↑Lesueur, C. A., 1822. Descriptions of the five new species of the genus Cichla of Cuvier. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2: 214-221.
↑Near, T.J., T.W. Kassler, J.B. Koppelman, C.B. Dillman i D.P. Philipp, 2003. Speciation in North American black basses, Micropterus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae). Evolution 57(7):1610-1621.