In 1947, John Nash arrives at Princeton University as a co-recipient, with Martin Hansen, of the Carnegie Scholarship for Mathematics. He meets fellow math and science graduate students Sol, Ainsley, and Bender, as well as his roommate Charles Herman, a literature student.
Determined to publish his own original idea, Nash is inspired when he and his classmates discuss how to approach a group of women at a bar. Hansen quotes Adam Smith advocating "every man for himself", but Nash argues that a cooperative approach would lead to better chances of success, which leads him to develop a new concept of governing dynamics. Publishing an article on his theory, he earns an appointment at MIT where he chooses Sol and Bender over Hansen to join him.
In 1953, Nash is invited to the Pentagon to study encrypted enemy telecommunications, which he deciphers mentally. Bored with his regular duties at MIT, including teaching, he is recruited by the mysterious William Parcher of the United States Department of Defense with a classified assignment: to look for hidden patterns in magazines and newspapers to thwart a Soviet plot and is given an implanted diode, that would give him a numeral passcode to a drop spot. Nash becomes increasingly obsessive in his search for these patterns, delivering his results to a secret mailbox, and comes to believe he is being followed.
One of his students, Alicia Larde, asks him to dinner, and they fall in love. On a return visit to Princeton, Nash runs into Charles and his niece, Marcee. With Charles' encouragement, he proposes to Alicia and they marry. Nash fears for his life after surviving a shootout between Parcher and Soviet agents, and learns Alicia is pregnant, but he is forced to continue his assignment. While delivering a guest lecture at Harvard University, Nash tries to flee from people he thinks are Soviet agents, led by a psychiatrist named Dr. Rosen, but is forcibly sedated and committed to a psychiatric facility.
Dr. Rosen tells Alicia that Nash has schizophrenia and that Charles, Marcee, and Parcher exist only in his imagination. Alicia meets with Sol and Bender, who show her husband's work room, which shows various news and magazines clippings, and she finds the location of the secret mailbox at an abandoned mansion. Alicia takes the many various unopened documents to Nash, telling him that no one by the name of "William Parcher" is working in the Defense Department. Overcome with shock, Nash slices his arm open to locate the diode, but it is not there. Nash is given a course of insulin shock therapy and eventually released. Frustrated with the side effects of his antipsychotic medication, he secretly stops taking it and starts seeing Parcher and Charles again.
In 1956, Alicia discovers Nash has resumed his "assignment" in a shed near their home. Realizing he has relapsed, Alicia rushes to the house to find Nash had left their infant son in the running bathtub, believing "Charles" was watching the baby. Alicia calls Dr. Rosen, but Nash accidentally knocks her and the baby to the ground, believing he's saving both of them from Parcher.
As Alicia flees with the baby, Nash fights with his visions and realizes that all of them have looked the same ever since he first saw them. He stops Alicia's car and tells her he realizes that "Marcee" isn't real because she has not aged since the last time he saw her, finally accepting that Parcher and other figures are hallucinations. Against Dr. Rosen's advice, Nash chooses not to undergo hospitalization again, believing he can deal with his symptoms himself, and Alicia decides to stay and support him.
Nash returns to Princeton, approaching his old rival Hansen, now head of the mathematics department, who allows him to work out of the library and audit classes. Over the next two decades, Nash learns to ignore his hallucinations and, by the late 1970s, is allowed to teach again.
In 1994, Nash is awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his revolutionary work on game theory, and is honored by his fellow professors. At the ceremony, he dedicates the prize to his wife. As Nash, Alicia, and their son leave the auditorium in Stockholm, Nash sees Charles, Marcee, and Parcher watching him, but merely glances at them before departing.
