Dot pitch

Dot pitch (sometimes called line pitch, stripe pitch, or phosphor pitch) is a specification for a computer display, computer printer, image scanner, or other pixel-based devices that describe the distance, for example, between dots (sub-pixels) on a display screen.^[1]^[2] In the case of an RGB color display, the derived unit of pixel pitch is a measure of the size of a triad plus the distance between triads.

Dot pitch may be measured in linear units (with smaller numbers meaning higher resolution), usually millimeters (mm), or as a rate, for example, dots per inch (with a larger number meaning higher resolution).^[3] Closer spacing produces a sharper image (as there are more dots in a given area).^[4] However, other factors may affect image quality, including:

Undocumented or inadequately documented measurement method, complicated by ignorance of the existence of different methods
Confusion of pixels and subpixels
Element spacing varying across screen area (e.g., widening in corners compared to center)
Differing pixel geometries
Differing image and pixel aspect ratios
Miscellanea such as Kell factor or interlaced video

The exact difference between horizontal and diagonal dot pitch varies with the design of the monitor (see pixel geometry and widescreen), but a typical entry-level 0.28 mm (diagonal) monitor has a horizontal pitch of 0.24 or 0.25 mm, and a good quality 0.26 mm (diagonal) unit has a horizontal pitch of 0.22 mm.

The above dot pitch measurement does not apply to aperture grille displays. Such monitors use continuous vertical phosphor bands on the screen, so the vertical distance between scan lines is limited only by the video input signal's vertical resolution and the thickness of the electron beam, so there is no vertical 'dot pitch' on such devices. Aperture grille only has horizontal 'dot pitch', or otherwise known as 'stripe pitch'.

Common dot pitch sizes

Laptop and desktop LCDs
Display definition (—)	Area (Mpx)	Size (in)	Pitch (μm)	Resolution (ppi)
1024×768 (XGA)	0.78	15	297	085.5
1280×768 (WXGA)	0.98	15.4	262	096.9
1280×800 (WXGA)	1.01	15.4	259	098.0
1280×800 (WXGA)	1.01	17	286	088.8
1280×1024 (SXGA)	1.31	17	264	096.2
		18.1	280	090.7
		19	294	086.3
1440×900 (WXGA+)	1.29	15.4	230	110.4
		17	254	100.0
		19	285	089.1
1400×1050 (SXGA+)	1.51	15	214	118.6
1400×1050 (SXGA+)	1.51	20.1	292	087.0
1680×1050 (WSXGA+)	1.76	15.4	197	128.9
		17	218	116.5
		19	244	104.0
		20.1	258	098.4
		21	269	094.4
		22	282	090.0
1600×1200 (UXGA)	1.92	15	191	132.9
		20.1	255	099.6
		21.3	270	094.0
1920×1200 (WUXGA)	2.30	15.4	173	146.8
		17	191	132.9
		23	258	098.4
		24	270	094.0
		25.5	287	088.5
		27	303	083.8
2560×1440 (WQHD)	3.68	27	233	108.8
2560×1440 (WQHD)	3.68	32	273	093.0
2560×1600 (WQXGA)	4.09	30	250	101.6
3840×2400 (WQUXGA)	9.21	22.2	125	203.2

References

^ Scott Mueller (2004). Upgrading and Repairing PCs. Que Publishing. p. 849. ISBN 9780789729743.
^ Peter Norton; Scott H. Clark (2002). Peter Norton's New Inside the PC. Sams Publishing. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9780672322891.
^ Joseph A. Castellano (1992). Handbook of Display Technology. Elsevier Science. p. 21. ISBN 9780121634209.
^ K. L. James (2013). Computer hardware - Installation, Interfacing, Troubleshooting and Maintenance. PHI Learning. p. 135. ISBN 9788120347984.

External links

PPI calculator Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine – Shows dot pitch
Pixels Per Inch PPI Calculator – Determines the number of pixels per inch of your display
Megapixel Calculator – Identifies aspect ratio and displays photo and video storage requirements for different formats at a given megapixel number