 1945[47]
45  Syria 11 October 1946[48]
46  Israel May 1948[49]
47  Australia 15 December 1948[50]
48  Canada January 1951[51]
49  Ireland 19 January 1955[52]
50  Hungary 14 June 1956[53]
51  Bulgaria 21 May 1958[54]
52  India 27 June 1960[55]
53  Morocco 20 December 1962[56]
54  Algeria 21 August 1964[41]
55  South Korea 7 October 1964[57]
56  Nicaragua 1964[58]
57  Pakistan 1964[58]
58  Nigeria 20 February 1965[41]
59  Tunisia 16 September 1965[41]
60  Indonesia 11 October 1965[59]
61  Trinidad and Tobago 22 November 1965[60]
62  Cyprus 24 November 1965[61]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1965[62]
63  Barbados 6 December 1967[63]
64  South Africa 22 April 1968[41]
65  Saudi Arabia 1974[64]
66  Malta 13 October 1975[65]
67  Philippines 29 December 1975[66]
68  New Zealand 1975[67]
69  Iraq 22 March 1976[68]
70  Thailand 15 June 1976[69]
71  Senegal 8 May 1978[41]
72  Suriname 9 March 1979[70]
73  United Arab Emirates 1 April 1980[71]
74  Equatorial Guinea 15 September 1981[41]
75  Ghana 24 May 1982[41]
76  Gabon 14 June 1982[41]
77  Kenya 20 July 1982[72]
78  Bahamas 25 November 1982[73]
79  Iran May 1983[74]
80  Democratic Republic of the Congo 31 April 1984[41]
81  Ivory Coast 1 September 1984[41]
82  Jamaica 23 May 1985[75]
83  Guyana 3 June 1985[75]
84  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13 June 1985[76]
85  Grenada 20 September 1985[75]
86  Jordan 14 January 1987[77]
87  Angola 6 March 1987[41]
88  Qatar 16 March 1987[78]
89  Tanzania 1 April 1987[41]
90  Oman 7 April 1987[79]
91  Antigua and Barbuda 27 April 1987[80]
92  Bangladesh 21 July 1987[81]
93  Singapore 15 September 1987[82]
94  Republic of the Congo 22 September 1987[41]
95  Belize 28 September 1987[75]
96  Albania 18 October 1987[83]
97  Malaysia 5 January 1988[75]
98  China 3 February 1988[75]
99  Central African Republic 1988[41]
100  Saint Kitts and Nevis 1988[84]
101  Mauritania 25 March 1989[41]
102  Saint Lucia 1 September 1989[75]
103  Cape Verde 17 April 1990,[41]

10 September 2013[75]

104  São Tomé and Príncipe 26 September 1990[41]
105  Afghanistan 4 October 1990[75]
106  Iceland 18 June 1991[85]
107  Libya 4 October 1991[41]
108  Ukraine 18 May 1992[86]
109  Armenia 27 May 1992[87]
110  Latvia 6 July 1992[75]
111  Belarus 7 July 1992[75]
112  Estonia 30 September 1992[75]
113  Slovakia 1 January 1993[88]
114  Lithuania 8 March 1993[75]
115  Slovenia 26 April 1993[75]
116  Croatia 4 May 1993[89]
117  Kazakhstan 30 July 1993[75]
118  Vietnam 11 August 1993[75]
119  Kyrgyzstan 13 August 1993[75]
120  Mozambique 28 October 1993[56]
121  Georgia 11 May 1994[90]
122  Namibia 13 September 1994[41]
123  Cambodia 29 September 1994[75]
124  Brunei September 1994[91]
125  Azerbaijan 11 January 1995[75]
126  Bahrain 25 May 1995[92]
127  Bosnia and Herzegovina 28 September 1995[75]
128  Moldova 14 May 1996[75]
129  Turkmenistan 16 July 1996[93]
130  Fiji 17 September 1996[75]
131  Andorra 27 November 1996[94]
132  Mongolia 7 October 1997[75]
133  Uzbekistan 25 May 1998[95]
134  Lesotho 26 May 1998[41]
135  Tajikistan 1 October 1998[75]
136  Zimbabwe 9 April 1999[56]
137  Sri Lanka 21 July 1999[75]
138  San Marino 22 September 1999[75]
139  Liechtenstein 30 September 1999[96]
140  Myanmar 22 February 2001[75]
141  Monaco 10 April 2001[97]
142  North Macedonia 17 May 2002[98]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 26 December 2005[41]
143  Botswana 4 May 2007[41]
144  Liberia 1 June 2007[41]
145  Guinea 19 June 2007[41]
146  Burkina Faso 28 August 2007[41]
147  Gambia 25 September 2007[41]
148  Togo 28 September 2007[41]
149  Djibouti 12 February 2008[41]
150  Benin 14 February 2008[41]
151  East Timor 23 September 2008[99]
152  Seychelles 12 November 2008[41]
153  Maldives 24 February 2009[75]
154  Montenegro 25 February 2009[100]
155  Comoros 14 May 2009[41]
156  Rwanda 16 June 2009[41]
157  Vanuatu 6 August 2009[75]
158  Marshall Islands 2 December 2009[75]
159  Guinea-Bissau 26 March 2010[41]
160  Sierra Leone 22 September 2010[41]
161  Solomon Islands 4 February 2011[75]
162  Dominica 1 March 2011[101]
163  Nauru 23 March 2011[102]
164  Ethiopia 23 March 2011[41]
—  State of Palestine 29 March 2011[75]
165  Tuvalu 9 September 2011[75]
166    Nepal 18 April 2012[75]
167  Niger 6 March 2013[41]
168  Samoa 21 May 2013[75]
169  Federated States of Micronesia 5 September 2013[75]
170  Cameroon 18 December 2017[41]
171  Mauritius 15 May 2019[75]
172  Tonga 14 March 2024[103]
173  Laos 19 September 2024[75]
174  Kuwait Unknown
175  Mali Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria
  • Algeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Algeria from its embassy in Paris, France.
 Angola See Angola–Uruguay relations
  • Angola has a consulate-general in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo

