Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

United Kingdom–European Union relations

European Union–United Kingdom relations
Map indicating locations of European Union and United Kingdom

European Union

United Kingdom
Diplomatic mission
European Union Delegation, LondonUnited Kingdom Mission, Brussels
Envoy
Ambassador Pedro SerranoAmbassador Lindsay Croisdale-Appleby

Relations between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) are governed, since 1 January 2021, by the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA).

Relations trace back to the foundation of the European Communities, the European Union's predecessor, in 1957. The UK was a member state of the bloc after joining it in 1973 (which was confirmed in a referendum on membership in 1975) until it became the first country to voluntarily end its membership on 31 January 2020 after a second referendum on membership was held in 2016 which resulted in 51.9% of voters opting to leave.

The Brexit withdrawal agreement now plays a significant role in relations between the two polities. The United Kingdom shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland, an EU member state, via Northern Ireland, which has remained a de facto member of the European Single Market and maintained the authority of the European Court of Justice under the Northern Ireland Protocol. Relations between the UK and the EU have seen improvement since the proposal of the Windsor Framework.

History

Precedents

President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen with British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with in the 2023 AI Safety Summit in Bletchley Park, 2 November 2023

The UK failed to take part in the diplomatic discussions that led up to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), likewise later withdrawing from negotiations for the constitution of the European Economic Community (EEC).[1]

The United Kingdom's failed applications to join the European Communities (EC) in 1963 and 1967 were vetoed by the president of France, Charles de Gaulle, who said that "a number of aspects of Britain's economy, from working practices to agriculture" had "made Britain incompatible with Europe" and that Britain harboured a "deep-seated hostility" to any pan-European project.[2] Once de Gaulle had relinquished the French presidency in 1969, the UK made a third and successful application for membership.

UK membership in the bloc (1973–2020)

Following the UK accession to the EC in 1973, the former got to renegotiate membership terms, vied for budgetary rebates and requested opt-outs from the single currency and other common policies.[3] The protectionist Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in particular was often at the centre of the UK conflicts with the rest of the EC, underpinning its reputation as an "awkward partner" within the bloc.[4]

Since 1977, both pro- and anti-European views have had majority support at different times, with some dramatic swings between the two camps.[5] Conservative and Labour parties alike usually pandered to the prejudices towards the EC espoused by the Britons, who rather than commit to a European idea, generally preferred to hanker for the bygone days of British world hegemony.[6] In the United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum of 1975, two-thirds of British voters favoured continued EC membership. The highest-ever rejection of membership was in 1980, the first full year of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's term of office, with 65% opposed to and 26% in favour of membership.[5] As a member of the EU, the United Kingdom never adopted the use of the euro or joined the Schengen Area, which, bringing down border controls in a number of countries, thereby allowed for free movement of citizens.[7] Likewise, the UK government adhered to a long-standing policy of enthusiasm for EU enlargement, under the premise that the addition of more members would undermine any federalising drive (deepening) of the union.[8][3]

Vis-à-vis Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory whose defence and foreign policies are handled by His Majesty's Government, the Spain's accession to the European Communities in 1986, negotiated with the UK inside the bloc from a position of strength, made the former country to renounce its power, recognised by the Treaty of Utrecht, to close its land border with Gibraltar at its discretion.[9] The then Conservative UK government acquiesced to the 1992 Maastricht Treaty (by which the European Union came into existence) as it aligned with its vision of the bloc as essentially a free market.[10]

The 1998 Good Friday Agreement pertaining the end of the ethnonationalist conflict in Northern Ireland was signed under the context of the shared membership of the UK and Ireland in the EU.[11]

UK Prime Minister Theresa May meets with President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker with in Brussels, Belgium, 21 October 2016

Following the result of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, when 52 percent of those who voted supported 'Brexit' (a portmanteau of "British exit"), the UK negotiated its withdrawal from the European Union. After the vote, British Prime Minister David Cameron, who supported staying in the EU, resigned. Theresa May became the prime minister after his formal resignation. Although she also supported remaining in the EU, she committed to negotiating Britain's exit.[12] The United Kingdom formally left the bloc on 31 January 2020.

