Compsemys

Compsemys; Temporal range: Santonian–Paleocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Pantestudines
Clade:	Testudinata
Clade:	†Paracryptodira
Family:	†Compsemydidae
Genus:	†Compsemys; Leidy, 1856
Species
	C. victa Leidy, 1856; ?C. russelli (Pérez-García, 2012);
Synonyms
	?Berruchelus Pérez-García 2012;

Compsemys is an extinct genus of prehistoric turtles from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America and possibly Europe. The type species C. victa, first described by Joseph Leidy from the Hell Creek Formation in Montana in 1856,^[1] and another probable species C. russelli (originally placed in the separate genus Berruchelus), described in 2012, from Paleocene deposits in France. Its affinites have long been uncertain,^[1] but it has recently been considered to be the most basal member of Paracryptodira, despite the clade first appearing in the Late Jurassic, and is sometimes included in its own family, Compsemydidae.^[2]^[3] A revision in 2020 found Compsemydidae to be more expansive, also containing Riodevemys and Selenemys from the Late Jurassic of Europe, and Peltochelys from the Early Cretaceous of Europe.^[4]

Compsemys was a moderately sized turtle, up to 30 cm (12 in) long, with a carapace covered with raised, flattened tubercles, which are not seen in any other turtle. This allows even small shell fragments to be identified as Compsemys.^[5] The skull resembles that of the alligator turtle, with a sharply hooked beak; Compsemys must have been an aquatic carnivore.^[5] The oldest known shell fragments identifiable as Compsemys are known from the Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous in North America, while European remains are not known until the Paleocene. Compsemys is suggested to have dispersed into Europe during the early Paleocene via Greenland. The morphology of the skull suggests that Compsemys was a hypercarnivorous snapping turtle.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Laurie J. Bryant (1989). "Systematic Paleontology". Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana. Volume 134 of University of California publications in geological sciences. University of California Press. pp. 10–58. ISBN 978-0-520-09735-3.
^ A. Pérez-García, R. Royo-Torres, and A. Cobos. 2015. A new European Late Jurassic pleurosternid (Testudines, Paracryptodira) and a new hypothesis of paracryptodiran phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13(4):351-369
^ ^a ^b Joyce, Walter G.; Anquetin, Jérémy (October 2019). "A Review of the Fossil Record of Nonbaenid Turtles of the Clade Paracryptodira". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 60 (2): 129–155. doi:10.3374/014.060.0204. ISSN 0079-032X. S2CID 203780510.
^ Joyce, Walter G.; Rollot, Yann (2020-05-14). "An alternative interpretation of Peltochelys duchastelii as a paracryptodire". Fossil Record. 23 (1): 83–93. doi:10.5194/fr-23-83-2020. ISSN 2193-0066.
^ ^a ^b Martin Jehle (April 1, 2006). "Turtles: Business as usual". Paleocene mammals of the world. Retrieved October 10, 2010.