In December 2021, President Luis Lacalle Pou paid a visit to Bukavu and Goma and visited with Uruguayan soldiers stationed there as part of MONUSCO in Eastern DR Congo.[104]

  • DR Congo is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to the DR Congo from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Egypt See Egypt–Uruguay relations
 Ethiopia
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 Ghana
  • Ghana is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay does not have an accreditation to Ghana.
 Libya 4 October 1991

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1991.[107]

  • Libya is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
 Namibia
  • Namibia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Nigeria
  • Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 SADR 26 December 2005
 Senegal
  • Senegal is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Senegal from its embassy in Paris, France.
 South Africa See South Africa–Uruguay relations
  • South Africa is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Pretoria.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 20 July 1811 See Argentina–Uruguay relations

Uruguay and Argentina established diplomatic relations on July 20, 1811. Uruguay gained its independence after the Cisplatine War, with Argentine aid. During the Uruguayan Civil War, Argentina supported the National Party. The countries were allied during the Paraguayan War.

Since the end of the 19th century, both countries have shared a similar pattern of European immigration. They have very close economic, cultural and political ties with each other. Between the 1960s and the 1990s there was much Uruguayan immigration to Argentina. Today, there are around 120,000 people of Uruguayan descent living in Argentina.

In 2006 the countries had their first diplomatic tensions over the Pulp mill dispute, which was resolved in 2010.

  • Argentina has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Bolivia See Bolivia–Uruguay relations
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in La Paz.
 Belize 28 September 1987
 Brazil See Brazil–Uruguay relations
  • Brazil and Uruguay are neighboring countries that share close historical, cultural and geographical ties. The singularity of the bilateral relationship between the two countries originates from the strong historical connection - marked by important events, such as the establishment of the Colônia do Sacramento in 1680, the annexation by Brazil and the subsequent creation of the Província Cisplatina in 1815, and Uruguay's independence from Brazil in 1828.[109]
  • The signing of the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 initiated a period of closer political, economical and diplomatic ties.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada 1953 See Canada–Uruguay relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Montevideo.[110]
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Ottawa, two consulates general in Montreal and Toronto, and an honorary consulate in Vancouver.[111]
  • Canada and Uruguay have a Foreign Investment Protection Agreement (FIPA) which came into force in 1999; a bilateral Social Security Agreement that came into force in January 2002; and a bilateral Audiovisual Co-Production Agreement to encourage joint film productions, which came into force in October 2005.
  • Both countries are full members of the Cairns Group and of the Organization of American States.
 Chile See Chile–Uruguay relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Santiago.
 Colombia See Colombia–Uruguay relations
  • Colombia has an embassy in Montevideo.[112]
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Bogotá.
 Costa Rica See Costa Rica–Uruguay relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in San José.
 Cuba See Cuba–Uruguay relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominican Republic See Dominican Republic–Uruguay relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Ecuador See Ecuador–Uruguay relations
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Quito.
 El Salvador See El Salvador–Uruguay relations
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in San Salvador.
 Guatemala See Guatemala–Uruguay relations
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Guatemala City.
 Guyana 3 June 1985
 Haiti
  • Hait is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
 Honduras See Honduras–Uruguay relations
  • Honduras is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Honduras from its embassy in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
 Jamaica
  • Jamaica is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Jamaica from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
 Mexico 22 February 1831 See Mexico–Uruguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on the 22 February 1831.

