Centràrquids

Infotaula d'ésser viuCentràrquids
Centrarchidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Lepomis humilis
Període
Eocè - recent[1]
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseActinopteri
OrdreCentrarchiformes
FamíliaCentrarchidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Cope
Distribució
lang= Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Ambloplites ariommus
Centrarchus macropterus
Enneacanthus gloriosus
Exemplar de Lepomis megalotis capturat al riu Coosa (Alabama)
Archoplites interruptus
Lepomis cyanellus
Enneacanthus chaetodon
Lepomis microlophus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Micropterus dolomieu
Lepomis auritus
Pomoxis annularis
Ambloplites rupestris
Micropterus treculii
Enneacanthus obesus

Els centràrquids (Centrarchidae) constitueixen una família de peixos pertanyent a l'ordre dels perciformes.[2]

Etimologia

Del grec kentron ('espina', 'fibló') + grec archos ('anus').[3]

Descripció

La majoria de les espècies fan entre 20 i 30 cm de llargària total, encara que n'hi ha d'altres que són molt més petites o més grosses (com ara, la perca americana -Micropterus salmoides-, la qual pot assolir 1 m de longitud).[4] Es caracteritzen per tindre dues aletes dorsals, normalment unides: una composta per una part anterior espinosa poc elevada i l'altra més elevada i amb radis tous.[5] 3 espines a l'aleta anal i 5-13 espines a la dorsal (tot i que la majoria de llurs espècies en tenen entre 10 i 12).[6] La coloració dels exemplars joves empal·lideix amb l'edat.[5]

Reproducció

Ponen els ous damunt la sorra:[5] els mascles de la majoria d'aquestes espècies construeixen un niu amb la cua en una depressió del terreny per dipositar-hi els ous de les femelles i, a continuació, ells mateixos s'encarreguen de protegir-los dels depredadors.[7] Els ous són del mateix color que la sorra i s'enganxen entre si formant grups. Durant la fresa, la femella és força més acolorida que el mascle.[5]

Alimentació

Totes les seues espècies són carnívores i cacen llurs preses.[5]

Hàbitat i distribució geogràfica

Són peixos d'aigua dolça[3] que, originalment, estaven restringits a certes zones de l'Amèrica del Nord (a l'est de les muntanyes Rocoses),[5] però, com que són molt apreciats pels afeccionats de la pesca esportiva, han estat introduïts arreu de les zones subàrtiques de tot el planeta (com ara, la perca americana -Micropterus salmoides- i el peix sol -Lepomis gibbosus-) i, en alguns casos, hi han esdevingut veritables plagues.[6] Prefereixen les aigües clares, netes i densament proveïdes de plantes.[5]

Gèneres i espècies

Segons FishBase :

Altres divisions

Segons ITIS :

Segons WRMS:[53]

Observacions

Algunes espècies són apreciades com a peixos d'aquari, d'altres són objecte de la pesca esportiva mentre que unes poques són emprades en la realització d'experiments científics.[3]