Killian, Christian, and Daniel Coffinet-Crean as Baby
Production
Development
A Beautiful Mind was the second schizophrenia-themed film that Ron Howard had planned to direct. The first, Laws of Madness, would have been based on the true story of schizophrenic Michael Laudor, who overcame difficult odds to successfully graduate from Yale Law School. Howard purchased the rights to Laudor's life story for $1.5 million in 1995 and had Brad Pitt slated to play the lead role. However, after Laudor killed his fiancée in 1998 in the midst of a psychotic episode, plans for the movie were cancelled.[3][4]
After producer Brian Grazer first read an excerpt of Sylvia Nasar's 1998 book A Beautiful Mind in Vanity Fair magazine, he immediately purchased the rights to the film. Grazer later said that many A-list directors were calling with their point of view on the project. He eventually brought the project to Ron Howard, his long-time professional partner.[5]
Grazer met with a number of screenwriters, mostly consisting of "serious dramatists", but he chose Akiva Goldsman because of his strong passion and desire for the project. Goldsman's creative take on the project was to avoid having viewers understand they are viewing an alternative reality until a specific point in the film. This was done to rob the viewers of their understanding, to mimic how Nash comprehended his experiences. Howard agreed to direct the film based on the first draft. He asked Goldsman to emphasize the love story of Nash and his wife; she was critical to his being able to continue living at home.[6]
Dave Bayer, a professor of mathematics at Barnard College, Columbia University,[7] was consulted on the mathematical equations that appear in the film. For the scene where Nash has to teach a calculus class and gives them a complicated problem to keep them busy, Bayer chose a problem physically unrealistic but mathematically very rich, in keeping with Nash as "someone who really doesn't want to teach the mundane details, who will home in on what's really interesting". Bayer received a cameo role in the film as a professor who lays his pen down for Nash in the pen ceremony near the end of the film.[8]
Greg Cannom was chosen to create the makeup effects for A Beautiful Mind, specifically the age progression of the characters. Crowe had previously worked with Cannom on The Insider. Howard had also worked with Cannom on Cocoon. Each character's stages of makeup were broken down by the number of years that would pass between levels. Cannom stressed subtlety between the stages, but worked toward the ultimate stage of "Older Nash". The production team originally decided that the makeup department would age Russell Crowe throughout the film; however, at Crowe's request, the makeup was used to push his look to resemble the facial features of John Nash. Cannom developed a new silicone-type makeup that could simulate skin and be used for overlapping applications; this shortened make-up application time from eight to four hours. Crowe was also fitted with a number of dentures to give him a slight overbite in the film.[9]
Howard and Grazer chose frequent collaborator James Horner to score the film because they knew of his ability to communicate. Howard said, regarding Horner, "it's like having a conversation with a writer or an actor or another director". A running discussion between the director and the composer was the concept of high-level mathematics being less about numbers and solutions, and more akin to a kaleidoscope, in that the ideas evolve and change. After the first screening of the film, Horner told Howard: "I see changes occurring like fast-moving weather systems". He chose it as another theme to connect to Nash's ever-changing character. Horner chose Welsh singer Charlotte Church to sing the soprano vocals after deciding that he needed a balance between a child and adult singing voice. He wanted a "purity, clarity and brightness of an instrument" but also a vibrato to maintain the humanity of the voice.[10]
The film was shot 90% chronologically. Three separate trips were made to the Princeton University campus. During filming, Howard decided that Nash's hallucinations should always be introduced first audibly and then visually. This provides a clue for the audience and establishes the hallucinations from Nash's point of view. The historic John Nash had only auditory hallucinations. The filmmakers developed a technique to represent Nash's mental epiphanies. Mathematicians described to them such moments as a sense of "the smoke clearing", "flashes of light" and "everything coming together", so the filmmakers used a flash of light appearing over an object or person to signify Nash's creativity at work.[11] Two night shots were done at Fairleigh Dickinson University's campus in Florham Park, New Jersey, in the Vanderbilt Mansion ballroom.[12] Portions of the film set at Harvard were filmed at Manhattan College.[13] (Harvard has turned down most requests for on-location filming ever since the filming of Love Story (1970), which caused significant physical damage to trees on campus.)[14]
The narrative of the film differs considerably from the events of Nash's life in many respects, as filmmakers used artistic license to create a compelling film. Most prominently, few of the characters in the film, besides John and Alicia Nash, correspond directly to actual people.[17]A Beautiful Mind has been criticized for neglecting factual events, but the filmmakers said they never intended a literal representation of his life.[18] The PBS documentary A Brilliant Madness tried to portray his life more accurately.[19]