 Nicaragua See Nicaragua–Uruguay relations
  • Nicaragua is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
 Panama See Panama–Uruguay relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
 Paraguay See Paraguay–Uruguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 6, 1845. During the Paraguayan War, even if Uruguay was the smallest member of the coalition which Paraguay had to face, soldiers of both countries fought each other during three major battles: Battle of Jataí, Battle of Tuyutí and Battle of Curupaity. Both countries were founding members of the Mercosur. Both countries are full members of the Latin Union, of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, of the Organization of American States, of the Organization of Ibero-American States, of the Union of South American Nations, and of the former Rio Group.

  • Paraguay has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Asunción.
 Peru See Peru–Uruguay relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1912, but various agreements were informally passed during the second half of the 19th century. Both countries are full members of the Latin Union, of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, of the Organization of American States, of the Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations, and of the former Rio Group.

  • Peru has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Lima.
 Suriname
  • Suriname is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
 United States See United States–Uruguay relations

Uruguay cooperates with the U.S. on law enforcement matters, such as regional efforts to fight drug trafficking and terrorism. It has also been very active in human rights issues. In 2002, Uruguay and the U.S. created a Joint Commission on Trade and Investment (JCTI) to exchange ideas on a variety of economic topics. In March 2003, the JCTI identified six areas of concentration until the eventual signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): customs issues, intellectual property protection, investment, labor, environment, and trade in goods. In late 2004, Uruguay and the U.S. signed an Open Skies Agreement, which was ratified in May 2006. In November 2005, they signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), which entered into force on November 1, 2006. A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed in January 2007. More than 80 U.S.-owned companies operate in Uruguay, and many more market U.S. goods and services.

 Venezuela See Uruguay–Venezuela relations
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Montevideo.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 27 May 1992 See Armenia–Uruguay relations
 Azerbaijan 11 January 1995[118] See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 China 1988 See China–Uruguay relations
  • China has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Beijing.
 Georgia
  • Georgia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
 India See India–Uruguay relations
  • India is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in New Delhi.
 Indonesia
  • Indonesia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Indonesia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
 Iran See Iran–Uruguay relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Tehran.
 Israel See Israel–Uruguay relations
 Japan September 1921 See Japan–Uruguay relations
 Jordan
  • Jordan is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Jordan from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
 Lebanon 1945 See Lebanon–Uruguay relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Beirut.
 Malaysia See Malaysia–Uruguay relations
  • Malaysia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
 Pakistan
  • In 2006 a commercial agreement was celebrated between Pakistan and Mercosur (a trade bloc of which Uruguay is part).[122] There is a Pakistan-Uruguay Chamber of Commerce.[123][124][125] *When war broke out in East Pakistan in 1971, Uruguay initially hesistated to take sides. However, on August 24, 1971, Uruguay recognized Bangladesh (hithero East Pakistan) as an independent state.[126]
  • In 2007 Montevideo hosted the first 'International Kashmir Conference'. The Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan took part in the event, which was co-organized by the Catholic University of Uruguay.[127][128] Khan met with a number of Uruguayan senators during his stay.[129]
  • Pakistan is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Pakistan from is embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Palestine See Palestine–Uruguay relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Ramallah.
 Philippines
  • Philippines is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea.
 Qatar
  • Qatar has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Doha.
 Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Arabia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Riyadh.
 Singapore
  • Singapore does not have an accreditation to Uruguay.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Singapore from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
 South Korea 7 October 1964[130] See South Korea–Uruguay relations
 Turkey 1929[132] See Turkey–Uruguay relations
  • Turkey has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.[132]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$341.4 million in 2019 (Uruguay's exports/imports: 298.6/42.8 million USD).[132]
 United Arab Emirates
  • United Arab Emirates is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
 Vietnam See Uruguay–Vietnam relations
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Andorra 27 November 1996
  • Andorra does not have an accreditation to Uruguay.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
 Austria See Austria–Uruguay relations
  • Austria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Vienna.
 Belarus 1992
  • Belarus is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.
 Belgium See Belgium–Uruguay relations
  • Belgium is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Brussels.
 Czech Republic See Czech Republic–Uruguay relations
  • Czech Republic is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[133]
  • Uruguay is accredited to the Czech Republic from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.[134]
 Denmark
  • Denmark is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Copenhagen.
 Finland 21 March 1935 See Finland–Uruguay relations
  • Uruguay recognised the independence of Finland on August 18, 1919.
  • Finland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Helsinki.
 France 1825 See France–Uruguay relations
 Germany 1850 See Germany–Uruguay relations
 Greece See Greece–Uruguay relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Athens.
 Holy See See Holy See–Uruguay relations
  • Holy See and an apostolic nunciature in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Rome accredited to the Holy See.
 Hungary See Hungary–Uruguay relations
  • Hungary is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and has an embassy office in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
 Iceland
  • Iceland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in London, United Kingdom and maintains an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.
 Ireland
  • Approximately 120,000 Uruguayans have Irish ancestors.
  • Ireland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
 Italy 1861 See Italy–Uruguay relations
 Netherlands See Netherlands–Uruguay relations
  • Netherlands is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in The Hague.
 Norway
  • Norway is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Norway from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
 Poland See Poland–Uruguay relations
  • Poland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Portugal See Portugal–Uruguay relations
  • Portugal has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Lisbon.
 Romania See Romania–Uruguay relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Bucharest.
 Russia See Russia–Uruguay relations

