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The Long Voyage Home
The Long Voyage Home
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	John Ford
Screenplay by	Dudley Nichols
Based on	The Moon of the Caribees; In the Zone; Bound East for Cardiff; The Long Voyage Home; by Eugene O'Neill
Produced by	John Ford; Walter Wanger (uncredited);
Starring	John Wayne; Thomas Mitchell; Ian Hunter;
Cinematography	Gregg Toland
Edited by	Sherman Todd
Music by	Richard Hageman
Production; companies	Walter Wanger Productions; Argosy Corporation;
Distributed by	United Artists
Release date	October 8, 1940; (New York City)
Running time	105 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$682,495
Box office	$580,129

The Long Voyage Home is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It stars John Wayne, Thomas Mitchell and Ian Hunter. It features Barry Fitzgerald, Wilfrid Lawson, John Qualen, Mildred Natwick, and Ward Bond, among others.

The film was adapted by Dudley Nichols from the plays The Moon of the Caribbees, In the Zone, Bound East for Cardiff, and The Long Voyage Home by Eugene O'Neill. The original plays by Eugene O'Neill were written around the time of World War I and were among his earlier plays. Ford set the story for the motion picture, however, during the early days of World War II.^[4]

While not one of Ford's best-known works, The Long Voyage Home continues to be well received. Film critics and scholars have noted Gregg Toland's distinctive cinematography, which serves as a precursor of the film noir aesthetic^[5] and hinted at his work for Orson Welles' film Citizen Kane (1941).

Plot

A British tramp steamer named the SS Glencairn is on the long voyage home from the West Indies to Baltimore, and then to England during World War II. The crew is a motley, fun-loving, hard-drinking lot. Among them is their consensus leader, a middle-aged Irishman named Driscoll; a young Swedish ex-farmer, Ole Olsen; a spiteful steward nicknamed Cocky; a brooding Lord Jim-like Englishman, Smitty; and a burly, thoroughly dependable bruiser, Davis. On a sultry night in a port in the West Indies, the crew has been confined to the ship by order of the captain, but Drisk has arranged to import a boatload of local ladies. The crew carouse until a drunken brawl breaks out and the ladies are ordered off the ship and denied any of their promised compensation. The next day the ship sails to pick up its cargo for its return trip to England. When the crew discovers that the cargo is high explosives, they rebel, but are easily cowed into submission by the captain and the ship sails.

They are also concerned that Smitty might be a German spy because he is so aloof and secretive. After they assault Smitty and restrain and gag him, they force him to give up the key to a small metal box they have found in his bunk. Opening the box against Smitty's vigorous protests, they discover a packet of letters from Smitty's wife revealing the fact that Smitty has been an alcoholic, dishonorably discharged from the British navy. In the war zone as they near port, a German plane attacks the ship, killing Smitty in a burst of machine gun fire. Reaching England without further incident, the rest of the crew members decide not to sign on for another voyage on the Glencairn and go ashore, determined to help Ole return to his family in Sweden, whom he has not seen in ten years.

In spite of their determination to help Ole, the crew is incapable of passing up the opportunity for a good time drinking and dancing in a seedy bar to which they have been lured by an agent for ships looking for crew members. He has his eye on Ole because he is the biggest and strongest of the lot. He drugs Ole's drink, and his confederates shanghai him aboard another ship, the Amindra. Driscoll and the rest of the drunk crew rescue Ole, but Driscoll is clubbed and left on board as the crew makes its escape. The next morning, the crew straggles back to the Glencairn to sign on for another voyage. A newspaper headline reveals that the Amindra has been sunk in the Channel by German torpedoes, killing all on board.

Cast

John Wayne as Olsen
Thomas Mitchell as Driscoll
Ian Hunter as Smitty
Barry Fitzgerald as Cocky
Wilfrid Lawson as Captain
John Qualen as Axel
Mildred Natwick as Freda
Ward Bond as Yank
Arthur Shields as Donkeyman
Joseph Sawyer as Davis
J.M. Kerrigan as Crimp
Rafaela Ottiano as Bella
Carmen Morales as Principal Spanish Girl
Jack Pennick as Johnny
Bob E. Perry as Paddy
Constant Frenke as Norway
David Hughes as Scotty
Constantine Romanoff as Big Frank
Dan Borzage as Tim
Harry Tenbrook as Max
Cyril McLaglen as First Mate
Douglas Walton as Second Mate
Billy Bevan as Joe, the Limehouse Barman (uncredited)

Production

Independent film producer Walter Wanger made film-making history during the production of this film. He hired nine prominent American artists, all painters, to document the dramatic scenes during the film's production. Mr. Wanger offered a commission of over $50,000 to encourage the artists to participate, these funds were secured with the help of Reeves Lowenthal, the director of the Associated American Artists. No other undertaking of this magnitude and purpose had been done before in Hollywood film making. The artists insisted on three things to ensure a quality effort: freedom of choice on subject matter, studios on the production lot, and a projection room for viewing rushes. The artists who participated were Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood, George Biddle, James Chapin, Ernest Fiene, Robert Philipp, Luis Quintanilla [es], Raphael Soyer and Georges Schreiber. Eleven original paintings emerged from this inaugural effort. These toured the country in the museum circuit of the day beginning with a display in the Associated American Artists Galleries on Fifth Avenue in New York City.^[6]

