塞尔玛·凯瑟琳·瑞安于1912年3月16日出生在内华达州伊利的一个采矿业小镇,这天正好是圣帕特里克节前一天[1]。她的父亲老威廉·M·瑞安(William M. Ryan Sr.)曾做过水手、淘金矿工和农夫,有爱尔兰血统;母亲凯瑟琳·哈尔伯施塔特是德国移民[1]。“帕特”(Pat)是父亲给女儿起的昵称,指的是她的生辰和爱尔兰血统[1]。1931年报读大学时,她用帕特代替了原本的名字塞尔玛,有时会称这是帕特里夏(Patricia)的简称。不过这样的改名并没有法律效力,只是一种个人偏好[2][3]。
在惠提尔生活期间,帕特·瑞安在出演社区舞台剧《黑暗之塔》(The Dark Tower)时结识了同样有参加演出,刚从杜克大学法学院毕业的年轻律师理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松[6]。后者在两人第一次约会当晚就向帕特求婚,回忆起这件事她说:“我以为他是个疯子什么的!”[15]理查德称红发的帕特是自己的“野性爱尔兰吉普赛人”,他追求了她两年[16],甚至会开车接送她与其他男人的约会。两人最终于1940年6月21日在里弗赛德的传道院旅馆(Mission Inn)成婚。她表示,自己受年轻的尼克松吸引是因为他“有活力和事业心……他总是有事情可以做”[8]。而之后提及尼克松时她说:“噢!你真不知道他这人有多有趣!他真太有意思了!”[17]:234第二次世界大战期间,理查德进入美国海军服役,帕特则在旧金山从事一份政府经济学家的工作[1]。
她还让白宫在夜间向游客开放,以便公众能够看到已经实施的室内设计工作。而这其中于12月前来参观的游客还可以看到白宫的圣诞节装饰。此外,她还安排艺术家在白宫举行一系列展现多样化美式传统的表演,这其中既有歌剧也有蓝草音乐,1972年还有卡彭特乐队出席。不过这些活动获得的评价不佳[8]。1969年进入白宫后,尼克松一家就开始邀请其他家庭到白宫东厅参加非宗教性质的周日教堂服务[18]:188。她还于1971年监督主办了女儿特丽西娅和爱德华·F·考克斯(Edward F. Cox)的婚礼[31]。
虽然在大部分人看来,帕特都是一位娴静的公众人物,一位传统的妻子和主妇,但她并不像其批评者所声称的那样谦让和胆小。一位新闻摄影师曾要求她身着围裙摆出另一个姿势拍照,而她坚定地回答道:“我觉得这种厨房照实在是拍得够了,你呢?”[44]包括专栏作家兼白宫记者罗伯特·E·汤普森(Robert E Thompson)在内的一些新闻工作者认为,帕特是1970年代的一个理想平衡,汤普森写道,她证明“女人可以在世界事务中发挥重要作用”的同时,仍然保留“女性化的姿态”[18]:201。还有一些新闻工作者认为帕特代表着《女性的奥秘》的失败,称她已经超前于所在的时代[28]:110。而反对越战的人则将她与尼克松政府的政策联系起来,并因此会偶爾对她的演讲活动进行纠察。不过在她与一些人交谈后,一位学生向记者表示“她想要倾听。我觉得这个女人的确在乎我们所做的事情,(这让)我感到惊讶”[18]:182。哥伦比亚广播公司老牌记者迈克·华莱士对自己一直没能对帕特·尼克松进行一场主要采访而感到遗憾[45]。
^ 8.08.18.28.38.48.58.68.78.8Viorst, Judith. Pat Nixon Is the Ultimate Good Sport. The New York Times. 1970-09-13: SM13.
^ 9.09.1The Silent Partner. Time. 1960-02-29 [2013-12-12]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-12). stood out from the empty-headed, overdressed little sorority girls of that era like a good piece of literature on a shelf of cheap paperbacks.
^Pat Nixon: Steel and Sorrow. Time. 2008-08-19 [2013-12-12]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-12). The only thing I could do was help him, but [politics] was not a life I would have chosen.
^The American Presidency. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
^In 1968, however, a fashion writer of The New York Times noted that Pat Nixon had purchased a coat made of blonde mink and one of brown-and-black Persian lamb by the furrier Sidney Fink of Blum & Fink. Curtis, Charlotte. Fashion Spotlight Turns to New First Family. The New York Times. 1968-12-21.
^Bender, Marylin. Pat Nixon: A Diplomat in High Heels. The New York Times. 1960-07-28: 31.
^ 28.028.128.228.328.4Burns, Lisa M. First Ladies and the Fourth Estate: Press Framing of Presidential Wives. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. 2008. ISBN 0-87580-391-1.
^Reif, Rita. A Decorator for Nixons Gives Julie A Bit of Help. The New York Times. 1968-11-30.
Indian film producer (1936–2005) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ismail Merchant – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ismail MerchantBornIsmail Noor Muhammad Abdul Rahman(1936-12-25)25 December 1936Bombay, IndiaDied25 Ma…
Blick auf die Altstadt I vom Flugzeug Die Liste der Kulturdenkmale in der Altstadt I umfasst die Kulturdenkmale der Dresdner Gemarkung Altstadt I. Grundlage bildet das vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen verfasste Denkmalverzeichnis. Diese Liste ist eine Teilliste der Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Dresden. Diese Liste ist eine Teilliste der Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Sachsen. Aufgrund der hohen Anzahl der Kulturdenkmale sind die Kulturdenkmale der Gemarkung auf die einzelnen Stadtteile aufge…
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