Modernist film

Modernist film is related to the art and philosophy of modernism.

History

Early modernist film came to maturity in the era between WWI and WWII, with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, manifesting itself in genres as diverse as expressionism and surrealism (as featured in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel)^[1] while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to modernist works, and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst).^[2] Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness."^[3] The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision became a central characteristic of modernist filmmaking. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism."^[4][5] The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself (and generally has a more sincere tone^[6]) than the postmodernist film.

List of notable modernist films

• Funeral Parade of Roses (1969; also called a postmodernist film)
• A Story of Floating Weeds (1934)
• Day for Night (1973; also called a postmodernist film)
• Hiroshima mon amour (1959; also been called a postmodernist film)
• A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
• The Girl Can't Help It (1956)
• Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One (1968; also called a postmodernist film))
• Lonesome Lenny (1946)
• Black Panthers (1968)
• The Murder of Fred Hampton (1971)
• Singin' in the Rain (1952)
• Persona (1966; also called a postmodernist film)
• Allures (1961)
• In the Year of the Pig (1969)
• Thugs with Dirty Mugs (1939)
• Gay Purr-ee (1962)
• The Jaywalker (1956)
• Tale of Tales (1979)
• The Tale of Tsar Durondai (1934)
• La notte (1961)
• Zabriskie Point (1970)
• Daffy Duck and Egghead (1938)
• The Heckling Hare (1941)
• Now Hear This (1962)
• Breakaway (1966)
• Bubble Bath (1979)
• The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963)
• Medium Cool (1968)
• Gimme Shelter (1970)
• Monterey Pop (1968)
• Punishment Park (1971)
• The Holy Mountain (1973; also been called a postmodernist film)
• W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism (1971)
• Sunset Boulevard (1950)
• Rashomon (1950)
• Son of Paleface (1952)
• L'Avventura (1960; also been called a postmodernist film)
• Un Chien Andalou (1929)
• Battleship Potemkin (1925)
• The Fall of the House of Usher (1928)
• Magical Maestro (1952)
• L'age d'Or (1930)
• Detour (1945)
• Shock Corridor (1963)
• Experiment in Terror (1962)
• High Noon (1952)
• Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
• Leave Her to Heaven (1945)
• The Lodger (1927)
• Out of the Past (1947)
• Artists & Models (1955)
• Accident (1967)
• Gilda (1946)
• The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
• Steamboat Bill Jr. (1928)
• Sunrise (1927)
• The Cameraman (1928)
• Sherlock Jr. (1924)
• Pierrot Le Fou (1965, also been called a postmodernist film)
• The Killers (1946)
• The Great Dictator (1940)
• The Hand (1965)
• Ballet Mecanique (1923)
• Duck Amuck (1953; also been called a postmodernist film)
• The Color of Pomegranates (1969; also been called a postmodernist film)
• Report (1967)
• Man with a Movie Camera (1929)
• The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
• Cat People (1942)
• Last Year at Marienbad (1961; also been called a postmodernist film)
• Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
• Rome Open City (1945)
• The Crowd (1928)
• The Apu trilogy (1955-1959)
• Metropolis (1927)
• Vertigo (1958)
• Citizen Kane (1941)
• The Last Laugh (1924)
• Berlin: Symphony of a City (1927)
• Breathless (1960)
• Andrei Rublev (1966)
• Blowup (1966; also been called a postmodernist film)
• La Strada (1954)
• All That Heaven Allows (1955; also been called a postmodernist film)
• The Bicycle Thieves (1949)
• Gerald McBoing Boing (1950)
• The Boy with Green Hair (1948)
• Mr. Klein (1976)
• The Servant (1963)
• Wild Strawberries (1957)
• The Seventh Seal (1956)
• Kiss Me Deadly (1955)
• The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
• The Naked City (1948)
• Double Indemnity (1944)
• Two Happy Hearts (1932)
• Manhatta (1921)
• The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
• A Woman Under the Influence (1974)
• Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939)
• Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
• 8½ (1963; also been called a postmodernist film)
• The Mirror (1975)
• Au hasard Balthazar (1966)
• Apple in the River (1974)
• Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (1979)
• Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
• La dolce vita (1960)
• Magnificent Obsession (1954)
• Two Weeks in Another Town (1962)
• The 400 Blows (1959)
• The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1961)
• Play Time (1967; also been called a postmodernist film)
• Stagecoach (1939)
• The Third Man (1949)
• Rebecca (1940)
• Marnie (1964)
• Olympia (1938)
• Intolerance (1916)
• Cabiria (1914)
• 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968; also been called a postmodernist film)
• Dracula (1931)
• Frankenstein (1931)
• Time Piece (1965)
• The Pop Show (1966)
• Surogat (1961)
• N.Y., N.Y. (1957)
• Here Is Your Life (1966)
• My Name Is Oona (1969)
• Mass for the Dakota Sioux (1964)
• God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance (1968)
• Arabesque (1975)
• Diary (1974)
• Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957)
• Screwball Squirrel (1944)
• Who Killed Who (1943)
• Voyage to Italy (1954)
• The Maltese Falcon (1941)