As Orson Welles did the following year in Citizen Kane, director John Ford shared his title card with cinematographer Gregg Toland in the opening credits for The Long Voyage Home.^[7]

Release

The film did poorly in its theatrical release, losing $224,336.^[3] Some critics suggested that the film failed to appeal to the general public because it was too dark and lacked a romance.^[8]

It was released on DVD in 2006 by Warner Bros. Home Video but is now out-of-print. The Criterion Collection has the home video rights to release it. It has not yet been released on DVD or Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection, but is available for streaming on Criterion Channel as of June 2020.

It is available as part of a John Ford box set, Region 2.

Reception

Film critic Bosley Crowther of The New York Times liked the screenplay, the message of the film, and John Ford's direction. He wrote "John Ford has truly fashioned a modern Odyssey—a stark and tough-fibered motion picture which tells with lean economy the never-ending story of man's wanderings over the waters of the world in search of peace for his soul...it is harsh and relentless and only briefly compassionate in its revelation of man's pathetic shortcomings. But it is one of the most honest pictures ever placed upon the screen; it gives a penetrating glimpse into the hearts of little men and, because it shows that out of human weakness there proceeds some nobility, it is far more gratifying than the fanciest hero-worshiping fare."^[9]

The staff at Variety magazine wrote "Combining dramatic content of four Eugene O'Neill one-act plays, John Ford pilots adventures of a tramp steamer from the West Indies to an American port, and then across the Atlantic with [a] cargo of high explosives. Picture is typically Fordian, his direction accentuating characterizations and adventures of the voyage."^[10] Harrison's Reports called it "A powerful picture, directed with skill and acted with artistry."^[11] Film Daily called it "a powerful, realistic vehicle, human and dramatic from main title to finis."^[12] John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a rave review, calling it "one of the magnificent films of film history. Never has the sea, its infinite pictorial possibilities, been so comprehended upon the screen and its beauty and its threat so eloquently conveyed."^[13]

O'Neill told Ford the film was a "grand, deeply moving and beautiful piece of work...a great picture."^[14]

Rotten Tomatoes reports 100% approval from critics, based on nine reviews.^[15]

The title track of folk musician Phil Ochs's album Pleasures of the Harbour was directly inspired by a viewing of the film.

Awards and nominations

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
Academy Awards^[16]	Outstanding Production	John Ford	Nominated
	Best Screenplay	Dudley Nichols	Nominated
	Best Cinematography – Black-and-White	Gregg Toland	Nominated
	Best Film Editing	Sherman Todd	Nominated
	Best Original Score	Richard Hageman	Nominated
	Best Special Effects	R. T. Layton, Ray Binger and Thomas T. Moulton	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards^[17]	Top Ten Films		6th Place
National Board of Review Awards^[17]	Best Acting	Thomas Mitchell	Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards^[18]	Best Actor	Thomas Mitchell	Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle Awards^[18]	Best Director	John Ford (also for The Grapes of Wrath)	Won

References

^ Doss, Erika (1991). Benton, Pollock, and the Politics of Modernism: From Regionalism to Abstract Expressionism. University of Chicago Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780226159430.
^ "The Broadway Parade". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 2 October 7, 1940.
^ ^a ^b ^c Matthew Bernstein, Walter Wagner: Hollywood Independent, Minnesota Press, 2000 p440
^ Steeman, Albert. Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers, "Gregg Toland page," Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2007. Last accessed: January 18, 2008.
^ Doss, p. 250
^ "The Long Voyage Home". thenedscottarchive.com. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
^ Eyman, Scott; Duncan, Paul (2004). John Ford, The Complete Films. Köln; Los Angeles: Taschen. p. 116. ISBN 978-3-8228-3093-2.
^ Doss, p. 252
^ Crowther, Bosley. The New York Times, film review, "The Long Voyage Home, Magnificent Drama of the Sea," October 9, 1940. Last accessed: January 18, 2008
^ Variety. Film review, October 9, 1940. Last accessed: January 18, 2008.
^ "'The Long Voyage Home' with John Wayne, Thomas Mitchell and Ian Hunter". Harrison's Reports: 167. October 19, 1940.
^ "Reviews of the New Films". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 8 October 9, 1940.
^ Mosher, John (October 19, 1940). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. New York: F-R Publishing Corp. p. 97.
^ Eyman, Scott. Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford. p. 232. ISBN 0-684-81161-8
^ The Long Voyage Home at Rotten Tomatoes. Last accessed: April 8, 2015.
^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
^ "1940 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
^ "1940 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". Mubi. Retrieved July 5, 2021.