One difficulty was finding a method to visually depict Nash's mental illness.[20] In reality, Nash never had visual hallucinations: Charles Herman (the "roommate"), Marcee Herman and William Parcher (the Defense agent) are a scriptwriter's invention. Sylvia Nasar said that the filmmakers "invented a narrative that, while far from a literal telling, is true to the spirit of Nash's story".[21] Nash spent his years between Princeton and MIT as a consultant for the RAND Corporation in California, but in the film he is portrayed as having worked for the Department of Defense at the Pentagon instead. His handlers, both from faculty and administration, had to introduce him to assistants and strangers.[11]
The discussion of the Nash equilibrium was criticized as over-simplified. In the film, Nash has schizophrenic hallucinations while he is in graduate school, but in his life he did not have this experience until some years later. No mention is made of Nash's alleged homosexual experiences at RAND.[21] Nash's biographer notes he was arrested in a 1954 police sting operation targeting gay men in Santa Monica and subsequently lost his security clearance, but charges were dropped and furthermore there is no evidence Nash was ever sexually active with men.[22] Furthermore, both Nash and his wife denied these encounters occurred.[23] Nash fathered a son, John David Stier (born June 19, 1953), by Eleanor Agnes Stier (1921–2005), a nurse whom he abandoned when she told him of her pregnancy.[24] The film did not include Alicia's divorce of John in 1963. It was not until after Nash won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1994 that they renewed their relationship. Beginning in 1970, Alicia allowed him to live with her as a boarder. They remarried in 2001.[25]
Nash is shown to join Wheeler Laboratory at MIT, but there is no such lab. Instead, he was appointed as C. L. E. Moore instructor at MIT, and later as a professor.[26] The film furthermore does not touch on the revolutionary work of John Nash in differential geometry and partial differential equations, such as the Nash embedding theorem or his proof of Hilbert's nineteenth problem, work which he did in his time at MIT and for which he was given the Abel Prize in 2015. The so-called pen ceremony tradition at Princeton shown in the film is completely fictitious.[11][27] The film has Nash saying in 1994: "I take the newer medications". In fact, he did not take any medication from 1970 onward, something highlighted in Nasar's biography. Howard later stated that they added the line of dialogue because they worried that the film would be criticized for suggesting that all people with schizophrenia can overcome their illness without medication.[11] In addition, Nash never gave an acceptance speech for his Nobel prize.
A Beautiful Mind received a limited release on December 13, 2001, receiving positive reviews, with Crowe receiving wide acclaim for his performance. It was later released in the United States on December 21, 2001.
A Beautiful Mind was released on VHS and DVD, in wide- and full-screen editions, in North America on June 25, 2002.[28] The DVD set includes audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and documentaries.[29] The film was also released on Blu-ray in North America on January 25, 2011.[30]
Reception
Box office
During the five-day weekend of the limited release, A Beautiful Mind opened at the #12 spot at the box office,[31] peaking at the #2 spot following the wide release.[32] The film went on to gross $170,742,341 in the United States and Canada and $313,542,341 worldwide.[2]
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, A Beautiful Mind holds an approval rating of 74% based on 214 reviews and an average score of 7.20/10. The website's critical consensus states: "The well-acted A Beautiful Mind is both a moving love story and a revealing look at mental illness."[33] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100 based on 33 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[35]
Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars.[36] Mike Clark of USA Today gave three-and-a-half out of four stars and also praised Crowe's performance, calling it a welcome follow-up to Howard's previous film, 2000’s How the Grinch Stole Christmas.[37] Desson Thomson of The Washington Post found the film to be "one of those formulaically rendered Important Subject movies".[38] The portrayal of mathematics in the film was praised by the mathematics community, including John Nash himself.[8]
John Sutherland of The Guardian noted the film's biopic distortions, but said:
Howard pulls off an extraordinary trick in A Beautiful Mind by seducing the audience into Nash's paranoid world. We may not leave the cinema with A-level competence in game theory, but we do get a glimpse into what it feels like to be mad - and not know it.[39]
Some writers such as Shailee Koranne argue that the film presents an unrealistic or inappropriate depiction of the disorder schizophrenia, which the protagonist John Nash suffers from, stating that places too much emphasis on “fixing” the disorder.[40]
Writing in the Los Angeles Times, Lisa Navarrette criticized the casting of Jennifer Connelly as Alicia Nash as an example of whitewashing. Alicia Nash was born in El Salvador and had an accent not portrayed in the film.[41]
Paul Bettany, Jennifer Connelly, Russell Crowe, Adam Goldberg, Jason Gray-Stanford, Ed Harris, Judd Hirsch, Josh Lucas, Austin Pendleton, Christopher Plummer, and Anthony Rapp
^Lyndall Bell (May 23, 2013). "Tales from A Beautiful Mind". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. it was potentially going to be a Robert Redford/Tom Cruise film.
