Schumacher mostly eschewed the dark, dystopian atmosphere of Burton's films by drawing inspiration from the Batman comic books of the Dick Sprang era, as well as the 1960s television series. After Keaton chose not to reprise his role, William Baldwin and Ethan Hawke were considered as a replacement, before Val Kilmer joined the cast.
Batman Forever was released on June 16, 1995, to mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visuals, action sequences, soundtrack, and performances of Carrey and Jones, but criticized the screenplay and tonal departure from previous films, while others were divided by Kilmer's performance. The film was a box office success, grossing over $336 million worldwide and becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1995. It was followed by Batman & Robin in 1997, with Schumacher returning as the director, O'Donnell returning as Robin, and George Clooney replacing Kilmer as Batman.
Plot
In Gotham City, Batman defuses a hostage situation orchestrated by the criminal Two-Face, formerly district attorneyHarvey Dent, who escapes. Flashbacks reveal that Batman failed to prevent Dent's disfigurement with acid by mobster Sal Maroni, causing Dent to develop a split personality, make decisions based on the flip of a coin, and swear vengeance against Batman.
Edward Nygma, an eccentric and egotistical researcher at Wayne Enterprises, approaches his employer, Bruce Wayne. Nygma presents an invention that can beam television signals directly into the brain, demanding immediate approval directly from Bruce. Bruce rejects the device, as he is irritated by Nygma and is concerned that the technology could manipulate minds. After killing his abusive supervisor and staging it as a suicide, Nygma resigns and plots revenge against Bruce, sending him riddles. Criminal psychologistChase Meridian diagnoses Nygma as psychotic.
Bruce attends a circus with Chase. Two-Face hijacks the event and threatens to detonate a bomb unless Batman reveals his identity. The youngest member of the Flying Graysons and acrobat Dick Grayson manages to throw the bomb into a river, but Two-Face kills his family in the process. Bruce invites the now-orphaned Dick to live at Wayne Manor as his ward, where he discovers that Bruce is Batman. Seeking to avenge the death of his family, Dick demands to join Batman in crime-fighting, hoping to kill Two-Face, but Bruce declines in order to help Dick move on instead.
Nygma becomes the Riddler and teams up with Two-Face. They commit a series of robberies to finance Nygma's new company and mass-produce his brainwave device dubbed the Box, which steals information from minds and transfers it to Nygma's, increasing his intelligence but also slowly causing him to lose his grip on reality. At a party hosted by Nygma, Batman pursues Two-Face and is almost killed until Dick saves him.
Batman visits Chase, who explains that she has fallen in love with Bruce and reveals his secret identity to her. Having discovered Bruce's secret through the Box, on Halloween night, Two-Face and the Riddler, destroy the Batcave, shoot Bruce and abduct Chase. As Bruce recovers, he and his butler, Alfred Pennyworth, deduce that Nygma is the Riddler. Bruce finally accepts Dick as his best friend and partner, Robin.
At the Riddler's lair, Robin defeats Two-Face but chooses to spare him, allowing Two-Face to capture Robin at gunpoint. The Riddler reveals his final riddle; Chase and Robin, representing the two sides of Batman's personality, are trapped in tubes above a deadly drop, and he only has the time to save one. Batman distracts the Riddler with a riddle himself, before destroying the Riddler's brainwave receiver with a Batarang, damaging the Riddler's mind and enabling Batman to rescue both when he sees the floor is an optical illusion. Two-Face corners them and flips his coin to decide their fate, but Batman throws a handful of identical coins in the air, causing Two-Face to fall to his death.
Committed to Arkham Asylum, Nygma exclaims that he is Batman, having become completely delusional due to his scrambled memories. Bruce resumes his crusade as Batman, with Robin as his partner.
Cast
Val Kilmer as Bruce Wayne / Batman: After coming across the journal of his father, Bruce Wayne starts questioning his act of vengeance. He struggles with his dual identity as a crime fighter, becoming romantically involved with Dr. Chase Meridian. Kilmer replaces Michael Keaton from the first two films.
Tommy Lee Jones as Harvey Dent / Two-Face: The ex-district attorney of Gotham City, half of Harvey's face is scarred and his brain is damaged when a crime boss throws acid at him during a trial. Driven insane, he becomes the criminal Two-Face and desires to kill Batman, whom he blames for failing to save him.