List of notable modernist filmmakers

• Chantal Ackerman
• Agnes Varda (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Roberto Rossellini
• Shirley Clarke
• Ida Lupino
• Yasujiro Ozu
• Satyajit Ray
• Maya Deren
• William Greaves (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Sam Fuller
• Alain Renais (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Robert Aldrich
• Nicholas Ray
• Douglas Sirk (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Luis Bunuel
• Orson Welles (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Alfred Hitchcock (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Andrei Tarkovsky
• Akira Kurosawa
• Robert Bresson
• Federico Fellini (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Ingmar Bergman (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Jules Dassin
• Jean-Luc Godard (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Stan Brakhage
• Fritz Lang
• Buster Keaton
• Norman McLaren
• Carl Theodore Dreyer
• Len Lye
• Oscar Micheaux
• Jacques Tourneur
• François Truffaut (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Tony Richardson
• John Ford
• Tex Avery (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• John and Faith Hubley
• Joseph Losey
• Jacques Tati (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• John Cassavetes (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Blake Edwards
• Rainer Werner Fassbinder
• Michelangelo Antonioni (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Vincente Minnelli
• Dziga Vertov
• Bruce Conner (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Stanley Kubrick (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Emile de Antonio
• Jordan Belson
• Chris Marker (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• John Whitney
• William Klein
• Frank Tashlin
• Chuck Jones (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
• Jiri Trnka
• Edward D. Wood Jr.
• D.W. Griffith

Sources:^{[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120]}

See also

• Minimalist film
• Maximalist film
• European art cinema
• Film noir
• Classical Hollywood cinema
• Melodrama
• Arthouse animation
• B movie
• Art film
• Vulgar auteurism
• World cinema
• Golden age of American animation
• Independent animation
• Limited animation
• A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies

References

1. Characteristics of a Modernist Film|Our Pastimes
2. Beyond the subtitle: remapping European art cinema: Betz, Mark - Internet Archive (pg.34)
3. Beginning Postmodernism, Manchester University Press: 1999 by Tim Woods
4. Dragan Milovanovic (15 March 2009). "Dueling Paradigms: Modernist v. Postmodern Thought". American Society of Criminology.
5. "Reading the Postmodern Image: A Cognitive Mapping," Screen: 31, 4 (Winter 1990) by Tony Wilson
6. The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
7. Perry, Ted (2006). Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253347718.
8. Modernism and Film - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
9. Murphy, Richard (2007). "Modernism and the Cinema: Metropolis and the Expressionist Aesthetic". Comparative Critical Studies. 4 (1): 105–120. doi:10.3366/ccs.2007.4.1.105. S2CID 145016904.
10. Vertigo - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
11. "Modernism and Citizen Kane" by George R. Robinson - BMCC
12. The Big Sleep: Cinema and Modernism > National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea
13. German Cinema, 1920-1930 — Modernism Lab
14. Kovács, András Bálint (2006). "Sartre, the Philosophy of Nothingness, and the Modern Melodrama". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 64 (1): 135–145. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2006.00235.x. JSTOR 3700498.
15. Film Noir and the Spaces of Modernity —— Edward Dimendberg|Harvard University Press
16. Cinema and modernism - The British Library
17. The forgotten glamour and modernism of 1930s Italian cinema sets – Museum Crush
18. Modernism, Montage, and Social Commentary in Early City Films — Indiana University Cinema
19. Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal
20. How Chantal Akerman's modernist masterpiece changed cinema - BBC Culture
21. Screening Modernism —— Cineaste Magazine
22. Anthology Film Archives : Film Screenings
23. American Stranger: Modernisms, Hollywood, and the Cinema of Nicholas Ray (Suny Series) (Paperback)|University Press Books/Berkeley
24. Sirk/Fassbinder: Melodrama Mutations|White City Cinema
25. Evans, Victoria L. (2017). Douglas Sirk, Aesthetic Modernism and the Culture of Modernity. ISBN 9781474409391. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1pwt8s4.
26. Battleship Potemkin makes us strong|World cinema|The Guardian
27. American Stranger - Google Books
28. Key avant-garde films from the roaring '20s :: September 2011 :: Cassone
29. The sad and the beautiful : Val Lewton and Vincette Minnelli at the Stanford Theatre|The Stanford Daily
30. Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema - Indiana University Press
31. THE WORK OF IDA LUPINO EARNS SOME OVERDUE PRAISE - Chicago Tribune
32. Table of Contents: Masterpieces of modernist cinema/ - Villanova University
33. Modernity: A Film by Alfred Hitchcock — Senses of Cinema
34. Established Modernism, 1962-1966 - Chicago Scholarship
35. “ ‘Saved from the Blessings of Civilization’: Stagecoach, the West, and American Vernacular Modernism” - Michael Valdez Moses, Duke University
36. Yasujiro Ozu: 10 essential films|BFI
37. The Rashomon Effect|The Current|The Criterion Collection
38. A Quickie Look at the Life & Career of Tex Avery - Bright Lights Film Journal
39. Tex Avery: Arch-Radicalizer of the Hollywood Cartoon - Bright Lights Journal
40. That's All, Folks - The Washington Post
41. The 100 Most Influential Sequences in Animation History - Vulture
42. The Cartoon Renegades - The New York Times
43. Alternative Visions: Animation|BAMPFA
44. Independent Spirits: Faith Hubley/John Hubley (2003) - Turner Classic Movies
45. Wolfgram Evans, Noell K. (26 April 2011). Animators of Film and Television: Nineteen Artists, Writers, Producers and Others. McFarland. ISBN 9780786448326.
46. Amit Chaudhuri on Satyajit Ray's very Indian modernity: Not a 'beginning' as much as a 'fruition' - Scroll.in
47. Cinema, Emergence, and the Films of Satyajit Ray - Google Books (pg.195)
48. The Riddle of the Chicken: The Work of Norman McLaren — Senses of Cinema
49. The world of Len Lye|Govett-Brewster Art Gallery|Len Lye Centre
50. "Pretty Good for the 21st Century||Keep It Moving?
51. Film and Literary Modernism - Google Books
52. The Statues Still Stood: The Third Man and Third Spaces|Modernism / Modernity Print+
53. The Development of a Modernist Narrative in Selected Film of Joseph Losey - CORE
54. Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism on JSTOR
55. Ten Great Movies for Placemakers —— Project for Public Spaces
56. Black & White & Noir: American Pulp Modernism - Google Books (pgs.11-12)
57. Hilliker, Lee (2002). "In the Modernist Mirror: Jacques Tati and the Parisian Landscape". The French Review. 76 (2): 318–329. JSTOR 3132711.
58. The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
59. Carney, Raymond (28 January 1994). The Films of John Cassavetes: Pragmatism, Modernism, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521388153.