^"A Beautiful Mind". Mathematical Association of America. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
^ ab"A Real Number". Slate Magazine. December 21, 2001. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
^Nasar, Sylvia (March 25, 2002). "The sum of a man". The Guardian. Retrieved July 9, 2012. Contrary to widespread references to Nash's "numerous homosexual liaisons", he was not gay. While he had several emotionally intense relationships with other men when he was in his early 20s, I never interviewed anyone who claimed, much less provided evidence, that Nash ever had sex with another man. Nash was arrested in a police trap in a public lavatory in Santa Monica in 1954, at the height of the McCarthy hysteria. The military think-tank where he was a consultant, stripped him of his top-secret security clearance and fired him ... The charge – indecent exposure – was dropped.
^"Nash: Film No Whitewash". CBS News: 60 Minutes. March 14, 2002. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
^Goldstein, Scott (April 10, 2005). "Eleanor Stier, 84". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 8, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
This article is about the type of road. For other uses, see Green Lane (disambiguation). A green lane in Grendon, Northamptonshire A green lane is a type of road in the United Kingdom, usually an unmetalled or unpaved rural route. England and Wales See also: Byway (road) In particular, a green lane is unmetalled, and may be so infrequently used that there is no wearing of the surface, allowing vegetation to colonise freely, hence green. Many green lanes are ancient routes that have existed for m…
قبرص الشمالية جمهورية شمال قبرص التركية قبرص الشماليةعلم قبرص الشمالية قبرص الشماليةالشعار النشيد: نشيد شمال قبرص الوطني الأرض والسكان إحداثيات 35°10′54″N 33°21′48″E / 35.1816°N 33.3634°E / 35.1816; 33.3634 [1] المساحة 3,355 كم² (167) نسبة المياه (%) 1.1 العاصمة وأكبر مدي
Iranian sufi and Persian poet Sheikh Ahmad-e JamiSheik Ahmad Jami statue in Torbat-e JamBorn1048Namaq, Kuhsorkh County, IranDied1141 (aged 93)Torbat-e Jam, Khorasan Province, IranOccupationSufi writerGenreShariahNotable worksSeraj al Sāerin, Konuz al HekmaWebsiteahmad-e-jam.com Tomb of Sheikh Ahmad Jami in Torbat e Jam, Iran. Ahmad Ibn Abolhasan Jāmi-e Nāmaqi-e Torshizi (Persian: احمد ابن ابوالحسن جامی نامقی ترشیزی) (born Namagh (now Kashmar), Persia, 1048 – di…
Luaty BeirãoBackground informationBirth nameTretius KauhangengoAlso known asIkonoklastaBrigadeiro Mata Frakuzk[1]Born19 November 1981Luanda, AngolaGenresHip hopOccupation(s)musician, activistYears active1994–presentMusical artist Luaty Beirão (born 1981), also known by his stage name Ikonoklasta, is an Angolan rapper known for his anti-corruption activism.[2] Life Beirão was born to a Portuguese Angolan family in Luanda and his father, João Beirão, was a well-known member …
قويوجاق تقسيم إداري البلد إيران إحداثيات 37°10′32″N 47°45′15″E / 37.17555556°N 47.75416667°E / 37.17555556; 47.75416667 تعديل مصدري - تعديل قويوجاق هي قرية في مقاطعة ميانة، إيران. عدد سكان هذه القرية هو 248 في سنة 2006.[1] مراجع ^ تعداد سكان جمهورية إيران الإسلامية، 1385 / 2006. جمهورية
Joseph Banks Joseph Banks, dengan gelar sir dan 1st Baronet, anggota Ordo Bath, pernah menjabat presiden Royal Society, (2 Februari 1743 – 19 Juni 1820) adalah ahli sejarah alam, ahli botani, dan pelindung ilmu pengetahuan berkebangsaan Inggris. Dia ambil bagian dalam pelayaran pertama James Cook (1768–1771).[1] Banks dihargai atas karyanya berupa Pengantar ke Dunia Barat tentang eukaliptus, akasia, mimosa, dan genus yang dinamai menurut namanya, Banksia. Kira-kira hamp…
Опис файлу Опис Лого Верона (аеропорт) Джерело [1] Час створення 2018 Автор зображення Ліцензія Ця робота є невільною — тобто, не відповідає визначенню вільних творів культури. Згідно з рішенням фонду «Вікімедіа» від 23 березня 2007 року вона може бути використана у відпов