Jim Carrey as Edward Nygma / The Riddler: A ex-Wayne Enterprises employee, Edward resigns after his newest invention is personally rejected by Bruce. He becomes the villainous Riddler, leaving riddles and puzzles at crime scenes.
Nicole Kidman as Dr. Chase Meridian: A psychologist and love interest of Bruce. Chase is fascinated by the dual nature of Batman, while her insight into Batman's nature drives Bruce to question his decision to become Batman. She is held as a damsel in distress in the climax.
Chris O'Donnell as Richard "Dick" Grayson / Robin: Once a circus acrobat, Dick is taken in by Bruce after Two-Face murders his parents and brother at a circus event. Bruce is reminded when his parents were murdered when he sees the same vengeance in Dick, and decides to take him in as his ward. Dick eventually discovers the Batcave and learns Bruce's secret identity. Against Bruce's wishes, Dick becomes his crime fighting partner, Robin.
Michael Gough as Alfred Pennyworth: The Wayne family's faithful butler and Bruce's confidant. Alfred also befriends the young Dick Grayson.
George Wallace as The Mayor: The unnamed mayor of Gotham City and the successor of Roscoe Jenkins.
Drew Barrymore as Sugar: Two-Face's "good" angelic-like assistant. Has short curly blonde hair. She wears a white corset bodysuit with stockings and a fluffy white robe. She shows more of a sweet attitude and tone than a sinister one.
Debi Mazar as Spice: Two-Face's "bad" gothic-like assistant/girlfriend. She is clad in a black leather corset with fishnet stockings on her legs with shiny black latex heels and long black leather gloves and appears as of a dominatrix. She wears most of her brunette hair up with red highlights. She speaks in a seductive malevolent tone. Spice has a twisted sense of humor and vile nature.
Ed Begley Jr. as Fred Stickley: Edward Nygma's ill-tempered supervisor at Wayne Enterprises. After Stickley discovers the true nature of Nygma's invention, Nygma kills him and makes it look like suicide. Begley was uncredited for this role.
Batman Returns was released in 1992 with financial success and generally favorable reviews from critics, but Warner Bros. was disappointed with its box office run, having made $150 million less than the first film. After Batman Returns was deemed too dark and inappropriate for children, with McDonald's even recalling their Happy Meal tie-in, Warner Bros. decided that this was the primary cause of the film's financial results.[8] After the film's release, Warner Bros. was not interested in Tim Burton's return as director.[9] Burton noted he was unsure about returning to direct, writing: "I don't think Warner Bros. wanted me to direct a third Batman. I even said that to them."[10] Burton and Warner Bros. mutually agreed to part ways, though Burton would stay on as producer. John McTiernan turned down an offer to direct.[11] In June 1993, Joel Schumacher was selected by Warner Bros. while he was filming The Client, and with Burton's approval.[12][13]
Husband-and-wife screenwriting duo Lee and Janet Scott-Batchler were hired to write the script. Warner Bros. had lost a bidding war for their spec script for an earlier project titled Smoke and Mirrors to Walt Disney's Hollywood Pictures. The project ultimately fell through,[14][15] and Warner Bros. offered the Batchlers several of their film properties to write. Being familiar with the Batman comics from their childhood, the Batchlers chose to work on the next Batman film as their next project.[16] In a meeting with Burton, they agreed that "the key element to Batman is his duality. And it's not just that Batman is Bruce Wayne."[17]
"I always hated those titles like Batman Forever. That sounds like a tattoo that somebody would get when they're on drugs or something. Or something some kid would write in the yearbook."