Post-Brexit relations (since 2020)

On 30 December 2020, after eight months of negotiations, the EU and the UK signed the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement,[13] which governs bilateral relations since its provisional entry into force two days later and which was later ratified by both parties. UK government attempts to unilateral reject the terms of the agreed Northern Ireland Protocol have exacerbated post-Brexit relations.[14]

Although the United Kingdom has maintained strong relations with some EU member states, the decision to withdraw and subsequent turbulent process of negotiating the Trade and Cooperation Agreement sparked criticism of the United Kingdom across the EU.[15] However, UK-EU collaborative discussions on the response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which saw the UK invited to an EU Foreign Affairs Council meeting for the first time since Brexit, and the successful negotiation of the Windsor Framework for Northern Ireland between the UK and EU, has indicated a gradual improvement of relations overtime.[16][17]

On June 28, 2023, the EU and UK signed a memorandum of understanding to enhance cooperation on financial services. Chancellor Jeremy Hunt described the signing as a significant moment, highlighting the interconnections of the EU and UK financial markets. The agreement establishes a forum for regular discussions on voluntary regulatory cooperation. However, it does not indicate regulatory alignment or address specific demands from the EU.[18]

Post-Brexit polling

Following the UK's withdrawal from the EU, polling companies have continued to poll respondents on re-joining the EU.

National polling

Respondents are regularly polled on their voting intention in a hypothetical referendum on re-joining the EU. This is instead of re-using the leave/ remain question from the 2016 referendum.

Recent polling results have demonstrated a clear lead for "re-join" over "stay[ing] out". A longer example of the following table can be found here.

Dates conducted Pollster Client Sample

size

Rejoin Stay out Neither Lead
26-27 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,247 49% 29% 22% 20%
19-20 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,247 47% 31% 22% 16%
11-12 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,247 44% 31% 25% 13%
5-6 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,285 49% 30% 21% 19%

In the European Union

In 2021, Euronews commissioned British pollsters Redfield & Wilton Strategies to conduct a poll in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy on how respondents would feel about the UK re-joining the EU. Support out-weighed opposition across all four countries, with it being lowest in France (36%) and highest in Spain (46%).[19]

Trade

In 2017, exports to the European Union amounted to £274 billion out of £616 billion in total exports for the UK. The proportion of UK export to the European Union has been noted to be in decline, since exports to non-EU countries have increased at a faster rate.[20]

On the European side, according to Eurostat, exports from the EU 27 to the UK have increased from 316 euro billions in 2015 to 319 euro billions in 2019. In the same time, according to Eurostat, imports from the UK to the EU-27 have increased from 184 euro billions in 2015 to 194 euro billions in 2019.[21]

United Kingdom's foreign relations with EU member states (EU27)

Country British embassy Reciprocal embassy Notes
 Austria Vienna London British Mission to OSCE and UN Office in Vienna
 Belgium Brussels London British Mission to EU and NATO in Brussels
 Bulgaria Sofia London
 Croatia Zagreb
Consulate General: Split
London
 Cyprus High Commission: Nicosia High Commission: London
 Czech Republic Prague London
Consulate General: Manchester
 Denmark Copenhagen London
 Estonia Tallinn London
 Finland Helsinki London
 France Paris
Consulates General: Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille
London
Consulate General: Edinburgh
British Mission to OECD and UNESCO in Paris and in Council of Europe in Strasbourg
 Germany Berlin
Consulates General: Düsseldorf, Munich
London
Consulate General: Edinburgh
 Greece Athens
Consulates General: Heraklion, Thessaloniki
London
 Hungary Budapest London
Consulate General: Manchester
 Ireland Dublin London
Consulates General: Cardiff, Edinburgh, Manchester
499 km of common border
 Italy Rome
Consulates General: Milan, Naples
London
Consulate General: Edinburgh
 Latvia Riga London.
 Lithuania Vilnius London
 Luxembourg Luxembourg London
 Malta High Commission: Valletta High Commission: London
 Netherlands The Hague
Consulate General: Amsterdam
London British Mission to OPCW in The Hague
 Poland Warsaw London
Consulates General: Belfast, Edinburgh, Manchester
 Portugal Lisbon
Consulate General: Portimão
London
Consulate General: Manchester
 Romania Bucharest London
Consulate General: Edinburgh, Manchester
 Slovakia Bratislava London
 Slovenia Ljubljana London
 Spain Madrid
Consulates General: Barcelona, Alicante, Ibiza, Las Palmas, Málaga, Palma, Santa Cruz
London
Consulates General: Edinburgh, Manchester
 Sweden Stockholm London