Referències

  1. Berg, L.S., 1958. System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín.
  2. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 FishBase (anglès)
  4. Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C., 1998. Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. Pp. 187. ISBN 0-12-547665-5
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 Petrovický, Ivan, 2010?. Peces de acuario. Madrid: Tikal. Enciclopedia de la ciencia. ISBN 9788492678303. Pàg. 310.
  6. 6,0 6,1 «Centrarchidae (Family)» (en anglès). ZipcodeZoo.com. Arxivat de l'original el 10 d’abril 2012. [Consulta: 20 maig 2011].
  7. Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C., 1998.
  8. Gill, T. N., 1864. Review of Holbrook's Ichthyology of South Carolina. Am. J. Sci. Arts (Ser. 2) v. 37 (art. 10): 89-94.
  9. Baird, S. F., 1855. Report on the fishes observed on the coast of New Jersey and Long Island during the summer of 1854. Smithson. Inst. Annu. Rep. for 1854: 317-352 + 2nd 337.
  10. Rafinesque C. S., 1820. Ichthyologia Ohiensis (Part 3). Western Rev. Misc. Mag. v. 2 (núm. 1). 49-57.
  11. Viosca, P., Jr., 1936. A new rock bass from Louisiana and Mississippi. Copeia 1936 (núm. 1): 37-45.
  12. Cope, E. D., 1868. On the distribution of fresh-water fishes in the Allegheny region of southwestern Virginia. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (Ser. 2) v. 6 (art. 5): 207-247, Pls. 26-28.
  13. Cashner, R. C. & R. D. Suttkus, 1977. Ambloplites constellatus, a new species of rock bass from the Ozark Upland of Arkansas and Missouri with a review of western rock bass populations. Am. Midl. Nat. v. 98 (núm. 1): 147-161.
  14. Rafinesque, C. S., 1817. First decade of new North American fishes. Am. Monthly Mag. Crit. Rev. v. 2 (núm. 2): 120-121.
  15. Gill T. N., 1861. Notes on some genera of fishes of the western coast of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 13. 164-168.
  16. Girard, C. F., 1854. Descriptions of new fishes, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific railroad route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 7: 129-140.
  17. Cuvier G., 1829. Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal (ed. 2) v. 2. i-xv + 1-406.
  18. Lacépède, B. G. E., 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-lxvi + 1-558, Pls. 1-34.
  19. Gill T. N. 1864. Review of Holbrook's Ichthyology of South Carolina. Am. J. Sci. Arts (Ser. 2) v. 37 (art. 10). 89-94.
  20. Baird, S. F., 1855. Report on the fishes observed on the coast of New Jersey and Long Island during the summer of 1854. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1854: 317-352 + 2nd 337.
  21. Holbrook, J. E., 1855. An account of several species of fish observed in Florida, Georgia, etc. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Filadèlfia. Second series. v. 3 (art. 1): 47-58, Pls. 5-6.
  22. Girard, C. F., 1854. Description of some new species of fish from the State of Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 5 (1854-1856): 40-42.
  23. Rafinesque C. S., 1819. Prodrome de 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des États-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. v. 88. 417-429.
  24. Ragland, C.J. i J.R. Gold, 1989. Genome size variation in the North American sunfish genus Lepomis (Pisces: Centrarchidae). Genet. Res. Camb. 53:173-182.
  25. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
  26. 26,0 26,1 26,2 Rafinesque, C. S., 1819. Prodrome de 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des États-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88: 417-429.
  27. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
  28. Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
  29. Girard, C. F., 1858. Notice upon new genera and new species of marine and fresh-water fishes from western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (núm. 15): 200-202.
  30. Holbrook, J. E., 1855. An account of several species of fish observed in Florida, Georgia, etc. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 3 (art. 1): 47-58, Pls. 5-6.
  31. Rafinesque, C. S., 1820. Ichthyologia Ohiensis (Part 3). Western Revue and Miscellaneous Magazine v. 2 (núm. 1): 49-57.
  32. Günther, A., 1859. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. v. 1: i-xxxi + 1-524.
  33. Jordan, D. S., 1877. Contributions to North American ichthyology based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Núm. 2. A.--Notes on Cottidae ..., and Hyodontidae, with revisions of the genera and descriptions of new or little known species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 10: 1-68, Pls. 44-45.
  34. Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1831. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208.
  35. Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H., 1883. Synopsis of the fishes of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum Núm. 16: i-liv + 1-1018.
  36. Lacépède B. G. E., 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 4. i-xliv + 1-728.
  37. Williams, J. D. & Burgess, G. H., 1999. A new species of bass, Micropterus cataractae (Teleostei: Centrarchidae), from the Apalachicola River basin in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History v. 42 (núm. 2): 80-114.
  38. Hubbs, C. L. & R. M. Bailey, 1940. A revision of the black basses (Micropterus and Huro) with descriptions of four new forms. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Núm. 48: 1-51, Pls. 1-6, 2 maps.
  39. Lacépède, B. G. E., 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
  40. Lesueur, C. A., 1822. Descriptions of the five new species of the genus Cichla of Cuvier. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2: 214-221.
  41. Bailey, R. M. & C. L. Hubbs, 1949. The black basses (Micropterus) of Florida, with description of a new species. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Núm. 516: 1-40, Pls. 1-2.
  42. Lacépède, B. G. E., 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16.
  43. Vaillant, L. L. & Bocourt, F., 1874-1915. Études sur les poissons. A: Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale. Recherches zoologiques. Quatrième partie. París. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale. Recherches zoologiques. Part 4: 1-265, 20 pls.
  44. Rafinesque C. S., 1818. Description of three new genera of fluviatile fish, Pomoxis, Sarchirus and Exoglossum. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 1 (pt 2). 417-422.
  45. Rafinesque, C. S., 1818. Description of three new genera of fluviatile fish, Pomoxis, Sarchirus and Exoglossum. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2): 417-422, Pl. 17.
  46. Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
  47. BioLib (anglès)
  48. AQUATAB
  49. Catalogue of Life[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
  50. World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
  51. FishBase (anglès)
  52. UNEP-WCMC Species Database[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
  53. WRMS

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