Their original script introduced a psychotic Riddler, real name Lyle Heckendorf, with a pet rat accompanying him. A scene cut from the final film included Heckendorf obtaining his costume from a fortune-telling leprechaun at the circus. Instead of NygmaTech, the company would have been named HeckTech.[19] The story elements and much of the dialogue still remained in the finished film, though Schumacher felt it could be "lighte[ne]d down". Keaton initially approved the selection of Schumacher as director and planned on reprising his role as Batman from the first two films.[20] Schumacher claims he originally had in mind an adaptation of Frank Miller's Batman: Year One and Keaton claimed that he was enthusiastic about the idea.[20][21] Warner Bros. rejected the idea as they wanted a sequel, not a prequel, though Schumacher was able to include very brief events in Bruce Wayne's childhood with some events of the comic The Dark Knight Returns. Akiva Goldsman, who worked with Schumacher on The Client, was brought in to rewrite the script, deleting the initial idea of bringing in the Scarecrow as a villain with Riddler, and the return of Catwoman. Burton, who now was more interested in directing Ed Wood, later reflected he was taken aback by some of the focus group meetings for Batman Forever, a title he hated. Producer Peter MacGregor-Scott represented the studio's aim in making a film for the MTV Generation, with full merchandising appeal.[21]
Casting
Production went on fast track with Rene Russo cast as Chase Meridian, but Keaton decided not to reprise Batman because he did not like the direction the series was headed in, and rejected the script.[22] Keaton also wanted to pursue "more interesting roles",[23] turning down $15 million.[24] A decision was made to go with a younger actor for Bruce Wayne, and an offer was made to Ethan Hawke, who turned it down, but eventually regretted the decision; he would eventually voice the character in the preschool animated series Batwheels in 2022.[25] Schumacher had seen Val Kilmer in Tombstone, but was also interested in Keanu Reeves (who would later voice Bruce Wayne / Batman in DC League of Super-Pets in 2022), Alec and William Baldwin, Dean Cain, Tom Hanks, Kurt Russell, Ralph Fiennes (who would later voice Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie in 2017), Daniel Day-Lewis and Johnny Depp.[26] Cain was scrapped as he was well known for starring in the TV series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. Burton pushed for Depp to get the role.[27] Kilmer, who as a child visited the studios where the 1960s series was recorded, and shortly before had visited a bat cave in Africa, was contacted by his agent for the role. Kilmer signed on without reading the script or knowing who the director was.[28][29]
Principal photography began on September 24, 1994, and wrapped on March 5, 1995.[13][9] Schumacher hired Barbara Ling for production design, claiming that the film needed a "force" and good design. Ling could "advance on it". Schumacher wanted a design in no way connected to the previous films, and instead inspired by the images from the Batman comic books seen in the 1940s/early 1950s and New York City architecture in the 1930s, with a combination of modern Tokyo. He also wanted a "city with personality," with more statues, as well as various amounts of neon.
Difficulties and clashes
Schumacher and Kilmer clashed during the making of the film; Schumacher described Kilmer as "childish and impossible," reporting that he fought with various crewmen, and refused to speak to Schumacher for two weeks after the director told him to stop being rude.[50] Schumacher also mentioned Tommy Lee Jones as a source of trouble: "Jim Carrey was a gentleman, and Tommy Lee was threatened by him. I'm tired of defending overpaid, overprivileged actors. I pray I don't work with them again."[51] In a 2014 interview, Carrey acknowledged that Jones was not friendly to him, and recounted an incident wherein Jones found him off-set during the production, and told him: "I hate you. I really don't like you ... I cannot sanction your buffoonery."[52]
Design and visual effects
Rick Baker designed the prosthetic makeup. John Dykstra, Andrew Adamson and Jim Rygiel served as visual effects supervisors, with Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H) and Pacific Data Images also contributing to visual effects work. R&H and PDI provided a CGI Batman for complicated stunts.[53] For the costume design, producer Peter MacGregor-Scott claimed that 146 workers were at one point working together. Batman's costume was redesigned along the lines of a more "MTV organic, and edgier feel" to the suit.[54] Sound design and mixing was created and supervised by Bruce Stambler and John Levesque, which included trips to caves to record bat sounds.[55] A new Batmobile was designed for Batman Forever, with two cars being constructed, one for stunt purposes and one for close-ups.[56] Chris O'Donnell had the area around his eyes painted black and then the Robin mask glued on him.[57] Swiss surrealist painter H. R. Giger provided his version for the Batmobile but it was considered too sinister for the film.[58] Nygma's brainwave device and lair resemble rejected concept artwork of Columbus Lighthouse by Russian avant-garde architect Konstantin Melnikov from 1929.[59][60][better source needed]
Elliot Goldenthal was hired by Schumacher to compose the film score before the screenplay was written. In discussions with Schumacher, the director wanted Goldenthal to avoid taking inspiration from Danny Elfman, and requested an original composition.[62] The film's promotional teaser trailer however used the main title theme from Elfman's score of 1989's Batman.[63]
The soundtrack was commercially successful, selling almost as many copies as Prince's soundtrack to the 1989 Batman film. Only five of the songs on the soundtrack are actually featured in the movie. Hit singles from the soundtrack include "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me" by U2 and "Kiss from a Rose" by Seal, both of which were nominated for MTV Movie Awards. "Kiss from a Rose" (whose music video was also directed by Joel Schumacher) reached No. 1 in the U.S. charts as well. The soundtrack itself, featuring additional songs by The Flaming Lips, Brandy (both songs also included in the film), Method Man, Nick Cave, Michael Hutchence (of INXS), PJ Harvey and Massive Attack, was an attempt to (in producer Peter MacGregor-Scott's words) make the film more "pop".