See also

References

  1. ^ Carolan, Bruce (2008). "The Birth of the European Union: US and UK Roles in the Creation of a Unified European Community". The Journal of Comparative and International Law. 16 (1): 62.
  2. ^ "Bulgaria Blocks North Macedonia's EU Accession Negotiations - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency". novinite.com.
  3. ^ a b Duff, Andrew (2020). "Setting the bounds of the European Union" (PDF). European Policy Centre.
  4. ^ Seidel, Katja (2020). "Britain, the common agricultural policy and the challenges of membership in the European Community: a political balancing act". Contemporary British History. 34 (2): 1. doi:10.1080/13619462.2019.1650739. S2CID 202278086.
  5. ^ a b Mortimore, Roger. "Polling history: 40 years of British views on 'in or out' of Europe". The Conversation. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  6. ^ George, Stephen (2000). "Britain: Anatomy of a Eurosceptic state". Journal of European Integration. 22 (1): 28. doi:10.1080/07036330008429077. S2CID 143485501.
  7. ^ Nugent, Ciara (11 April 2019). "It's Complicated: From the Roman Empire to Brexit, Britain Has Always Struggled to Define Its Relationship With Europe". Time. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  8. ^ Whitman, Richard G. (2007). "The United Kingdom and Turkish accession: the enlargement instinct prevails". In Tocci, Nathalie (ed.). Conditionality, Impact and Prejudice in EU-Turkey Relations (PDF). p. 120.
  9. ^ Molina, Ignacio (7 May 2018). "Gibraltar, a possible solution: diffused sovereignty and shared functions". Elcano Institute.
  10. ^ George 2000, p. 29.
  11. ^ Tonra, Ben (2021). "Emotion norms: Ireland, Brexit, backstops and protocols". Global Affairs. 7 (2): 157–171. doi:10.1080/23340460.2021.1931399. S2CID 239053429.
  12. ^ "United Kingdom - The "Brexit" referendum". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  13. ^ Barr, Noah A. (2022). "The EU-UK Investment Regime After Brexit: In Search of an Equilibrium?". Global Trade and Customs Journal. 17 (4): 146. doi:10.54648/GTCJ2022020. S2CID 248611272.
  14. ^ Tidey, Alice (10 May 2022). "Sinn Fein's historic win in Northern Ireland may not change anything for the Brexit negotiations". euronews.com.
  15. ^ Henley, Jon (2020-09-10). "'Depressing, frustrating and shocking': European press on UK Brexit move". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  16. ^ Castle, Stephen (4 March 2022). "How a War Helped Ease a Rift Between Britain and the E.U." The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  17. ^ Gallardo, Cristina (4 March 2022). "Putin blows up Brexit". Politico. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  18. ^ David, Dharshini; Edser, Nick (2023-06-28). "UK to work more closely with EU on financial services". BBC. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  19. ^ Tidey, Alice (23 June 2021). "Brexit 5 years on: 'We would have you back,' says Europe, in new poll". Euronews. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Everything you might want to know about the UK's trade with the EU". 28 August 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  21. ^ Eurostat, EU trade since 1988 by CN8 [DS-016890]

Further reading

  • Arnorsson, Agust, and Gylfi Zoega. "On the causes of Brexit." European Journal of Political Economy 55 (2018): 301-323. online
  • Bruno, Randolph L., et al. Foreign direct investment and the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union (Springer International Publishing, 2017). excerpt
  • Bulmer, Simon. The member states of the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2020).
  • Mbah, Ruth Endam, and Divine Forcha Wasum. "Russian-Ukraine 2022 War: A review of the economic impact of Russian-Ukraine crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9.3 (2022): 144-153. online
  • O'Rourke, Kevin. A short history of Brexit: From Brentry to backstop (Penguin UK, 2019).
  • Wallace, Helen. "Heading for the Exit: the United Kingdom’s troubled relationship with the European Union." Journal of Contemporary European Research 12.4 (2016). online
Baca informasi lainnya:

Willis Group Holdings plcJenisPublikIndustriPialang asuransiPenerusWillis Towers WatsonDidirikan1828 (1828) (London)KantorpusatLondon, Britania RayaTokohkunciDominic Casserley(CEO)ProdukAsuransi, Manajemen risiko,Konsultansi sumber daya manusiaPendapatan$3,8 milyar (2014)Laba operasi$647 juta (2014)Laba bersih$362 juta (2014)Karyawan18.000Situs webwillis.com Willis Group Holdings plc dulu adalah sebuah penyedia jasa kepialangan asuransi, kepialangan reasuransi, dan penasehatan risiko multin…

