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氧4

氧4
识别
CAS号 12596-83-7  checkY
性质
化学式 O4
摩尔质量 64 g·mol−1
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氧4分子(O4),也被称作四聚氧。1924年,吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯首先预测了它的存在,以解释液氧不符合居里定律顺磁性物质的磁化率热力学温度成反比)的原因。[1]现在看来路易斯的预测并不准确,但不是完全错误:计算机模拟表明,虽然液氧中没有稳定的O4分子,O2分子确实倾向于形成反平行自旋的双聚体O4[2]1999年,科学家认为固态氧的ε相(压强大于10GPa下存在)中氧的存在形式为O4[3]然而2006年时,X射线晶体学表明这种被称作ε氧红氧的稳定实际上是O
8
[4] 然而,氧4作为一种存在时间很短的化学物质已经能用质谱法检测到。[5]

自由分子

理论计算表明可能以亚稳态存在的O4分子有两种不同的结构:一种是变形的正方形(类似于环丁烷的稳定构象),[6]另一种的形状像风车,三个氧原子排列在中心氧原子周围,形成平面正三角形的构型(类似于三氟化硼)。[7][8]过去科学家指出风车形的O4分子可以看作一系列常见离子和分子的等电子体:BO33-CO32-NO3-[9]甚至包括类似的SO3分子。这些看法是上述理论计算的基础。

理论上亚稳态O4的结构
D2d结构
D3h结构

2001年,意大利罗马大学的一支团队进行了中和-再电离质谱实验,以研究自由O4分子的结构。[5]他们的实验结构与上述推测的分子结构不符,但他们也认为两个O2分子之间形成配合物,其中一个氧分子处于基态而另一个处于特定的激发态

参考资料

  1. ^ Lewis, Gilbert N. The Magnetism of Oxygen and the Molecule O2. Journal of the American Chemical Society. September 1924, 46 (9): 2027–2032. doi:10.1021/ja01674a008. 
  2. ^ Oda, Tatsuki; Alfredo Pasquarello. Noncollinear magnetism in liquid oxygen: A first-principles molecular dynamics study (abstract). Physical Review B. October 2004, 70 (134402): 1–19. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.134402. 
  3. ^ Gorelli, Federico A.; Lorenzo Ulivi, Mario Santoro, and Roberto Bini. The ε Phase of Solid Oxygen: Evidence of an O4 Molecule Lattice (abstract). Physical Review Letters. November 1999, 83 (20): 4093–4096 [2011-06-25]. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4093G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4093. (原始内容存档于2008-11-22). 
  4. ^ Lars F. Lundegaard, Gunnar Weck, Malcolm I. McMahon, Serge Desgreniers and Paul Loubeyre. Observation of an O8 molecular lattice in the phase of solid oxygen. Nature. 2006-09-14, 443 (7108): 201–204 [2008-01-10]. PMID 16971946. doi:10.1038/nature05174. (原始内容存档于2017-06-27). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Cacace, Fulvio; Giulia de Petris, and Anna Troiani. Experimental Detection of Tetraoxygen. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. October 2001, 40 (21): 4062–4065. PMID 12404493. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20011105)40:21<4062::AID-ANIE4062>3.0.CO;2-X. 
  6. ^ Hernández-Lamoneda, R.; A. Ramírez-Solís. Reactivity and electronic states of O4 along minimum energy paths. Journal of Chemical Physics. September 2000, 113 (10): 4139–4145. doi:10.1063/1.1288370. 
  7. ^ Røeggen, I.; E. Wisløff Nilssen. Prediction of a metastable D3h form of tetra oxygen. Chemical Physics Letters. May 1989, 157 (5): 409–414. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(89)87272-0. 
  8. ^ Hotokka,M.; P.Pyykkö (May 1989). "Ab initio study of bonding trends in the series BO33-, CO32-, NO3- and O4(D3h)". Chemical Physics Letters 157(5):415-418.
  9. ^ Jubert,A.H.; E.L.Varetti (1986). "On the possible existence of the O4 molecule with D3h symmetry". Anales de Química (Spain)82:227-230.

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