Demographics of Egypt
Demographics of Egypt Population 104,400,000 Growth rate 1.4% (2023est.) Birth rate 19.4 births/1,000 population (2023) Death rate 5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023) Life expectancy 74.45 years • male 73.26 years • female 75.72 years Fertility rate 2.58 children (2023 est.) Infant mortality rate 17.7 deaths/1,000 live births Net migration rate -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population Total 1.06 male(s)/female (2022 est.) At birth 1.06 male(s)/female Official Arabic
2010 population density
Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East, and the fourth-most populous on the African continent , after Nigeria , Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of the Congo .[1] [2] About 95%[3] of the country's 104 million people (July 2023)[4] live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal . These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 people per km2 , as compared to 96 persons per km2 for the country as a whole.
Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living .
According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics ), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge : with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011 . An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.[5] [6]
Population size and distribution
Egypt has a population of 109,500,000 (2023).[7] According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.[8]
History
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(February 2022 )
Historical population growth in Egypt; data from Our World in Data
Historical population over time Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1 4,000,000 — 1000 8,000,000 +0.07% 1500 7,300,000 −0.02% 1805 4,000,000 −0.20% 1882 6,712,000 +0.67% 1897 9,669,000 +2.46% 1907 11,190,000 +1.47% 1917 12,718,000 +1.29% 1927 14,178,000 +1.09% 1937 15,921,000 +1.17% 1947 18,967,000 +1.77% 1960 26,085,000 +2.48% 1966 30,076,000 +2.40% 1976 36,626,000 +1.99% 1986 48,254,000 +2.80% 1996 59,312,000 +2.08% 2006 72,798,000 +2.07% 2017 93,287,000 +2.28% Source: Population in Egypt[9]
Age distribution
Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics .[10]
Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976,1986,1996,2006) by age group
Percentage distribution of population in censuses by age group
Age group
2006
1996
1986
1976
0–4
10.6
11.6
15.3
13.9
5–9
10.5
12.9
13.2
12.8
10–14
10.6
13.3
11.6
13.4
15–19
11.8
11.6
10.6
10.9
20–24
10.8
8.6
8.9
8.4
25–29
8.8
7.4
7.7
7.3
30–34
6.5
6.7
6.4
5.8
35–39
6.4
6.5
6.1
5.6
40–44
5.6
5.3
4.4
5.1
45–49
5.1
4.5
4.0
4.2
50–54
4.2
3.4
3.5
4.0
55–59
3.1
2.5
2.6
2.4
60–64
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.7
65–69
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
70–74
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
75+
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.0
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010):
Age group
Male
Female
%
Total
0–4
4,282
4,072
10.6
8,354
5–9
4,265
4,007
10.5
8,272
10–14
4,330
4,023
10.6
8,353
15–19
4,738
4,501
11.7
9,239
20–24
4,358
4,155
10.8
8,513
25–29
3,412
3,498
8.8
6,910
30–34
2,614
2,503
6.5
5,117
35–39