Fast TimesSingel oleh Sabrina Carpenterdari album Emails I Can't SendDirilis18 Februari 2022 (2022-02-18)DirekamMusim Panas 2021StudioJungle City Studios (Kota New York)GenrePopDurasi2:55LabelIslandPencipta Sabrina Carpenter John Ryan Julia Michaels JP Saxe ProduserRyanKronologi singel Sabrina Carpenter Skinny Dipping (2021) Fast Times (2022) Vicious (2022) Video musikFast Times di YouTube Fast Times adalah sebuah lagu yang direkam oleh penyanyi Amerika Serikat Sabrina Carpenter dari a…

Boma Untuk pengertian lain, lihat Boma. Boma merupakan sebuah kota pelabuhan yang menjadi ibu kota Kongo Belgia antara tanggal 1 Mei 1886 hingga tahun 1926, ketika ibu kota berpindah ke Léopoldville (lalu dinamai Kinshasa). Kota yang terletak di Kongo Central, Republik Demokratik Kongo ini mengekspor kayu, pisang, kakao, dan palem. Sejarah Boma didirikan sebagai pasar budak dan entrepôt oleh para pedagang dari sejumlah negeri Eropa pada abad ke-16. Transportasi Antara tahun 1889-1984, kota ini…

Ця стаття є частиною Проєкту:Музика (рівень: невідомий) Портал «Музика»Мета проєкту — створення якісних та інформативних статей на теми, пов'язані з музикою. Ви можете покращити цю статтю, відредагувавши її, а на сторінці проєкту вказано, чим ще можна допомогти. Учасники пр…

Peta Kabupaten Toraja Utara di Sulawesi Selatan Berikut adalah daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Toraja Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Kabupaten Toraja Utara terdiri dari 21 kecamatan, 40 kelurahan dan 111 Lembang (desa). Pada tahun 2017, kabupaten ini memiliki luas wilayah 1.215,55 km² dan jumlah penduduk sebesar 239.558 jiwa dengan sebaran penduduk 197 jiwa/km².[1][2] Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Toraja Utara, adalah sebagai berikut: Kod…

União Europeia de GinásticaFédération Internationale de Gymnastique Sede da União Europeia de Ginástica em Lausanne, Suíça. Desporto(s) representado(s) Ginástica Fundação 27 de março de 1982 Presidente Farid Gayibov Sede Lausanne, Suíça Website https://www.europeangymnastics.com/ editar  A União Europeia de Ginástica (sigla: UEG), formada por 47 federações filiadas, é a federação que rege as modalidades de ginástica em todo o continente europeu e que responde diretamen…

Fan of the Star Trek franchise This article is about Star Trek fans. For the baseball pitch, see Vulcan changeup. For the British artist, see Trekkie Parsons. Trekkies redirects here. For the film, see Trekkies (film). This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (July 2014) Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti performs the Vulcan salute in hom…

Scottish constituencies of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain Not to be confused with Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions. This article is part of a series within thePolitics of the United Kingdom on thePolitics of Scotland The Crown The Monarch Charles III Heir apparent William, Duke of Rothesay Prerogative Royal family Succession Privy Council Union of the Crowns Balmoral Castle Holyrood Palace Scottish republicanism Executive Scottish Government Yousa…

Sporting event delegationAzerbaijan at the2016 Summer OlympicsIOC codeAZENOCNational Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijani RepublicWebsitewww.noc-aze.org (in Azerbaijani and English)in Rio de JaneiroCompetitors56 in 14 sportsFlag bearers Teymur Mammadov (opening)[1]Haji Aliyev (closing)MedalsRanked 39th Gold 1 Silver 7 Bronze 10 Total 18 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)19962000200420082012201620202024Other related appearances Russian Empire (1900–1912) Soviet U…

German landscape painter Lorettokapelle [de] in Konstanz Joseph Moosbrugger (10 March 1810, Konstanz - 13 October 1869, Konstanz) was a German landscape painter. His name is sometimes given as Josef Mosbrugger. Biography He was the sixth and last child born to the painter, Wendelin Moosbrugger, and his second wife, Anna Maria, née Hüetlin (1774–1829). His brother, Friedrich, also became a painter, while his brother August [de] was an architect. His half-brother, Leo…

