保罗·米尔格龙
中国大陸 保罗·米尔格罗姆[ 1] 臺灣 保羅·米爾格龍
保羅·羅伯特·米爾格龍 （英語：Paul Robert Milgrom ，1948年4月20日— ），美国 经济学家，2020年諾貝爾經濟學獎 得主。他是斯坦福大学 雪莱和伦纳德·伊利人文和科学院教授，1987年起就一直担任此职。米尔格罗姆是博弈论 专家，尤其擅长拍卖理论和定价策略。他还与南希·斯託基
1948年生于底特律 ，1970年毕业于密歇根大学 学士学位，1979年获得斯坦福大学 博士学位。
Milgrom, Paul. The Structure of Information in Competitive Bidding. New York: Garland Press. 1979a. Milgrom, Paul. A Convergence Theorem for Competitive Bidding with Differential Information. Econometrica. 1979b, 47 (3): 679–88. JSTOR 1910414 doi:10.2307/1910414 Milgrom, Paul. An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge (PDF) . Econometrica. 1981a, 49 (1): 219–222 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1911137 doi:10.2307/1911137 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-07-13）. Milgrom, Paul. Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding. Econometrica. 1981b, 49 (4): 921–943. JSTOR 1912511 doi:10.2307/1912511 Milgrom, Paul. Good News and Bad News: Representation Theorems and Applications. Bell Journal of Economics. 1981c, 12 (2): 380–91. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.6331 JSTOR 3003562 doi:10.2307/3003562 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Limit Pricing and Entry Under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis (PDF) . Econometrica. 1982, 50 (2): 443–59 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1912637 doi:10.2307/1912637 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-10-17）. Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John Roberts. Predation, Reputation, and Entry Deterrence (PDF) . Journal of Economic Theory. 1982, 27 (2): 280–312 [2021-06-05 ] . ISSN 0022-0531 doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90031-X 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-07-13）. Milgrom, Paul; Stokey, Nancy. Information, Trade and Common Knowledge (PDF) . Journal of Economic Theory. 1982, 26 (1): 17–27 [2021-06-05 ] . doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90046-1 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2021-01-03）. Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert. The Value of Information in a Sealed Bid Auction (PDF) . Journal of Mathematical Economics. 1982a, 10 (1): 105–14 [2021-06-05 ] . ISSN 0304-4068 doi:10.1016/0304-4068(82)90008-8 hdl:10419/220822 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-07-13）. Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert. A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding. Econometrica. 1982b, 50 (5): 1089–1122. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.186.4633 JSTOR 1911865 doi:10.2307/1911865 Kreps, David; Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John; Wilson, Robert. Rational Cooperation in the Finitely‑Repeated Prisoners' Dilemma (PDF) . Journal of Economic Theory. 1982, 27 (2): 245‑252 [2021-06-05 ] . doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90029-1 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-10-13）. Engelbrecht-Wiggans, R.; Milgrom, Paul R.; Weber, Robert J. Competitive bidding and proprietary information (PDF) . Journal of Mathematical Economics. 1983, 11 (2): 161–169 [2021-06-05 ] . doi:10.1016/0304-4068(83)90034-4 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-10-18）. Milgrom, Paul. Axelrod's "The Evolution of Cooperation" . The RAND Journal of Economics. 1984, 15 (2): 305–309. JSTOR 2555683 doi:10.2307/2555683 Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert. Distributional Strategies for Games with Incomplete Information (PDF) . Mathematics of Operations Research. 1985, 10 (4): 619–32 [2021-06-05 ] . doi:10.1287/moor.10.4.619 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-10-18）. Glosten, Larry; Milgrom, Paul. Bid, Ask and Transactions Prices in a Specialist Market with Insider Trading. Journal of Financial Economics. 1985, 14 (1): 71‑100. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.460.947 ISSN 0304-405X doi:10.1016/0304-405X(85)90044-3 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Price and Advertising Signals of Product Quality (PDF) . Journal of Political Economy. 1986a, 94 (4): 796–821 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1833203 S2CID 154506015 doi:10.1086/261408 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-08-06）. Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Relying on the Information of Interested Parties (PDF) . The RAND Journal of Economics. 1986b, 17 (1): 18–32 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 2555625 doi:10.2307/2555625 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-08-06）. Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul. Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives (PDF) . Econometrica. 1987, 55 (2): 303–328 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1913238 doi:10.2307/1913238 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-10-31）. Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Informational Asymmetries, Strategic Behavior, and Industrial Organization . The American Economic Review. 