2,498
2,536
6.4
5,034
40–44
2,237
2,186
5.6
4,423
45–49
2,029
1,942
5.0
3,971
50–54
1,668
1,640
4.2
3,308
55–59
1,312
1,136
3.1
2,448
60–64
971
871
2.3
1 842
65–69
693
597
1.6
1 290
70–74
435
419
1.1
854
75+
408
392
1.0
800
Total
40,250
38,478
100
78,728
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012):
Age group
Male
Female
%
Total
0–4
4,780
4,410
11.17
9,190
5–9
4,534
4,192
10.60
8,726
10–14
3,970
3,706
9.33
7,676
15–19
3,970
3,746
9.37
7,710
20–24
4,236
4,024
10.04
8,260
25–29
4,084
3,924
9.73
8,008
30–34
3,346
3,249
8.01
6,595
35–39
2,589
2,524
6.21
5,113
40–44
2,262
2,206
5.43
4,468
45–49
2,077
2,037
5.00
4,114
50–54
1,821
1,798
4.40
3,619
55–59
1,494
1,480
3.61
2,974
60–64
1,105
1,113
2.69
2,218
65–69
767
785
1.89
1,552
70–74
501
517
1.24
1,018
75+
522
536
1.29
1,058
Total
42,058
40,247
100
82,305
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013):
Age group
Male
Female
%
Total
0–4
4,861
4,481
11.17
9,342
5–9
4,610
4,259
10.60
8,869
10–14
4,038
3,765
9.33
7,803
15–19
4,038
3,805
9.37
7,843
20–24
4,309
4,089
10.04
8,398
25–29
4,152
3,987
9.73
8,139
30–34
3,403
3,300
8.01
6,703
35–39
2,633
2,564
6.21
5,197
40–44
2,300
2,241
5.43
4,541
45–49
2,113
2,069
5.00
4,182
50–54
1,852
1,827
4.40
3,679
55–59
1,519
1,504
3.61
3,023
60–64
1,124
1,130
2.69
2,254
65–69
781
797
1.89
1,578
70–74
510
525
1.24
1,035
75–79
291
303
0.71
594
80+
239
242
0.57
481
Total
42,773
40,888
100
83,661
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
%
0–4
4 910 594
4 538 740
9 449 334
11,17
5–9
4 657 900
4 313 848
8 971 748
10,60
10–14
4 079 894
3 812 951
7 892 845
9,33
15–19
4 079 894
3 853 840
7 933 634
9,37
20–24
4 353 289
4 140 279
8 493 568
10,04
25–29
4 195 561
4 037 843
8 233 404
9,73
30–34
3 438 467
3 342 721
6 781 188
8,01
35–39
2 660 343
2 596 487
5 256 830
6,21
40–44
2 323 857
2 269 370
4 593 227
5,43
45–49
2 134 584
2 095 590
4 230 173
5,00
50–54
1 871 704
1 850 252
3 721 956
4,40
55–59
1 535 218
1 523 136
3 058 354
3,61
60–64
1 135 641
1 144 907
2 280 548
2,69
65–69
788 639
807 569
1 596 208
1,89
70–74
515 244
531 564
1 046 809
1,24
75–79
294 425
306 672
601 097
0,71
80+
241 849
246 108
487 957
0,58
Total
43 217 105
41 411 877
84 628 982
100
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
13 648 388
12 665 539
26 313 927
31,09
15–64
27 728 560
26 854 425
54 582 985
64,50
65+
1 840 157
1 891 913
3 732 070
4,41
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands:
Age group
Male
Female
Total
%
0–4
5 102
4 728
9 830
11,3
5–9
4 729
4 398
9 127
10,5
10–14
4 225
3 959
8 184
9,4
15–19
4 312
4 077
8 389
9,7
20–24
4 565
4 365
8 930
10,4
25–29
4 280
4 119
8 399
9,7
30–34
3 413
3 319
6 732
7,8
35–39
2 678
2 604
5 282
6,1
40–44
2 391
2 349
4 740
5,5
45–49
2 194
2 156
4 350
5,0
50–54
1 898
1 877
3 775
4,3
55–59
1 547
1 536
3 083
3,6
60–64
1 130
1 131
2 261
2,6
65–69
789
801
1 590
1,8
70–74
515
535
1 050
1,2
75+
537
555
1 092
1,3
Total
44 305
42 509
86 814
100
Age group
Sex ratio
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
107.4
14 056
13 085
27 141
31,26
15–39
104.1
19 248
18 484
37 732
43,46
40–64
101.2
9 160
9 049
18 209
20,97
65+
97.4
1 841
1 891
3 732
4,30
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).[11]
Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)
