List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls
Cairo Citadel was first established by Saladin and later expanded by several rulers including Muhammad Ali Pasha . It is included in a World Heritage Site Historic Cairo .[1]
Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is one of the well preserved Egyptian castles.
Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of castles, citadels, forts, and fortifications.
List by age
Pharaonic
Lower Egypt
Middle Egypt
Upper Egypt
Sinai
Western Desert
Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt
Nubia
Semna & Kumma forts view from west
Shalfak fort plan
Persian
Greco-Roman
Cairo
Delta
Kharga Oasis
Red Sea
Fayoum
Lower Egypt
Al-Heita fort, Eastern desert, Qena .[23]
Sinai
North coast
Islamic
Alexandria
Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Red Sea and Eastern desert
Sinai
Western desert
Modern Egypt
Cairo
Alexandria and North coast
Western Desert
Sinai
Suez Canal
Red Sea and Eastern Desert
List by areas and time
Western Desert
Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham , a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where trade goods were found. For example, cakes of Egyptian blue pigment, brought there for export, were found,[58] along with indications of exotic imports such as olive oil and wine.[59]
Alexandria
Damietta fortification and Tower 1600s
Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
Urabi Fort.
Old Damietta city wall and Fortifications.
Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels
13th century BC The Way of Horus coastal and Sinai forts.[2]
13th century BC Tharu castle .[2]
13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I ), (Qatia area), Sinai .[7]
13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I ), (Qantara area), Sinai [5] [7]
13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai [60]
13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai [60]
13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai [60]
13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai [60]
Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai[5] [7] [34]
Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.[7]
200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax ).[7]
Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish .[7]
Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
640 AD Farma (Pelusium ) citadel.[7] [29] [32]
7th century AD Justinian 's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium .[7]
7th century AD Garha Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai .[7]
Unknown time Byzantine fort, qaseema , Hosna , Middle Sinai .[7]
Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, Beer Al Abd , North Sinai .[7]
1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by Baldwin ), Wadi Araba.[7]
1116 Ad Aiyla fort (by Baldwin ), Aiyla city, Aqaba bay .[7]
1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by Baldwin ), Aqaba bay .[7]
1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by Baldwin ).[7]
1181 AD Aiyla Island Castle (by Ayyobids ).[7]
1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai .[7]
1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin ), Ras Sedr , Sinai .[7] [29] [30] [31]
1184 AD Salah El-Din castle , Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.[7] [29]
1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri ).[7] [29] [32]
1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri ).[7]
1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri ).[7]
1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri ).[7] [29] [32] [33]
1799 AD Qatiyah Fort, West of sinai (by General Lograng of Napoleon Army).[7]
1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
1893 Nuweiba Castle.[7] [29]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Hosna , middle Sinai.[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel , Sinai.[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Salah El Din Castle , South Sinai.[7]
1960s and 1970s Egyptian Defensive fortifications built by Egyptian Armed forces during the Attrition war on the Western bank of Suez Canal and Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).[7]
1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai [57]
Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, Hosna , North Sinai .[7]
See also
References
^ UNESCO , Decision Text , World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Ancient Egypt military architecture
^ Alexander the Great
^ a b Tandamane works
^ a b c "Qantara East history" . Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12 .
^ a b c Niebuhr travels
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
^ Large old Sinai fortress
^ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
^ Tharu fortifications
^ Tharu castle thesis
^ Siwa Oasis
^ Buhen castle
^ Ancient Egypt architecture
^ a b c d e f g h Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ Babylon fort history & photos
^ a b c d e "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis" . Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12 .
^ a b c d e f g h Kharga Oasis
^ a b c Porphyrite
^ Castellum of Badia
^ Red Sea Roman fort wall
^ "Fayoum Roman fort" . Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12 .
^ Qena
^ Egypt history
^ Alexandria histories
^ "Al Fustat city walls" . Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15 .
^ Alexandria history
^ Quseir Fort [permanent dead link ]
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ a b Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
^ a b Photos
^ a b c d e f "North Sinai forts" . Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15 .
^ a b Description of Nakhl Fortress
^ a b El Tina castle
^ Siwa fot photo
^ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
^ Rain damage of Siwa fort
^ "Siwa old photos" . Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12 .
^ Siwa Oasis
^ "Alex history" . Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21 .
^ Marsa Matrouh
^ Matruh Fortified position
^ Italian invasion of Egypt
^ Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Sidi Barani fortified camps
^ 1.JmA - Compass
^ North Africa battle
^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
^ Sollum Fortified camp
^ Operation Crusader
^ Battle of the Omars
^ North Africa campagain
^ "le général Rommel" . Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21 .
^ sharm-al-shaykh
^ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
^ a b Castle Zaman
^ Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000 . Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ "The Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Project - Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool" . www.liverpool.ac.uk .
^ a b c d "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء" . 5 June 2008.
External links