60. The Daring, Original, and Overlooked "Symbiopyschotaxiplasm: Take One"|The New Yorker
61. Blake Edwards's 'The Great Race' and 'The Party' - The New York Times
62. The Bitter Essence of Blake Edwards|Screening the Past
63. Filmmuseum - Program SD
64. Hard Clarity, Vaporous Ambiguity: The Fusion of Realism and Modernism in Antonioni's early 1960s Films - Senses of Cinema
65. Modernist Master: Michelangelo Antonioni | BAMPFA
66. Mr. Klein (1976)|The Criterion Collection
67. Mr. Klein | BAMPFA
68. Pierrot Le Fou’s Discourse on the Infection of Americanism in Europe and the Absurdity of Modern Society|Culled Culture
69. "All right: where am I?" "Looney Tunes" Animation as Modernist Performance on JSTOR
70. John Cassavetes: The First Dogma Director? - Bright Lights Film Journal
71. McElhaney, Joe (February 2012). The Death of Classical Cinema: Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791481110.
72. A Modernist Cinema - Google Books
73. Was postmodernism born with Close Encounters of the Third Kind?|Culture|The Guardian
74. Kubrick's Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities - Google Books
75. Time Machines: After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy, edited by Jeremi Szaniawski · Senses of Cinema
76. Hutcheon, Linda (1990). "An epilogue: Postmodern parody: History, subjectivity, and ideology". Quarterly Review of Film and Video. 12 (1–2): 125–133. doi:10.1080/10509209009361343.
77. Hiroshima mon amour's Unforgettable Opening|Current|The Criterion Collection
78. Horror versus Terror in the Body Genre | CINEACTION
79. Emile de Antonio - Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
80. Lessons of Documentary: Reality, Representation, and Cinematic Expressivity - American Society For Aesthetics
81. MUBI Special Being Green: Jim Henson's Early Shorts
82. Designers in Context: Film, Advertising, and Modernism - The Visualist
83. Agnès Varda Was a Living Work of Art - The Hollywood Reporter
84. Eclipse Series 19: Chantal Akerman in the Seventies|The Criterion Collection
85. Here Is Your Life (1966)|The Criterion Collection
86. Voyage into the unknown | Movies - The Guardian
87. A Matter of Life and Death (1946)|The Criterion Collection
88. Hippie Modernism: Cinema and Counterculture, 1964-1974 - BAMPFA
89. Theater 2 Hippie Modernism Shorts - BAMPFA
90. Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia At The Berkeley Art Museum | East Bay Express
91. Elegy to Ecstasy: Films from Canyon Cinema - BAMPFA
92. Festival Express|BAMPFA
93. Vulgar Modernism - Artfourm International
94. Vulgar Modernism - Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism
95. Simpson, Philip; Utterson, Andrew; Shepherdson, Karen J. (2004). Film Theory: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 171. ISBN 9780415259750.
96. Five films that influenced Jean-Luc Godard|Far Out Magazine
97. Jiří Trnka Shorts: Mature Mastery | American Cinematheque
98. The Czech Year - Harvard Film Archive
99. Bashara, Dan (2 April 2019). Cartoon Vision: UPA Animation and Postwar Aesthetics. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520298132.
100. Global Animation Theory - International Perspectives at Animafest Zagreb - Bloomsbury Collections
101. Sollors, Werner (2008). Ethnic modernism (First Harvard University Press paperback ed.). Cambridge, Mass. p. 8. ISBN 9780674030916.
102. Murray, Robin L. (2011). That's all folks? : ecocritical readings of American animated features. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85–89. ISBN 9780803235120.
103. Why Do Movies Feel So Different Now? - Thomas Flight on YouTube
104. Six facts about Jean-Luc Goddard – the godfather of modernist cinema|Evening Standard
105. What Made Buster Keaton’s Comedy So Modern?|The New Yorker
106. 'And Walt Went Crazy' - Animation Obsessive
107. Bubble Bath review – hallucinogenic animated musical is a work of 70s genius|Movies|The Guardian
108. Habfürdő in the 2020-2021 Season of Classic Films Catalogue|Gyorgy Kovasznai
109. The Servant (1963)|The Criterion Collection
110. La notte (1961)|The Criterion Collection
111. Hippie Medium - Artfourm
112. United Productions of America and Cartoon Modernism · Bosustow Family Film Collection · Indiana University Libraries Movie Image Archive
113. 12 Totally Strange and Underseen Animated Films|PopMatters
114. Modernist Cinema|Meer
115. What Makes Citizen Kane the Greatest Film of All Time?|TheCollector
116. How THE BIG SLEEP Made Detectives Postmodern - Film Requiry
117. Theories of Modernism in Cinema|Voices|Sylff Official Website
118. Godard Was Cinema|The Nation
119. Post-War Modernist Cinema and Philosophy - Google Books
120. Early Anime Features: Two 1960s Classics|Cartoon Research

External links

• Theories of Modernism and Cinema
• Cinema and modernism - The British Library
• Post-war Cinema and Modernity