Six Flags Great Adventure theme park re-themed their "Axis Chemical" arena, home of the Batman stunt show, to resemble Batman Forever, and the new show featured props from the film. Six Flags Over Texas featured a one-time fireworks show to promote the movie, and replica busts of Batman, Robin, Two-Face, and the Riddler could be found in the Justice League store in the Looney Tunes U.S.A. section until they were removed in 2023. Batman: The Ride opened at Six Flags St. Louis to promote the movie. At Six Flags Over Georgia, The Mind Bender roller coaster was redesigned to look as though it were the creation of The Riddler and some images and props were used in the design of the roller coaster and its queue.
Batman Forever was released on VHS and LaserDisc on October 31, 1995.[67] Over 3 million VHS copies were sold during the first week of release.[68] The film was then released on DVD on May 20, 1997. This release was a double sided disc containing both widescreen (1.85:1) and full screen (1.33:1) versions of the film. Batman Forever made its Blu-ray debut on April 20, 2010.[69] This was followed by an Ultra HD Blu-ray release on June 4, 2019.[70]
Deleted scenes
Batman Forever went through a few major edits before its release. Originally darker than the final product, the film's original length was closer to two hours and forty minutes, according to Schumacher. There was talk of an extended cut being released to DVD for the film's tenth anniversary in 2005. While all four previous Batman films were given special-edition DVD releases on the same day as the Batman Begins DVD release, none of them were given extended cuts, although some scenes were in a deleted scenes section in the special features.[71][72][73]
Reception
Box office
Batman Forever opened in a record 2,842 theaters and 4,300 screens in the United States and Canada on June 16, 1995, grossing $52.8 million in its opening weekend,[74][4][75] taking Jurassic Park's record for having the highest opening-weekend gross of all time (it was surpassed two years later by The Lost World: Jurassic Park's $72.1 million).[76] For six years, it had the largest opening weekend for a Warner Bros. film until 2001, when it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.[77] The film also achieved the highest June opening weekend, holding that record until it was beaten by Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me in 1999,[78] which would then be overtaken by Hulk in 2003.[79] It was the first film to gross $20 million in one day, on its opening day on Friday.[80] The film also beat out Congo to reach the number one spot.[76] It grossed $77.4 million in its first week, which was below the record $81.7 million set by Jurassic Park.[75]
Additionally, the film held the record for having the highest opening weekend for a superhero film until it was taken by X-Men in 2000.[81][82] That year, How the Grinch Stole Christmas broke Batman Forever's record for scoring the biggest opening weekend for any film starring Jim Carrey.[83] While the film was overtaken by Pocahontas during its second weekend, it still made $29.2 million.[84] It then became the first film of 1995 to reach $100 million domestically.[85] The film started its international roll out in Japan on June 17, 1995, and grossed $2.2 million in 5 days from 167 screens, which was only 80% of the gross of its predecessor Batman Returns.[86]
The film went on to gross $184 million in the United States and Canada, and $152.5 million in other countries, totaling $336.53 million. The film grossed more than Batman Returns,[87] and is the second-highest-grossing film from 1995 in the United States, behind Toy Story, as well as the sixth-highest-grossing film of that year worldwide.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Batman Forever has an approval rating of 40% based on 70 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Loud, excessively busy, and often boring, Batman Forever nonetheless has the charisma of Jim Carrey and Tommy Lee Jones to offer mild relief."[88] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[89] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[90]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote: "Batman Forever still gets in its licks. There's no fun machine this summer that packs more surprises." Travers criticized the film's excessive commercialism and felt that "the script misses the pain Tim Burton caught in a man tormented by the long-ago murder of his parents", but praised Kilmer's performance as having a "deftly understated [...] comic edge".[91]James Berardinelli of ReelViews enjoyed the film, writing: "It's lighter, brighter, funnier, faster-paced, and a whole lot more colorful than before."[92]
On the television program Siskel & Ebert, Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times both gave the film mixed reviews, but with the former giving it a thumbs up and the latter a thumbs down.[93] In his written review, Ebert wrote: "Is the movie better entertainment? Well, it's great bubblegum for the eyes. Younger children will be able to process it more easily; some kids were led bawling from Batman Returns where the PG-13 rating was a joke."[94]
Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle had a mixed reaction, concluding: "a shot of Kilmer's rubber buns at one point is guaranteed to bring squeals from the audience."[95] Brian Lowry of Variety believed: "One does have to question the logic behind adding nipples to the hard-rubber batsuit. Whose idea was that supposed to be anyway, Alfred's? Some of the computer-generatedGotham cityscapes appear too obviously fake. Elliot Goldenthal's score, while serviceable, also isn't as stirring as Danny Elfman's work in the first two films."[96]
Some observers thought Schumacher, a gay man, added possible homoeroticinnuendo in the storyline.[97] Regarding the costume design, Schumacher stated: "I had no idea that putting nipples on the Batsuit and Robin suit were going to spark international headlines. The bodies of the suits come from Ancient Greek statues, which display perfect bodies. They are anatomically correct."[97] O'Donnell felt: "it wasn't so much the nipples that bothered me. It was the codpiece. The press obviously played it up and made it a big deal, especially with Joel directing. I didn't think twice about the controversy, but going back and looking and seeing some of the pictures, it was very unusual."[97]
Batman Forever received six nominations at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards, four of which were divided between two categories (Carrey and Lee Jones for Best Villain; and Seal's "Kiss from a Rose" and U2's "Hold Me" in Best Song from a Movie). However, it won in just one category: Best Song from a Movie for Seal's "Kiss from a Rose".
Legacy
Potential director's cut
Cuts were made to the film based on audience reactions during test screenings, like the rest of the Batman films. Photographs from these scenes have always been available since the film's release, shown in magazines such as Starlog. Some excerpts from these scenes appear in the music video for Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me.[100] In 2005, Batman Forever was the only film in the franchise to include a dedicated deleted scenes selection among its bonus content on the special edition DVD.[72]
After Joel Schumacher died on June 22, 2020, media outlets started reporting the possible existence of an extended cut, with the first rumors being thrown in by American journalistMarc Bernardin. Bernardin claimed it to be darker and contain less camp than the theatrical cut. Some of the differences include Bruce having a vision of a human-sized bat, less of an emphasis on Dick Grayson, and a focus on Bruce's psychological issues with Chase. The cut uses about 50 minutes of additional footage. Warner Bros. confirmed that alternative test screening cuts existed after an interview with Variety, although they have no plans to release it and are unsure about what, if any, footage remains. Later that year on August 7, Kilmer's appearance at DC FanDome fueled fan speculation about the release of a so-called "Schumacher Cut".[101]Batman Forever screenwriter Akiva Goldsman revealed in a YouTube interview in April 2021 that he had recently seen the original cut of the film (dubbed "Preview Cut: One") and that he expects a rebirth coming up, suggesting all the footage needed to make the Schumacher cut still exists and that the release of a director's cut might be possible.[102]
In July 2023, following a private screening of a workprint version by director Kevin Smith, Goldsman confirmed that the original cut does exist and even though Warner Bros. currently has no plans to release it, he said he was hopeful for a possible distribution in the future.[103] Some of the aforementioned deleted scenes make up a portion of this footage.[104][105]
In July 2024 Goldsman reaffirmed the existence of the director's cut, while also declaring that work to restore it has been put on stall following Warner Bros. recent internal turmoils.[106]
An alternate six-issue comic book continuation of Batman Returns titled Batman '89, which ignores the events of Batman Forever and Batman & Robin and brings back Keaton's Batman along with Burton's dark setting seen in his first two Batman films, along with elements of his failed third Batman film (particularly, the return of Billy Dee Williams' Harvey Dent and transformation into Two-Face, the introductions of new versions of Robin and Barbara Gordon, and the return of Catwoman), was launched on August 10, 2021, with its issues releasing monthly before ending in January 2022.[107][importance?]
In response to a question as to whether Schumacher's Batman films are canon to the world of Batman '89, the first two films' screenwriter Sam Hamm, who also serves as the comics' writer, confirmed that the latter two films take place in a diverging timeline and they are not building toward that fate.[108]
Notes
^Bill Finger was not credited for his role in the creation of Batman until 2015.[5]
^McTiernan, John (November 20, 2022). "À la poursuite de John McTiernan". Story Classique (in French). 15 minutes in. Groupe Canal+. Retrieved June 26, 2024. [INTERVIEWER:] I think you said no to Mission: Impossible, to Batman Forever, to Speed, to Terminator 3... [MCTIERNAN:] Yeah, all of those. And loads of others.