1987, 77 (2): 184–193. JSTOR 1805448 Milgrom, Paul; Oster, Sharon. Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis (PDF) . Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1987, 102 (3): 453–476 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1884213 doi:10.2307/1884213 原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2020-08-06）. Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. An Economic Approach to Influence Activities and Organizational Responses. American Journal of Sociology. 1988, 94 : S154–S179. JSTOR 2780245 S2CID 154341784 doi:10.1086/228945 Milgrom, Paul. Employment Contracts, Influence Activities, and Efficient Organization Design . Journal of Political Economy. 1988, 96 (1): 42–60 [2021-06-05 ] . JSTOR 1830709 S2CID 154458173 doi:10.1086/261523 原始内容 存档于2021-06-05）. Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts. Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production . Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 1988, 90 (3): 275–289. JSTOR 3440309 doi:10.2307/3440309 Milgrom, Paul. Auctions and Bidding: A Primer . The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1989, 3 (3): 3–22. JSTOR 1942756 doi:10.1257/jep.3.3.3 Fudenberg, Drew; Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom. Short-term contracts and long-term agency relationships. Journal of Economic Theory. 1990, 51 (1): 154–159. JSTOR 2006561 doi:10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O hdl:1721.1/64269 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. The Efficiency of Equity in Organizational Decision Processes. The American Economic Review. 1990a, 80 (2): 1–31. ISSN 0022-0531 JSTOR 2006561 doi:10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O hdl:1721.1/64269 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy and Organization. American Economic Review. 1990b, 80 (3): 511–28. JSTOR 2006681 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Rationalizability, Learning and Equilibrium in Games With Strategic Complementarities. Econometrica. 1990c, 58 (6): 1255–1278. JSTOR 2938316 doi:10.2307/2938316 Milgrom, Paul; North, Douglass C.; Weingast, Barry R. The role of institutions in the revival of trade: the law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs . Economics and Politics. 1990, 2 (1): 1–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.669.1678 doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul. Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization. 1991, 7 : 303–328. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.715.3715 JSTOR 764957 doi:10.1093/jleo/7.special_issue.24 Abreu, D.; Milgrom, Paul; Pearce, David. Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships . Econometrica. 1991, 59 (6): 1713–1733. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.295.1370 JSTOR 2938286 doi:10.2307/2938286 Milgrom, Paul; Qian, Yingi; Roberts, John. Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing . The American Economic Review. 1991, 81 (2): 84–88. JSTOR 2006831 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Adaptive and sophisticated learning in normal form games. Games and Economic Behavior. 1991, 82 (100): 82–100. ISSN 0899-8256 doi:10.1016/0899-8256(91)90006-Z Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Economics, Organization and Management ISBN 978-0132246507 Bresnahan, Timothy F.; Milgrom, Paul; Paul, Jonathan. The Real Output of the Stock Exchange. Output Measurement in the Services Sectors. 1992: 195–216. Meyer, Margaret ; Paul Milgrom; Roberts, John. Organizational Prospects, Influence Costs, and Ownership Changes. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. 1992, 1 (1): 9–35. doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00009.x Milgrom, Paul. Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions? . Journal of Political Economy. 1994, 102 (3): 607–615. JSTOR 2138625 S2CID 153568621 doi:10.1086/261948 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Comparing Equilibria . The American Economic Review. 1994, 84 (3): 441–459. JSTOR 2118061 Milgrom, Paul; Shannon, Chris. Monotone Comparative Statics . Econometrica. 1994, 62 (1): 157–180. JSTOR 2951479 doi:10.2307/2951479 Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul. The Firm as an Incentive System . The American Economic Review. 1994, 84 (4): 972–991. JSTOR 2118041 Greif, Avner; Milgrom, Paul; Weingast, Barry R. Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild . Journal of Political Economy. 1994, 102 (4): 745–776. JSTOR 2138763 S2CID 154501745 doi:10.1086/261953 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Complementarities and Fit: Strategy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 1994, 19 (2–3): 179–208. ISSN 0165-4101 doi:10.1016/0165-4101(94)00382-f Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Reply . The American Economic Review. 1995, 85 (4): 997–999. JSTOR 2118249 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. The LeChatelier Principle. The American Economic Review. 