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亞速海

亚速海
顿涅茨克州雅尔塔的海岸
坐标46°N 37°E / 46°N 37°E / 46; 37
类型
主要流入顿河库班河
最大长度360公里(220英里)[1]
最大宽度180公里(110英里)[1]
表面积39,000平方公里(15,000平方英里)[1]
平均深度7米(23英尺)[1]
最大深度14米(46英尺)[1]
水体体积290立方公里(240 × 106英畝·英尺)[1]
地图

亞速海烏克蘭語Азовське море羅馬化Azovske more克里米亞韃靼語Azaq deñizi;俄語:Азовское море羅馬化:Azovskoye more)是一個陸間海:西面有克里米亞半島,北面為烏克蘭而東面為俄羅斯。只有刻赤海峽黑海相連。

地理

長349公里、闊135公里,面積37,555平方公里。亞速海是大西洋水系之中最深入內陸的陸間海,以船隻從直布羅陀海峽進入起計,需要經過地中海馬摩拉海黑海三個陸間海才可進入亞速海,可以說是內陸的內陸了。事實上,它也是世界上最淺的海,平均深度只有13公尺,最深處僅15.3公尺,在塔甘羅格灣,水深甚至不足1公尺,西面有長達110公里名為阿拉巴特岬的沙洲和錫瓦什湖。主要的河流有頓河庫班河的匯入:這降低了海水的鹽度和帶來了沉積物

亞速海海流以逆時針方向運動,潮水高度不定,但最高可達5公尺。冬季大幅封凍。根據黑海沉降理論,形成於前5600年。在水下有新石器時代遺跡。古代希臘語和拉丁語分別稱為“ἡ Μαιῶτης λίμνη”和“Palus Maeotis”。

政治與人文

一般人認為亞速海的名字是來自於一為名為Azum或Asuf的欽察王子—他在1067年的一場城池保衛戰中被殺,但多數學者認為是來自城市亞速,這詞語在土耳其語是「低」的意思,旨在說明城市的地勢。[2]

沿海主要港口有別爾江斯克馬里烏波爾頓河畔羅斯托夫塔甘羅格葉伊斯克。有兩條人工運河分別連繫亞速海與裡海伏爾加河。本海也擁有重要的漁場和田。有記錄的魚類有80種,無脊椎動物有300種,但種類與數量都因污染與濫捕而減少。

2022年9月30日,俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵并吞乌克兰的四个卢甘斯克顿涅茨克扎波罗热赫尔松,至此亚速海事实上已经成为俄罗斯的内海,俄罗斯总统普京也提到了这一点。[3]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Kostianoy, p. 65
  2. ^ Andrey G. Kostianoy, Aleksey N. Kosarev (2007). The Black Sea Environment. Springer. ISBN 3-540-74291-3.
  3. ^ 普京:对乌军事行动漫长. 明声报. 明报新闻网. [2022-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-14). 

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