2022 studio album by the SnutsBurn the EmpireStudio album by the SnutsReleased30 September 2022 (2022-09-30)Recorded2021–2022Studio Angelic Studio (Brackley, Northamptonshire) The Toyshop (London) Abbey Road Studios (London) GenreIndie rockLength32:50LabelParlophoneProducer Nathaniel Detonate Ledwidge Clarence Coffee Jr. The Snuts studio albums chronology W.L.(2021) Burn the Empire(2022) Singles from Burn the Empire Burn the EmpireReleased: 23 November 2021 ZuckerpunchRe…

1951 film I'd Climb the Highest MountainVideo coverDirected byHenry KingWritten byLamar TrottiBased onA Circuit Rider's Wife1910 novelby Corra HarrisProduced byLamar TrottiStarringSusan HaywardWilliam LundiganRory CalhounBarbara BatesGene LockhartAlexander KnoxLynn BariCinematographyEdward CronjagerEdited byBarbara McLeanMusic bySol KaplanDistributed byTwentieth Century FoxRelease date February 17, 1951 (1951-02-17) Running time88 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBox offi…

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …

El CristocomuneLocalizzazioneStato Panama ProvinciaCoclé DistrettoAguadulce TerritorioCoordinate8°15′00″N 80°37′12″W / 8.25°N 80.62°W8.25; -80.62 (El Cristo)Coordinate: 8°15′00″N 80°37′12″W / 8.25°N 80.62°W8.25; -80.62 (El Cristo) Superficie113 km² Abitanti4 017[1] (2010) Densità35,55 ab./km² Altre informazioniFuso orarioUTC-5 CartografiaEl Cristo Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale El Cristo è un comu…

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Willem I dari Belanda atau William III dari Inggris.Willem Sang PendiamPotret oleh Adriaen Thomasz Key, sekitar 1570–1584Pangeran OranyeMasa jabatan15 Juli 1544 – 10 Juli 1584PendahuluRené dari ChâlonPenggantiFilips WillemStadhouder FrisiaMasa jabatan1580–1584PendahuluGeorge de LalaingPenggantiWillem LodewijkStadhouder Holland dan ZeelandMasa jabatan1572–1584PendahuluMaximilien de Hénin-LiétardPenggantiMaurits dari NassauMasa jabatan1559–1567Peng…

Bandar Udara Internasional Bucharest Henri CoandǎAeroportul Internaţional Henri CoandăOtopeni AirportIATA: OTPICAO: LROPInformasiJenisPublik/MiliterPengelolaThe National Company Bucharest Airports S.A.MelayaniBucharest LokasiOtopeni, RomaniaMaskapai penghubung Air Bucharest Blue Air TAROM Ţiriac Air Wizz Air Ketinggian dpl96 mdplSitus webwww.otp-airport.roPetaOTPLokasi di RomaniaLandasan pacu Arah Panjang Permukaan m kaki 08R/26L 3,500 11,484 Aspal 08L/26R 3,500 11,484 Aspal Helipa…

1982 action-adventure game created for the Atari 2600 1982 video gameRaiders of the Lost ArkDeveloper(s)Atari, Inc.Publisher(s)Atari, Inc.Designer(s)Howard Scott WarshawPlatform(s)Atari 2600ReleaseNovember 1982Genre(s)Action-adventure[1]Mode(s)Single-player Raiders of the Lost Ark is an action-adventure game for the Atari 2600 released in 1982, based on the 1981 film of the same name. The game was designed by Howard Scott Warshaw. Gameplay The player controls Indiana Jones as he searches…

albanskaGjuha shqipeRegionBalkanhalvönAntal talarecirka 6 miljonerSpråkfamiljIndoeuropeiskaalbanskaOfficiell statusOfficiellt språk i Albanien  Kosovo  Nordmakedonien  Montenegro och minoritetsspråk  Grekland Italien Serbien RumänienSpråkkoderISO 639‐1sqISO 639‐2alb (B)sqi (T)ISO 639‐3sqiSILALS, ALN, AAE, AAT Ljudfil med uppräkning från 1 till 10 på albanska. Albanska är ett språk som utgör en egen gren av den indoeuropeiska språkfamilje…

1984 film by Joseph Ruben This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dreamscape 1984 film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2016) …

War crimes committed against Bosniaks and Croats in the Doboj area Doboj ethnic cleansingDoboj municipalityDateMay–September 1992Attack typemass killing, ethnic cleansing, forced transferDeaths~322 Bosniak civilians 86 Croat civiliansPerpetratorsBosnian Serb forces, JNA,[1] White Eagles,[2] Red Berets[1]MotiveSerbianisation, Greater Serbia The Doboj ethnic cleansing refers to war crimes, including murder, deportation, persecution and wanton destruction, committed agains…