Japanese anime television series Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte CristoPromotional image for the series, featuring the titular Count (above) and Albert de Morcerf (below)巌窟王(Gankutsuō)GenreScience fiction[1]Created byAlexandre Dumas[a] (original work)Mahiro Maeda (original plan) Anime television seriesDirected byMahiro MaedaProduced byNaomi NishiguchiTaichi HashimotoMinako DoiOsamu AndōWritten byShūichi KōyamaMusic byJean-Jacques BurnelStudioGonz…
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2018) ستان ريدجواي (بالإنجليزية: Stan Ridgway) معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإنجليزية: Stanard Ridgway Funsten III) الميلاد 5 أبريل 1954 (69 سنة) بارستاو، سان بيرناردينو،…
1992 compilation album by Various ArtistsVirus 100Compilation album by Various ArtistsReleasedMay 1, 1992GenrePunk rockAlternative rockNoise rockHardcore punkDeath metalHip hopLength54:43LabelAlternative Tentacles Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic linkPunknews.org link Virus 100 is a compilation album released by Alternative Tentacles. Featuring cover versions of Dead Kennedys songs performed by various artists, the album celebrates the record label's 100th release an…
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Ганущин. Ганущин Олександр Олександрович Народився 16 червня 1978(1978-06-16) (45 років)РахівКраїна УкраїнаДіяльність політикAlma mater ЛНУ імені Івана Франка Олекса́ндр Олекса́ндрович Ганущин (нар. 16 червня 1978(19780616), Рахів) — у…
Argentine artist, sculptor (1869–1927) Fenia ChertkoffBorn(1869-10-07)7 October 1869Odessa, Russian EmpireDied31 May 1927(1927-05-31) (aged 57)Buenos Aires, Argentina Fenia Chertkoff de Repetto (7 October 1869 – 31 May 1927) was a Russian-born Argentine feminist, intellectual, educator, political activist, and sculptor. She was married to Nicolás Repetto, an Argentine physician and leader of the Socialist Party of Argentina. Life Chertkoff was born in Odessa, in the Kherson Governorate…
Dit is een (onvolledige) chronologische lijst van beelden in Vught. Onder een beeld wordt hier verstaan elk driedimensionaal kunstwerk in de openbare ruimte van de Nederlandse gemeente Vught, waarbij beeld wordt gebruikt als verzamelbegrip voor sculpturen, standbeelden, installaties, gedenktekens en overige beeldhouwwerken. Vught Geplaatst Omschrijving Kunstenaar Straat Plaats Materiaal Afbeelding 1903 Sint Joachim Boxtelseweg 58 (klooster) Vught ca. 1905 Heilig Hartbeeld Boxtelseweg 58 (klooste…
Una de las dos sondas de Langmuir del Swedish Institute of Space Physics en Uppsala a bordo de la nave espacial de la ESA Rosetta. La sonda es la parte esférica de 50 mm de diámetro y está hecha de titanio con una capa de nitruro de titanio. Esta sonda de Langmuir en concreto está en una misión para estudiar el plasma espacial alrededor de un cometa. Una sonda de Langmuir es un dispositivo nombrado así por el físico Irving Langmuir, ganador de un premio Nobel y que se usa para determinar …
1999 film by I. V. Sasi Allauddinum Albhutha VilakkumPoster in MalayalamDirected byI. V. SasiWritten byA. Sheriff (Malayalam)Vietnam Veedu Sundaram (Tamil)StarringKamal HaasanRajinikanthJayabharathiSripriyaCinematographyRamachandra BabuEdited byK. NarayananMusic byG. DevarajanProductioncompanySupriya Creations[1]Release dates 14 April 1979 (1979-04-14) (Malayalam) 8 June 1979 (Tamil)Running time142 minutes[2]CountryIndiaLanguagesMalayalamTamil Allauddinum Albhutha …
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Розов; Розов, Валерий. Розов Валерий Константинович Дата рождения 7 июня 1922(1922-06-07) Место рождения село Ёлнать, Юрьевецкий уезд, Иваново-Вознесенская губерния, Советская Россия Дата смерти 30 ноября 2005(2005-11-30) (83 года) …
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Casino Cosmopol – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove t…