Age Group
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
0–4
14,1
12,6
13,4
5–9
12,1
11,1
11,6
10–14
10,7
9,9
10,3
15–19
9,1
9,0
9,1
20–24
7,8
8,6
8,2
25–29
8,2
9,4
8,8
30–34
7,0
7,7
7,3
35–39
5,9
6,2
6,0
40–44
4,8
5,1
4,9
45–49
4,7
4,7
4,7
50–54
4,2
4,5
4,4
55–59
3,4
3,7
3,5
60–64
3,4
3,3
3,4
65–69
2,0
1,9
1,9
70–74
1,4
1,3
1,3
75–79
0,6
0,5
0,5
80+
0,5
0,6
0,6
Age group
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
0–14
36,9
33,6
35,3
15–64
58,6
62,1
60,4
65+
4,5
4,3
4,3
[
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2015):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
%
0–4
5 168 230
4 791 812
9 960 042
11,3
5–9
4 790 338
4 456 493
9 246 831
10,5
10–14
4 279 072
4 013 008
8 292 080
9,4
15–19
4 367 988
4 131 991
8 499 979
9,7
20–24
4 623 621
4 424 043
9 047 664
10,3
25–29
4 334 645
4 175 258
8 509 903
9,7
30–34
3 456 601
3 364 004
6 820 605
7,8
35–39
2 711 932
2 639 282
5 351 214
6,1
40–44
2 422 954
2 379 682
4 802 636
5,5
45–49
2 222 893
2 184 980
4 407 873
5,0
50–54
1 922 803
1 903 745
3 826 548
4,4
55–59
1 567 139
1 557 610
3 124 749
3,6
60–64
1 144 789
1 146 574
2 291 363
2,6
65–69
800 241
811 254
1 611 495
1,8
70–74
522 379
540 837
1 063 216
1,2
75+
544 608
562 470
1 107 078
1,3
Total
44 880 233
43 083 043
87 963 276
100
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
14 237 640
13 261 313
27 498 953
31,26
15–64
28 775 365
27 907 169
56 682 534
64,44
65+
1 867 228
1 914 561
3 781 789
4,30
Historical and present population distribution:
Age group
1 January 2015
1 July 2013
1 January 2013
1 July 2012
1 July 2010
2006
1996
1986
1976
0–14
31.26 (27,498,953)
31.09 (26,313,927)
31.1 (26,014,000)
31.1 (25,592,000)
31.7 (24,979,000)
31.7
37.8
40.1
40
15–64
64.44 (56,682,534)
64.50 (54,582,985)
64.49 (53,959,000)
64.48 (53,085,000)
64.6 (50,805,000)
64.6
58.7
56.6
56.4
65+
4.30 (3,781,789)
4.41 (3,732,070)
4.41 (3,688,000)
4.42 (3,628,000)
3.7 (2,944,000)
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.6
Urban and rural population
Figures from CAPMAS:[12]
Midyear
Population
Urban population (in thousands)
Urban population (per cent)
Rural population (in thousands)
Rural population (per cent)
1990
51 911
22 519
43.4
29 392
56.6
1991
52 985
22 908
43.2
30 077
56.8
1992
54 082
23 366
43.2
30 716
56.8
1993
55 201
23 804
43.1
31 397
56.9
1994
56 344
24 276
43.1
32 068
56.9
1995
57 642
24 709
42.9
32 933
57.1
1996
58 835
25 053
42.6
33 782
57.4
1997
60 053
25 578
42.6
34 475
57.4
1998
61 296
26 104
42.6
35 192
57.4
1999
62 565
26 559
42.5
36 006
57.5
2000
63 860
27 132
42.5
36 728
57.5
2001
65 182
28 118
43.1
37 064
56.9
2002
66 628
28 554
42.9
38 074
57.1
2003
67 965
29 130
42.9
38 835
57.1
2004
69 304
29 653
42.8
39 651
57.2
2005
70 653
30 187
42.7
40 466
57.3
2006
72 009
30 585
42.5
41 424
57.5
2007
73 644
31 720
43.1
41 924
56.9
2008
75 194
32 249
42.9
42 945
57.1
2009
76 925
33 083
43.0
43 842
57.0
2010
78 685
33 804
43.0
44 881
57.0
2011
80 530
34 489
42.8
46 041
57.2
2012
82 550
35 373
42.9
47 177
57.1
2013
84 629
36 213
42.8
48 416
57.2
2014
86 814
37 095
42.7
49 719
57.3
Population projections
The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.[12] The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy.