Emission of light by a living organism Not to be confused with Iridescence, Structural coloration, or Phosphorescence. Flying and glowing firefly, Photinus pyralis Female glowworm, Lampyris noctiluca Male and female of the species Lampyris noctiluca mating. The female of this species is a larviform and has no wings, unlike the male. Video of a bioluminescent beetle Elateroidea Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Biolumin…

See also: Campuses of George Washington University The Gelman LibraryView of Gelman through the Trustees Gate.38°53′57″N 77°02′54″W / 38.89917°N 77.04833°W / 38.89917; -77.04833LocationWashington, D.C., United StatesOther informationWebsiteGW Libraries Portal The Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, more commonly known as Gelman Library, is the main library of The George Washington University, and is located on its Foggy Bottom campus. The Gelman Library, the Ec…

Species of moth Herpetogramma basalis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Crambidae Genus: Herpetogramma Species: H. basalis Binomial name Herpetogramma basalis(Walker, 1866) Synonyms List Botys basalis Walker, 1866 Psara basalis Botys inanitalis Lederer, 1863 Pyrausta dorsipunctalis Rebel, 1892 Herpetogramma dorsipunctalis (Rebel, 1892) Pyrausta dorcalis Alphéraky, 1889 Herpetogramma basalis is a specie…

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Korean. (April 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-qual…

Danish actor (1884–1975) Torben MeyerMeyer in 1950BornTorben Emil Meyer(1884-12-01)1 December 1884Aarhus, DenmarkDied22 May 1975(1975-05-22) (aged 90)Hollywood, California, U.S.Resting placeChapel of the Pines CrematoryOccupationActorYears active1912–1966 Torben Emil Meyer (1 December 1884 – 22 May 1975) was a Danish-American character actor who appeared in more than 190 films in a 55-year career. He began his acting career in Europe before moving to the United States. Early …

Historic urban park in Manila, Philippines This article is about the park located in Manila. For the park located in Seattle with the same name, see Dr. Jose Rizal Park. For the park located in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany with the same name, see Wilhelmsfeld. Rizal ParkParque de la Luneta Parque de Alfonso XII Bagumbáyan PlazaLiwasañg José RizalThe Rizal Monument in Rizal ParkTypeUrban parkLocationErmita, ManilaCoordinates14°34′57″N 120°58′42″E / 14.58250°N 120.97833°E&#…

Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge and Its Transmission Through Myth 1st hardcover edition, dust cover artAuthorGiorgio de Santillana, Hertha von DechendCover artistWilliam Barss (1st hardcover edition, Gambit, 1969);Sara Eisenman (1st paperback edition, 1977)CountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubjectMythology and AstronomyPublisherGambit Incorporated (1969, hardcover, 1st edition, 1st printing);Harvard University Press (1969, hardcover); David R. Godine, P…

Overview of the secularism in Bangladesh This article is part of a series on thePolitics of the People's Republic of Bangladesh Constitution Amendments Law of Bangladesh Human rights Article 70 Judicial review Government President: Mohammed Shahabuddin Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina Cabinet: Hasina IV Taxation Agencies Civil Service Local governments Parliament Speaker: Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury Leader of the House: Sheikh Hasina Leader of the Opposition: Rowshan Ershad Judiciary Supreme Court: Ap…

Son of King George V and Queen Mary For the youngest son of Charles I, see Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester. Prince HenryDuke of GloucesterPrince Henry c. 194511th Governor-General of Australia In office30 January 1945 – 11 March 1947MonarchGeorge VIPrime MinisterJohn CurtinFrank FordeBen ChifleyPreceded byThe Lord GowrieSucceeded bySir William McKell BornPrince Henry of York(1900-03-31)31 March 1900York Cottage, Sandringham, EnglandDied10 June 1974(1974-06-10) (aged 74)Barnwell …

Microcomputer designed in 1974 MITS Altair 8800Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch floppy disk systemDeveloperMITSManufacturerMITSRelease dateJanuary 1975; 49 years ago (1975-01)Introductory priceKit: US $439 ($2400 in 2022)Assembled: US $621 ($3400 in 2022)Units sold25,000[1]CPUIntel 8080 @ 2 MHz The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU.[2] Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the …

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya