Captain Blood (novel)

Captain Blood: His Odyssey
	1922 dust jacket cover
Author	Rafael Sabatini
Language	English
Subject	Piracy, justice
Publisher	Houghton Mifflin Company
Publication date	1922
Publication place	England

Captain Blood: His Odyssey is an adventure novel by Rafael Sabatini, originally published in 1922.

Development

Sabatini was a proponent of basing historical fiction as closely as possible on history. Although Blood is a fictional character, much of the historical background of the novel is loosely based on fact.^[1] A group of Monmouth rebels was indeed condemned to ten years' hard labor in Barbados, very similar to chattel slavery;^[2] and the shifting political alliances of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 are used in the novel as a plot device to allow Blood's return to respectability.

Sabatini based the first part of the story of Blood on Henry Pitman, a surgeon who tended the wounded Monmouth rebels and was sentenced to death by Judge Jeffreys, but whose sentence was commuted to penal transportation to Barbados where he escaped and was captured by pirates.^[1] Unlike the fictional Blood, Pitman did not join them, and eventually made his way back to England where he wrote a popular account of his ordeal.^[3] For Blood's life as a buccaneer, Sabatini used several models, including Henry Morgan and the work of Alexandre Exquemelin, for historical details.^[1]

Sabatini first introduced the character Captain Blood in a series of eight short stories in Premier Magazine as Tales of the Brethren of the Main, published from December 1920 to March 1921, and reprinted in Adventure Magazine from January to May 1921, with a novella "Captain Blood's Dilemma", published in Premier Magazine in April 1921 (and Adventure Magazine in October 1921).^[a] The Odyssey-like story arc of these tales was then woven by Sabatini into a continuous narrative in novel form, published as Captain Blood: His Odyssey in 1922.^[22]

Synopsis

The protagonist is the sharp-witted Dr. Peter Blood, a fictional Irish physician who had had a wide-ranging career as a soldier and sailor (including a commission as a captain under the Dutch admiral De Ruyter) before settling down to practice medicine in the town of Bridgwater in Somerset. The story is told from the perspective of an omniscient narrator, who enables the reader to see the thoughts and views of many different characters. The narrator—perhaps meant to be Sabatini himself—claims to have acquired the story from the ship's logs of Blood's longtime companion Jeremy Pitt.

The book opens with him attending to his geraniums while the town prepares to fight for James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth. He wants no part in the rebellion, but while attending to some of the rebels wounded at the Battle of Sedgemoor, Peter is arrested. During the Bloody Assizes, he is convicted by the infamous Judge Jeffreys of treason on the grounds that "if any person be in actual rebellion against the King, and another person—who really and actually was not in rebellion—does knowingly receive, harbour, comfort, or succour him, such a person is as much a traitor as he who indeed bore arms."

The sentence for treason is death by hanging, but King James II, for purely financial reasons, has the sentence for Blood and other convicted rebels commuted to transportation to penal servitude in the Caribbean. Upon arrival on the island of Barbados, Blood is bought by Colonel William Bishop, initially for forced work in the Colonel's prison farms but later hired out by Bishop when Blood's skills as a physician prove superior to those of the local doctors. During his period of slavery, Blood wins the pity and sympathy of Arabella, Colonel Bishop's niece.

When a Spanish force attacks and raids Bridgetown, Blood escapes with a number of other convicts (including former shipmaster Jeremy Pitt, the one-eyed giant Edward Wolverstone, former gentleman Nathaniel Hagthorpe, former Royal Navy petty officer Nicholas Dyke and former Royal Navy master gunner Ned Ogle). The escapees capture the Spaniards' ship and sail away to become some of the most successful pirates in the Caribbean, hated and feared by the Spanish but always sparing English ships. Colonel Bishop, humiliated by Blood's superior abilities and daring escape, devotes himself to capturing and executing Blood.

After the Glorious Revolution, Blood is pardoned. As a reward for saving the colony of Jamaica from a French assault, he is appointed its governor in place of Colonel Bishop, who had abandoned his post to hunt for Blood, and the novel ends with the implication that Blood will not only marry Arabella but will also generously forgive Bishop.

Influence

Continuation

Captain Blood won enormous popularity, but instead of continuing Blood's adventures in sequels, Sabatini wrote fifteen more short stories set during Captain Blood's pirate career. Two of these tales ("The War Indemnity" and "Blood Money") may be viewed as continuations of events of the original novel, but all the stories are contained within the timeframe of Captain Blood (a sidequel).^[b]

Eight of these new stories were published in 1931 as Captain Blood Returns (retitled The Chronicles of Captain Blood in the British publication) along with two of the Tales of the Brethren of the Main that had not been incorporated into Captain Blood. A second collection, The Fortunes of Captain Blood was published in 1936, consisting of six new stories, and one final story, "The Remedy", which takes place almost immediately after Blood's trial before Judge Jeffreys and in which Peter Blood is not the primary character but is prominently figured. It was also included in Sabatini's collection of short stories Turbulent Tales, published in 1946.^[22]

The book was especially popular in Russia. Several Russian authors wrote moderately popular sequels, such as Children of Captain Blood by Tatyana Vinogradova, and Captain Blood: His Iliad by Mikhail Popov.^{[citation needed]}

Literary references

The bitter aftermath of the Monmouth Rebellion also features prominently in Arthur Conan Doyle's novel Micah Clarke (1889).

In the opening chapter of Arturo Pérez-Reverte's novel The Club Dumas (1993), two characters discuss their favourite novel by Sabatini; book dealer Lucas Corso declares his preference for Captain Blood.

Alan Moore's comic book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen incorporates many characters from classic books, including Peter Blood as a member of the Pirates' Conference in The New Traveller's Almanac (2002–2003).

Adaptations

Film

Captain Blood (1924), starring J. Warren Kerrigan
Captain Blood (1935), starring Errol Flynn
Fortunes of Captain Blood (1950), starring Louis Hayward
Captain Pirate (1952), aka Captain Blood, Fugitive (UK), starring Louis Hayward
The Son of Captain Blood (1962), starring Sean Flynn (Errol Flynn's son)
L'odyssée du capitaine Blood (1991), starring Yves Lambrecht: a Franco-Russian co-production which had a 1991 theatrical release in the USSR (as Одиссея капитана Блада) and was a March 1992 two-episode broadcast by France 3

Audio

Captain Blood. Full Cast Audio production (2006) The Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air. Released by Blackstone Audio.

Comics

Captain Blood, adapted in Fast Fiction #2, 1949, reprinted in Stories by Famous Authors Illustrated #2, 1950.
Captain Blood: The Legacy, a five-issue sepia-toned comic adaptation of the novel by Matt Shepherd and Mike Shoyket (2009, SLG Comics)

Video games

Notes

^
The Tales of the Brethren of the Main were:
1. "The Rebels Convicts" (Premier Magazine title)^[4] / "Rebels Convict" (Adventure Magazine title)^[5]
2. "Don Diego Valdez"^[6]^[7]
3. "The Governor's Daughter" (Premier Magazine title)^[8] / "The Prize" (Adventure Magazine title)^[9]
4. "Maracaybo"^[10]^[11]
5. "Blood-Money"^[12]^[13]
6. "Santa Maria"^[14]^[15]
7. "Lord Julian's Mission"^[16]^[17]
8. "Hostage" (Premier Magazine title)^[18] / "The Hostage" (Adventure Magazine title)^[19]
- "Governor Blood" (Premier Magazine title)^[20] / "Captain Blood's Dilemma" (Adventure Magazine title)^[21]
^ Despite this, Sabatini set one story ("The King's Messenger" from Captain Blood Returns) in May 1690, even though he had earlier established Blood's piratical career as having ended in 1689.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Sabatini, Rafael. "Historical Fiction". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ "The Bloody Assize". Somerset County Council. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
^ Vallar, Cindy (2009). "Captain Blood: The History behind the Novel". Pirates and Privateers: The History of Maritime Piracy. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (3 December 1920). "The Rebels Convicts". Premier Magazine (102). Illustrated by Gordon Grant: 3–15.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (3 January 1921). "Rebels Convict". Adventure Magazine: 49–57.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (17 December 1920). "Don Diego Valdez". Premier Magazine (103). Illustrated by Gordon Grant: 3–15.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (15 January 1921). "Don Diego Valdez". Adventure Magazine: 33–42.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (31 December 1920). "The Governor's Daughter". Premier Magazine (104). Illustrated by Gordon Grant: 35–47.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (1 February 1921). "The Prize". Adventure Magazine: 71–81.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (14 January 1921). "Maracaybo". Premier Magazine (105). Illustrated by Gordon Grant: 37–47.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (12 February 1921). "Maracaybo". Adventure Magazine: 81–89.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (28 January 1921). "Blood-Money". Premier Magazine (106): 25–35.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (30 March 1921). "Blood-Money". Adventure Magazine: 168–177.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (11 February 1921). "Santa Maria". Premier Magazine (107). Illustrated by Marny: 67–76.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (13 April 1921). "Santa Maria". Adventure Magazine: 152–161.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (25 February 1921). "Lord Julian's Mission". Premier Magazine (109): 21–32.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (25 April 1921). "Lord Julian's Mission". Adventure Magazine: 151–161.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (11 March 1921). "Hostage". Premier Magazine (108): 49–58.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (7 May 1921). "The Hostage". Adventure Magazine: 143–152.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (22 April 1921). "Governor Blood". Premier Magazine (112). Illustrated by Marny: 84–114.
^ Sabatini, Rafael (20 October 1921). "Captain Blood's Dilemma". Adventure Magazine: 148–175.
^ ^a ^b Heredia, Ruth (June 2013). Choat, Colin (ed.). "Preface". Brethren of the Main: A Project Gutenberg of Australia Compilation. Project Gutenberg Australia. Retrieved 28 July 2013.