The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as peacekeepers.[8]
The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[9]
Ukrainian service
Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.[11]
Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[13]
The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbas War, which was replaced by the MM14 [uk][2] from August 21, 2014.[1]
Design
The color scheme "oak", known as "amoeba",[14] consists of a light green background, on which spots of green and brown colors are applied.[6] Camouflage is designed to blur the silhouette at long and close distances.
Variants
Belarus
Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[15]
Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[17]
Moldova
Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[18]
Ukraine
A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).[1]
Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.[21]
Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.[22]
Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.[23] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003–2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.[15]
Russia: Adopted in 1991.[26] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[27]