^Fleming, Michael (June 17, 1993). "Dish: Schumacher Shoo-In". Variety. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
^ abcShadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight-Reinventing a Hero (DVD). Warner Bros. 2005.
^ abGordinier, Jeff (July 15, 1994). "Next at Batman". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
^Pearlman, Cindy (July 22, 1994). "The Good Son". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
^Pearlman, Cindy (December 17, 1993). "Flashes: No Joker". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
^Ascher-Walsh, Rebecca (May 31, 1995). "Psycho Kilmer". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
^Svetkey, Benjamin (July 12, 1996). "Holy Happy Set!". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
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Shch-421 was of X series. History Soviet Union NameShch-421 Laid down20 November 1934 Launched12 May 1935 Commissioned5 December 1937 FateScuttled on sea on 9 April 1942 General characteristics Class and typeShchuka-class submarine, Type X[1] Displacement 577 tons surfaced 704 tons submerged Length57.00 m (187 ft 0 in) Beam6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) Draught3.78 m (12 ft 5 in) Propulsion2 shaft diesel electric, 1,020 kW (1,370 bhp) diesel...
Yun Hyeong송윤형Informasi latar belakangNama lahirSong Yun HyeongNama lainYun HyeongLahir8 Februari 1995 (umur 28)Korea SelatanGenreHip hop, K-popPekerjaanPenyanyi, modelTahun aktif2015 (2015)–kiniLabelYG EntertainmentArtis terkaitiKON YunhyeongHangul송윤형 Song Yun Hyeong (Hangul: 송윤형; lahir pada 8 Februari 1995) adalah penyanyi asal Korea Selatan dan anggota dari grup hip hop asuhan YG Entertainment, iKON, yang dulu dikenal sebagai Tim B di program Mnet Who is Next: ...
Computing webzine with an emphasis on Unix-like operating systems LWNA screenshot of LWN.netType of siteOnline newspaperAvailable inEnglishCreated byJonathan Corbet and Elizabeth CoolbaughRevenueSubscription, AdvertisementURLlwn.netRegistrationOptionalUsersOver 100,000[when?]LaunchedJanuary 29, 1998; 25 years ago (1998-01-29)[1]Current statusOnlineWritten inPython[2] LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software ...
Italian actor Vinicio SofiaBorn(1907-11-13)13 November 1907Corleone, Metropolitan City of Palermo, Kingdom of ItalyDied30 December 1982(1982-12-30) (aged 75)Rome, ItalyOccupations Actor voice actor Years active1933–1973 Vinicio Sofia (13 November 1907 – 30 December 1982) was an Italian actor and voice actor.[1] Biography Born in Corleone, province of Cosenza, Sofia began his career on screen in 1933 when he made his film debut in Black Shirt directed by Giovacchino F...
Filipino painter (1895–1985) Victorio EdadesBornVictorio Candido Edades(1895-12-23)December 23, 1895Dagupan, Pangasinan, Captaincy General of the PhilippinesDiedMarch 7, 1985(1985-03-07) (aged 89)Davao City, PhilippinesNationality PhilippinesEducationUniversity of Washington Fondation Des Ecoles D'Art Americaines De FontainebleauKnown forPaintingNotable workThe Sketch, The Builders, Interaction, Fontainebleau, August 1937, The Model and The ArtistMovementModernismAwards Order...
1909 French filmThe Diabolic TenantA frame from the filmDirected byGeorges MélièsStarringGeorges MélièsProductioncompanyStar Film CompanyRelease date 1909 (1909) CountryFranceLanguageSilent The Diabolic Tenant (French: Le Locataire diabolique),[1] originally released in English-speaking countries as The Fiendish Tenant, is a 1909 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. It was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 1495–1501 in its catalogues...
Romanian artistic gymnast The native form of this personal name is Szabó Katalin. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. Ecaterina Szabo TamasSzabo in 1985Personal informationCountry represented RomaniaBorn (1968-01-22) 22 January 1968 (age 55)Zagon, Romania[1]DisciplineWomen's artistic gymnasticsYears on national team1983–87 (ROM)ClubLiceul Sportiv Deva[1]Head coach(es)Adrian GoreacAssistant coach(es)Adrian Stan, Mari...