Vital statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[13]
One birth every 12 seconds
One death every 52 seconds
One net migrant every 13 minutes
Net gain of one person every 17 seconds
Vital statistics:[14] [15] [16]
Midyear population
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Crude death rate (per 1000)
Natural change (per 1000)
Total fertility rate
1934
15,449,000
651,663
429,851
221,812
42.2
27.8
14.4
1935
15,624,000
645,760
412,197
233,563
41.3
26.4
14.9
1936
15,801,000
698,186
455,832
242,354
44.2
28.8
15.3
1937
16,009,000
694,086
434,208
259,878
43.4
27.1
16.2
1938
16,300,000
704,376
429,248
275,128
43.2
26.3
16.9
1939
16,598,000
696,746
429,033
267,713
42.0
25.8
16.1
1940
16,900,000
697,700
444,448
253,252
41.3
26.3
15.0
1941
17,208,000
695,016
440,981
254,035
40.4
25.6
14.8
1942
17,522,000
658,324
494,358
163,966
37.6
28.2
9.4
1943
17,842,000
689,771
492,644
197,127
38.7
27.6
11.0
1944
18,167,000
722,166
472,234
249,932
39.8
26.0
13.8
1945
18,498,000
787,502
512,003
275,499
42.6
27.7
14.9
1946
18,835,000
776,000
484,000
292,000
41.2
25.7
15.5
1947
19,197,000
834,557
408,577
425,980
43.5
21.3
22.2
1948
19,529,000
832,728
397,976
434,752
42.6
20.4
22.3
1949
19,989,000
831,310
410,524
420,786
41.6
20.5
21.1
1950
21,514,000
904,941
388,944
515,997
44.2
19.0
25.2
1951
22,020,000
934,584
402,158
532,426
44.6
19.2
25.4
1952
22,562,000
969,443
380,633
588,810
45.2
17.8
27.5
1953
23,138,000
934,830
429,097
505,733
42.6
19.6
23.0
1954
23,747,000
957,158
401,306
555,852
42.6
17.9
24.7
1955
24,387,000
926,500
405,663
520,837
40.3
17.6
22.7
1956
25,057,000
958,880
384,974
573,906
40.7
16.4
24.4
1957
25,756,000
914,494
429,512
484,982
38.0
17.8
20.1
1958
26,480,000
1,013,743
409,197
604,546
41.1
16.6
24.5
1959
27,228,000
1,078,947
411,188
667,759
42.8
16.3
26.5
1960
27,998,000
1,113,888
437,822
676,066
43.0
16.9
26.1
1961
28,786,000
1,166,620
420,158
746,462
43.9
15.8
28.1
1962
29,591,000
1,125,798
486,699
639,099
41.3
17.9
23.4
1963
30,410,000
1,196,388
431,673
764,715
42.8
15.4
27.4
1964
31,242,000
1,205,785
449,375
756,410
42.1
15.7
26.4
1965
32,084,000
1,220,658
411,636
809,022
41.5
14.0
27.5
1966
32,937,000
1,234,976
477,021
757,955
41.0
15.8
25.1
1967
33,799,000
1,210,214
440,161
770,053
39.2
14.2
24.9
1968
34,660,000
1,206,585
509,430
697,155
38.1
16.1
22.0
1969
35,511,000
1,197,245
468,017
729,228
36.8
14.4
22.4
1970
36,342,000
1,161,539
500,626
660,913
34.9
15.0
19.8
1971
37,152,000
1,186,350
445,192
741,158
34.8
13.1
21.8
1972
37,945,000
1,187,286
499,628
687,658
34.1
14.3
19.7
1973
38,734,000
1,259,004
459,816
799,188
35.3
12.9
22.4
1974
39,534,000
1,287,614
457,620
829,994
35.4
12.6
22.8
1975
40,359,000
1,331,799
456,041
875,758
36.0
12.3
23.7
1976
41,213,000
1,378,917
444,228
934,689
36.4
11.7
24.7
1977
42,094,000
1,447,402
457,558
989,844
37.3
11.8
25.5
1978
43,006,000
1,479,698
415,605
1,064,093
37.2
10.5
26.8
1979
43,951,000
1,633,674
444,753
1,188,921
40.0
10.9
29.1
1980
44,932,000
1,569,247
421,227
1,148,020
37.3
10.0
27.3
5.3
1981
45,946,000
1,593,698
432,264
1,161,434
36.8
10.0
26.8
1982
46,991,000
1,601,265
441,621
1,159,644
34.1
9.4
24.7
1983
48,072,000
1,666,915
412,700
1,254,215
34.7
8.6
26.1
1984
49,190,000
1,797,206
400,600
1,396,606
36.5
8.1
28.4
4.9
1985
50,347,000
1,903,022
442,258
1,460,764
37.8
8.8
29.0
1986
51,545,000
1,907,975
455,888
1,452,087
37.0
8.8
28.2
1987
52,777,000
1,902,604
466,161
1,436,443
36.0
8.8
27.2
1988
54,011,000
1,912,765
427,018
1,485,747
35.4
7.9
27.5
4.4
1989
55,207,000
1,722,934
414,214
1,308,720
31.2
7.5
23.7
1990
51,911,000
1,687,000
393,250
1,293,750
32.5
7.6
24.9
1991
52,985,000
1,636,551
391,588
1,244,963
30.9
7.4
23.5
4.1
1992
54,082,000
1,496,866
382,465
1,114,401
27.7
7.1
20.6
1993
55,201,000
1,600,549
380,000
1,220,549
29.0
6.9
22.1
1994
56,344,000
1,610,652
385,296
1,225,356
28.6
6.8
21.7
1995
57,642,000
1,604,835
384,548
1,220,287
27.8
6.7
21.2
3.6
1996
58,835,000
1,662,065
379,983
1,282,082
28.2
6.5
21.8
1997
60,053,000
1,654,695
389,301
1,265,394
27.6
6.5
21.1
3.3
1998
61,296,000
1,687,252
399,772
1,287,480
27.5
6.5
21.0
3.4
1999
62,565,000
1,693,025
401,433
1,291,592
27.1
6.4
20.6
2000
63,860,000
1,751,854
404,699
1,347,155
27.4
6.3
21.1
3.5
2001
65,182,000
1,741,308
404,531
1,336,777
26.7
6.2
20.5
2002
66,628,000
1,766,589
424,034
1,342,555
26.5
6.4
20.2
2003
67,965,000
1,777,418
440,149
1,337,269
26.2
6.5
19.7
3.2
2004
69,304,000
1,779,500
440,790
1,338,710
25.7
6.4
19.3
2005
70,653,000
1,800,972
450,646
1,350,326
25.5
6.4
19.1
3.1
2006
72,009,000
1,853,746
451,863
1,401,883
25.7
6.3
19.5
2007
74,828,000
1,949,569
450,596
1,498,973
26.5
6.1
20.4
2008
76,651,000
2,050,704
461,934
1,588,770
27.4
5.9
21.5
3.0
2009
78,522,000
2,217,409
476,592
1,740,817
28.8
6.2
22.6
2010
80,443,000
2,261,409
483,385
1,778,024
28.7
6.1
22.6
2011
82,410,000
2,442,094
493,086
1,949,008
30.3
6.1
24.2
2012
84,418,000
2,629,769
529,247
2,100,522
31.9
6.4
25.5
2013
86,460,000
2,621,902
511,000
2,110,719
31.0
6.0
25.0
2014
88,530,000
2,720,495
531,864
2,188,631
31.3
6.1
25.2
3.5
2015
90,624,000
2,685,276
573,129
2,123,102
30.2
6.5
23.7
3.4
2016
92,737,000
2,600,173
556,148
2,044,025
28.6
6.1
22.5
3.25
2017
95,203,000
2,557,400
547,200
1,971,115
26.8
5.6
21.2
3.12
2018
97,147,000
2,382,362
560,308
1,822,054
24.5
5.8
18.7
3.0
2019
98,902,000
2,304,800
570,600
1,734,200
23.3
5.8
17.5
2.9
2020
100,604,000
2,235,300
664,800
1,570,500
22.2
6.6
15.6
2.85
2021
102,061,000
2,184,605
741,900
1,442,705
21.4
7.3
14.1
2.77
2022
103,605,000
2,193,001
601,781
1,591,220
21.2
5.8
15.4
2.75(e)
2023
104,450,000
2,044,000[17]
581,000
1,463,000
19.4
5.5
13.9
2.58(e)
Current vital statistics
[18]
Period
Live births
Deaths
Natural increase
January-February 2023
345,500
104,000
+241,500
January-February 2024
329,300
107,900
+221,400
Difference
-16,200 (-4.69%)
+3,900 (+3.75%)
-20,100
Fertility rate (Demographic Health Survey)
Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):[19]
Year
CBR (total)
TFR (total)
CBR (urban)
TFR (urban)
CBR (rural)
TFR (rural)
1992
29,7
3,93 (2,7)
23,3
2,92 (2,0)
35,0
4,91 (3,4)
1995
28,0
3,63 (2,6)
23,9
3,01 (2,2)
31,4
4,19 (2,9)
1997
3,3
2,7
3,7
1998
27
3,4
23
2,8
31
3,9
2000
27,8
3,53 (2,9)
24,8
3,09 (2,6)
30,1
3,88 (3,1)
2003
26,3
3,2 (2,5)
21,7
2,6 (2,1)
29,8
3,6 (2,9)
2005
27,1
3,1 (2,3)
23,6
2,7 (2,1)
29,6
3,4 (2,5)
2008
26,6
3,0 (2,4)
23,3
2,7 (2,2)
29,1
3,2 (2,5)
2014
29,1
3,5 (2,8)
23,3
2,9 (2,4)
32,7
3,8 (3,0)
Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy in Egypt since 1927
Life expectancy in Egypt since 1960 by gender
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[20]
Period
Life expectancy in Years
Period
Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955
41.1
1985–1990
63.5
1955–1960
46.4
1990–1995
65.4
1960–1965
49.3
1995–2000
68.0
1965–1970
51.6
2000–2005
69.0
1970–1975
53.0
2005–2010
69.9
1975–1980
56.8
2010–2015
70.8
1980–1985
59.9
Demographics by Governorate
Urban and Rural Population of Governorates
Data taken from CAPMAS:[21]
Governorate
% Urban
Population (2017)
Rural
Urban
Alexandria
98.7
5,163,750
68,293
5,095,457
Aswan
41.1
1,473,975
868,820
605,155
Asyut
25.9
4,383,289
3,248,225
1,135,064
Beheira
18.2
6,171,613
5,050,630
1,120,983
Beni Suef
20.1
3,154,100
2,438,134
715,966
Cairo
100.0
9,539,673
0
9,539,673
Dakahlia
28.3
6,492,381
4,656,592
1,835,789
Damietta
39.4
1,496,765
907,542
589,223
Faiyum
23.0
3,596,954
2,768,329
828,625
Gharbia
28.1
4,999,633
3,594,336
1,405,297
Giza
61.1
8,632,021
3,365,818
5,266,203
Ismailia
44.5
1,303,993
724,046
579,947
Kafr el-Sheikh
23.9
3,362,185
2,557,058
805,127
Luxor
40.4
1,250,209
744,669
505,540
Matruh
62.7
425,624
158,546
267,078
Minya
18.0
5,497,095
4,507,931
989,164
Monufia
20.7
4,301,601
3,410,855
890,746
New Valley
46.0
241,247
130,253
110,994
North Sinai
62.9
450,328
167,217
283,111
Port Said
100.0
749,371
0
749,371
Qalyubia
42.7
5,627,420
3,224,929
2,402,491
Qena
18.8
3,164,281
2,569,795
594,486
Red Sea
96.5
359,888
12,516
347,372
Sharqia
24.9
7,163,824
5,422,698
1,741,126
Sohag
21.2
4,967,409
3,913,109
1,054,300
South Sinai
53.5
102,018
48,079
53,939
Suez
100.0
728,180
0
728,180
Total
42.2
94,798,827
54,558,420
40,240,407
Population density by governorate
Egyptian Population Density in pre-2013 administrative divisions[needs update ]
As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS:[21] Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km2 and area is in km2 .
Governorate
Population in thousands
Pop. density (inhabited area)
Pop. density (total area)
% inhabited to total
Inhabited area
Total area
Alexandria
4,761
2,841.5
2,070.0
72.8
1,675.50
2,300.00
Aswan
1,412
13,477.1
22.5
0.2
104.77
62,726.00
Asyut
4,181
2,656.3
161.3
6.1
1,574.00
25,926.00
Beheira
5,720
806.3
582.1
72.2
7,093.84
9,826.00
Beni Suef
2,812
2,053.4
256.7
12.5
1,369.41
10,954.00
Cairo
9,184
48,235.3
2,976.8
6.2
190.40
3,085.12
Dakahlia
5,881
1,662.1
1,662.1
100.0
3,538.23
3,538.23
Damietta
1,316
1,968.7
1,445.7
73.4
668.47
910.26
Faiyum
3,118
1,680.0
513.8
30.6
1,856.00
6,068.00
Gharbia
4,698
2,418.7
2,418.7
100.0
1,942.34
1,942.34
Giza
7,487
6,286.3
567.9
9.0
1,191.00
13,184.00
Ismailia
1,162
229.3
229.3
100.0
5,066.97
5,066.97
Kafr el-Sheikh
3,132
903.5
903.5
100.0
3,466.69
3,466.69
Luxor
1,132
4,992.7
469.8
9.4
226.73
2,409.68
Matruh
437
111.4
2.6
2.4
3,921.40
166,563.00
Minya
5,076
2,104.8
157.3
7.5
2,411.65
32,279.00
Monufia
3,890
1,596.9
1,556.6
97.5
2,435.93
2,499.00
New Valley
222
205.1
0.5
0.2
1,082.24
440,098.00
North Sinai
428
203.7
14.8
7.2
2,100.84
28,992.00
Port Said
660
499.7
490.7
98.2
1,320.68
1,344.96
Qalyubia
5,044
4,702.1
4,486.4
95.4
1,072.72
1,124.28
Qena
3,001
1,724.1
277.9
16.1
1,740.63
10,798.00
Red Sea
341
4,794.0
2.9
0.1
71.13
119,099.13
Sharqia
6,402
1,343.7
1,303.6
97.0
4,764.28
4,911.00
Sohag
4,536
2,845.8
411.5
14.5
1,593.92
11,022.00
South Sinai
166
9.9
5.3
53.7
16,791.00
31,272.00
Suez
615
68.3
68.3
100.0
9,002.21
9,002.21
Total
86,814
1109.1
85.9
7.8
78272.98
1010407.87
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)[22]
Ethnic groups
percent
Egyptians
99.7%
Other
0.3%
The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census).[22] "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt , who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.