1996a, 86 (1): 113–128. JSTOR 2118261 Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John. Coalition-Proofness and Correlation with Arbitrary Communication Possibilities. Games and Economic Behavior. 1996b, 17 (1): 173–179. doi:10.1006/game.1996.0096 Milgrom, Paul. Game theory and the spectrum auctions. European Economic Review. 1998, 42 (3–5): 771–778. ISSN 0014-2921 doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00146-3 Milgrom, Paul. Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simulteneous Ascending Auction . Journal of Political Economy. 2000, 108 (2): 245–272. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.195.7314 JSTOR 262118 S2CID 14242011 doi:10.1086/262118 Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul. Ascending Auctions with Package Bidding. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics. 2002, 1 (1). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.528.8990 ISSN 1534-5963 S2CID 1083684 doi:10.2202/1534-5963.1019 Milgrom, Paul; Segal, Ilya. Envelope Theorems for Arbitrary Choice Sets . Econometrica. 2002, 70 (2): 583–601. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.217.4736 JSTOR 2692283 SSRN 312251 doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00296 Milgrom, Paul. Putting Auction Theory to Work . Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-53672-1 Hatfield, John W.; Milgrom, Paul. Matching with Contracts . The American Economic Review. 2005, 95 (4): 913–935 [2022-05-30 ] . JSTOR 4132699 doi:10.1257/0002828054825466 原始内容 存档于2015-09-20）. Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Cramton, Peter; Milgrom, Paul. Cramton, Peter; Shoham, Yoav; Steinberg, Richard , 编. The Clock-Proxy Auction: A Practical Combinatorial Auction Design . In Combinatorial Auctions, Edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R. (MIT Press). 2006. ISBN 978-0-2620-3342-8doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.001.0001 Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul. Cramton, P.; Shoham, Y.; Steinberg, R. , 编. The Lovely but Lonely Vickrey Auction . In Combinatorial Auctions (MIT press). 2006a: 17 –40. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.120.7158 ISBN 9780262033428doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.003.0002 Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul. Cramton, P.; Shoham, Y.; Steinberg, R. , 编. Ascending Proxy Auctions. In Combinatorial Auctions. 2006b. Milgrom, Paul. Package Auctions and Exchanges . Econometrica. 2007, 75 (4): 935–965. JSTOR 4502017 doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00778.x Milgrom, Paul. What the Seller Won't Tell You: Persuasion and Disclosure in Markets . Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2008, 22 (2): 115–131. JSTOR 27648244 doi:10.1257/jep.22.2.115 Hall, Robert E.; Milgrom, Paul R. The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain . The American Economic Review. 2008, 98 (4): 1653–1674. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.6267 JSTOR 29730140 S2CID 18040832 doi:10.1257/aer.98.4.1653 Day, R.; Milgrom, Paul. Core-selecting package auctions. International Journal of Game Theory. 2008, 36 (3–4): 393–407. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.9950 S2CID 7593117 doi:10.1007/s00182-007-0100-7 Milgrom, Paul. Assignment Messages and Exchanges. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. 2009, 1 (2): 95–113. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.2981 doi:10.1257/mic.1.2.95 Milgrom, Paul; Bruno Strulovici. Substitute goods, auctions, and equilibrium. Journal of Economic Theory. 2009, 144 (1): 212–247. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.497.9686 doi:10.1016/j.jet.2008.05.002 Milgrom, Paul. Ascending Prices and Package Bidding: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. 2010, 2 (3): 160–185. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.727.4004 doi:10.1257/mic.2.3.160 Milgrom, Paul. Simplified mechanisms with an application to sponsored-search auctions. Games and Economic Behavior. 2010, 70 (1): 62–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.151.6989 SSRN 1022220 doi:10.1016/j.geb.2008.12.003 Levin, Jonathan; Milgrom, Paul. Online Advertising: Heterogeneity and Conflation in Market Design . American Economic Review. 2010, 100 (2): 603–607. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.727.1750 doi:10.1257/aer.100.2.603 Milgrom, Paul. Critical Issues in the Practice of Market Design. Economic Inquiry. 2011, 49 (2): 311–320. S2CID 153765277 doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00357.x Budish, E.; Che, Y.-K.; Kojima, F.; Milgrom, Paul. Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications . American Economic Review. 2013, 103 (2): 585–623. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.649.5582 doi:10.1257/aer.103.2.585
^ 10月14日译名发布 . 参考消息. 2020-10-14 [2020-10-19 ] . （原始内容存档 于2020-10-20） （中文（中国大陆）） .
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