Russia is looking for cooperation with Uruguay in the field of nuclear energy, the Russian ambassador to Latin America said: "Our countries could maintain cooperation in the sphere of nuclear energy although Uruguay's legislation bans the use of nuclear energy". The diplomat said Uruguayan officials had shown interest in a floating nuclear power plant, when the project's presentation took place at the Russian Embassy recently. The first floating plant will have capacity of 70 MW of electricity, and about 300 MW of thermal power. The cost of the first plant is estimated at US$400 million, but could later be reduced to $240 million. This year marks the 150th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Russia and Uruguay.

 Serbia 1950

Both countries have established diplomatic relations in September 1950.[137] A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[138]

  • Serbia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
 Spain 19 July 1870 See Spain–Uruguay relations
 Sweden See Sweden–Uruguay relations
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains and honorary consulate in Montevideo.
  Switzerland 1828 See Switzerland–Uruguay relations

Both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations, and they established diplomatic relations in 1828.[141] In the twentieth century, Uruguay has looked to Switzerland as a model for government, historical and cultural ties go back to at least the nineteenth century.[142] There are 956 people with Swiss passports residing in Uruguay in 2009. Uruguay was described as the "Switzerland of the Americas" in a 1951 New York Times article for its popularity as a haven for capital fleeing Europe at the time and its adoption of Swiss-inspired banking laws. Thomas J. Knight also wrote that "Uruguay has for most of its history been the 'Switzerland' of South America."[143]

  • Switzerland has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Bern.
 Ukraine
  • Ukraine is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[144]
  • Uruguay is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Moscow (Russia) and through an honorary consulate in Kyiv.
  • There are around 10,000 people of Ukrainian descent living in Uruguay.
 United Kingdom 1825 See United Kingdom–Uruguay relations

Uruguay established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom in 1825.

  • Uruguay maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Uruguay through its embassy in Montevideo.[145]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[146] the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[147]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia See Australia–Uruguay relations
 Fiji
  • Fiji is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Fiji from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
 New Zealand

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Cameselle-Pesce, Pedro M. "Forgotten neighbors: The challenge of Uruguay-United States relations during the era of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1929-1945" (PhD. Diss. Fordham University, 2016; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10256204).
  • Knarr, James C., "Uruguay and the United States, 1903–1929: Diplomacy in the Progressive Era" New Studies in U.S. Foreign Relations (2012). online Archived 2020-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
  • Luján, Carlos. "Brazil as a global stakeholder: a view from Uruguay." in Foreign policy responses to the rise of Brazil: balancing power in emerging states (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016) pp. 90-113. online
  • Meyer, Peter J. "Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and US Relations." (Library Of Congress Washington Dc Congressional Research Service, 2010) online.
  • Travieso, Emiliano. "United by grass, separated by coal: Uruguay and New Zealand during the First Globalization." Journal of Global History 15.2 (2020): 269–289. online
  • Urdinez, Francisco, Camilo López Burian, and Amâncio Jorge de Oliveira. "Mercosur and the Brazilian leadership challenge in the era of Chinese growth: a Uruguayan foreign policy perspective." New Global Studies 10.1 (2016): 1-25. online
  • Winn, Peter. "British informal empire in Uruguay in the nineteenth century." Past & Present 73 (1976): 100-126. online