The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts , Egyptians make up 95% of the population.[22] The vast majority of Egyptians are native speakers of Egyptian Arabic .
Minorities in Egypt include the Berber -speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt . There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom . There are also refugees mainly composed of Sudanese , and the over all refugees are estimated to be around 3–5 million,[23] those from war-zone areas like Iraq , Ethiopia , Somalia , South Sudan , and Eritrea .[23]
The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including Greeks , Italians , and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese , Syro-Lebanese , and other minority groups like Jews , Armenians , Turks and Albanians , though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese .
Other sources[citation needed ] give more detailed statistics, including the Beja [24] (ca. 1 million), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).
Languages
Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic . In The Upper Nile valley, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations.
English is widely understood.
Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.
Religions
Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)[25]
According to the CIA World Factbook , 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).[a]
[30] [31] [22]
Egyptians abroad
Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution .[32] According to the International Organization for Migration , an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia , 332,600 in Libya , 226,850 in Jordan , 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States , 110,000 in Canada ) and Europe (90,000 in Italy ).[33]
Genetics
Y-Chromosome
Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt.[34]
Haplogroup
n
A
B
E1a
E1b1a
E1b1b1
E1b1b1a
E1b1b1a1
E1b1b1a1b
E1b1b1a2
E1b1b1a3
E1b1b1a4
E1b1b1b
E1b1b1c
F
G
I
J1
J2
K
L
O
P, R
Q
R1a
R1b1a
R1b1b
R2
T
Marker
M33
M2
M35
M78
V12
V32
V13
V22
V65
M81
M34
M89
M201
V88
M269
M70
Egypt
370
1.35
–
0.54
2.43
3.24
0.81
7.03
1.62
0.81
9.19
2.43
11.89
6.76
1.08
5.68
0.54
20.81
6.75
0.27
0.81
0.27
0.54
0.27
2.16
2.97
2.97
0.54
6.22
See also
Notes
^ a b In 2017, the Wall Street Journal reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."[26] In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.[27] In 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."[28] In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.[29] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).[22]
References
^ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء" . www.capmas.gov.eg . Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2015 .
^ "Population - the World Factbook" .
^ "Egypt Facts" . National Geographic .
^ "population clock" . Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics.
^ Korotayev A. , Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
^ "The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome" . Marketplace . 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011 .
^ "Population Clock: World" . www.census.gov . Retrieved 3 September 2023 .
^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 21 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)
^ "Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006)" (PDF) . Egypt State Information Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2013 .
^ "Publication Name:Population" . Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014 .
^ "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF) . DHS. Retrieved 1 August 2015 .
^ a b "Statistical Yearbook – Population" . 20 May 2015.
^ "Egypt Population 2012" , World Population Review
^ "Demographic Yearbook 2019" . United Nations .
^ "Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics" .
^ "Unknown" . Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2015 .
^ "Births and Deaths Statement" . CAPMAS . Retrieved 10 January 2024 .
^ "Informatics bulletin" .
^ "The DHS Program – Survey Search" .
^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations" . esa.un.org . Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2018 .
^ a b "Egypt in Figures 2017" . CAPMAS. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020 .
^ a b c d e f "Egypt" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency . 14 December 2021.
^ a b "Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt?" . brookings.edu . 4 October 2016.
^ "2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea" , refworld.com
^ International Religious Freedom Report for 2014 US Department of State
^ Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness , Wall Street Journal (April 29, 2017).
^ Noha Elhennawy, Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws , Associated Press (November 15, 2019).
^ "Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians" . Wall Street Journal . 16 February 2015.
^ "Egyptian Coptic protesters freed" . BBC News . 22 December 2004.
^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt" . 15 September 2006.
^ a b "International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Egypt" . 14 September 2007.
^ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475549 . OCLC 1080638597 .
^ "IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010 .
^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape . PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
External links
Sovereign states States with limited recognition
Dependencies and other territories
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