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PPD-40冲锋枪

PPD衝鋒槍
ППД-34/38/40

上:PPD衝鋒槍的原型PPD-34,槍管套洞口呈六排且呈密集式,使用彈匣為槍枝供彈
下:PPD衝鋒槍的改良型PPD-34/38,槍管縮短減輕槍枝重量,槍管套洞口改呈四排且改呈長條式,並改使用彈鼓為槍枝供彈,可增加槍枝供彈量
类型冲锋枪
原产地 苏联
服役记录
服役期间1935—1941年(蘇聯)
使用方參見使用國
参与战争/衝突
生产历史
研发者瓦西里·捷格加廖夫
研发日期1934年
生产日期1934-1942年[1];於1940年產量最多
制造数量包括各種型號:大約90,000把
衍生型
基本规格
重量
长度788毫米(31.02英寸
槍管长度273毫米(10.75英吋)

子彈7.62×25毫米托卡列夫手槍子彈
口徑7.62毫米(.3英吋)
槍管1根,線膛,外圍受穿孔式氣冷隔熱罩所包覆,無槍口裝置
枪机
发射模式半自動英语Semi-automatic firearm全自動,可擊發調變
射速
槍口初速490米/秒(1,607.61英尺/秒
有效射程200公尺(218.72,656.16英尺[2]
供弹方式
瞄具機械瞄具:固定金屬照門準星
瞄準基線:244毫米(9.61英吋)

PPD(英語:Pistolet-Pulemyot Degtyaryova,俄語:Пистолет-пулемёт Дегтярёва,意為:捷格加廖夫手提式機槍)是一款由苏联在1934年的制造的7.62毫米口徑冲锋枪。該衝鋒槍先由初期型的PPD-34改進成為中期型的PPD-34/38和後期型的PPD-40,使用木製槍托開放式槍栓,使用者可以選擇射擊模式,發射7.62×25毫米托卡列夫手枪子彈

歷史

PPD-34/38
上:裝上25 發可拆卸式彈匣的PPD-34
下:裝上71 發可拆卸式彈鼓的PPD-34/38

這冲锋枪是由苏联的設計師瓦西里·捷格加廖夫,仿製德国MP18“伯格曼”MP28“伯格曼”冲锋枪。PPD所使用的7.62×25毫米托卡列夫手枪子彈則是參考毛瑟C96手枪發射的7.63×25毫米毛瑟彈。PPD可使用較為靈活的25發可拆卸式彈匣或容量較大的71發可拆卸式大型彈鼓供彈,該彈鼓仿製自芬兰M1931索密衝鋒槍[3]

1935年,PPD成為了第一枝於苏联红军之中服役的冲锋枪,[4]並且命名為PPD-34,雖然此時還不是大量生產型。生產問題並沒有得到解決,直到1937年;在1934年只生產了44枝,1935年更只生產了23枝;在1937年生產量才提高至1,291枝,隨後在1938年和1939年分別是1,115枝和1,700枝。[5]當時PPD被包括內務人民委員部(NKVD)的內部部隊以及邊防警衛的單位等採用。[6]一個鮮為人知的事實是,1939年,PPD已經完全退役,隨後的工廠訂單亦因国防工业人民委员部的指令而被迫取消;雖然由於瓦西里·捷格加廖夫斯大林有著良好的個人關係,並在兩人的親自干預以後,而令這個決定迅速扭轉。[5][7]1939年,蘇芬冬季战争期間,由於嚴重缺乏個人自動武器,甚至導致庫存中的费德洛夫M1916自动步枪重新投入服役。[8]

在1938年至1940年之間,PPD透過進一步修改後被命名為PPD-34/38和PPD-40,並引入了細微的變化,主要目的是使其更易於生產。大規模生產於1940年開始,該年生產了81,118枝。然而,大量生產PPD-40的勞動力和資源成本在經濟而言卻過於昂貴,大部份的金屬部件是以金属銑削英语Milling (machining)的方式製造製造。[5]由於PPD-40過於複雜和生產成本高昂,儘管於第二次世界大战初期曾經使用,但最終於1941年,它被更為優秀和便宜的PPSh-41所取代。[6]PPSh-41在蘇聯自動武器製造歷史上最偉大的創新轉化為大規模引進的衝壓式金屬部件,特別是機匣;PPSh-41還具有槍口上揚英语Muzzle rise補償器,使得其精度比PPD顯著提高。1941年,PPD只生產了5,868枝,相比以下PPSh-41卻生產了98,644枝,而在次年更生產了約1,500,000枝。[5]

被芬蘭軍隊所繳獲的PPD亦在冬季战争第二次世界大战继续战争)中被沿海部隊、國防民警衛隊和預備役所使用,並且納入庫存直到約1960年。而被德意志國防軍繳獲的PPD-34/38和PPD-40衝鋒槍則分別命名為MP.715(r)和MP.716(r)。

許多類似PPD的衝鋒槍也是由成千上萬的蘇聯游擊隊隊員當中的槍砲技工以半手工的方式所製造。這些槍支,即使延至1944年仍在生產,仍然使用銑削工藝製造,因為金屬衝壓需要在游擊隊所不可用的大型工業設施才能使用。沒有一個確切的數字能表示大約生產了多少枝,但至少存在著六支游擊隊的槍械技工各自生產其型號系列。其中之一是已知的已經在大約兩年之間產生了28枝這樣的衝鋒槍。[9]

使用國

在蘇聯電影中出現的蘇軍士兵手持PPD-40
波羅的海艦隊的水手與PPD-40(左、中)及PPSh-41(右)

非國家組織

  • 虎克军二戰和虎克军叛亂期間使用)
  • 西班牙共和軍(在西班牙內戰中使用PPD-34)

參見

資料來源

  1. ^ "В декабре 1942 г. из-за сложности конструкции ППД был снят с вооружения РККА и его производство было прекращено"
    КПСС и строительство советских вооруженных сил. (Коллектив авторов). 2е изд. М., Воениздат, 1967; стр.277
  2. ^ Modern Firearms - PPD-40. World.guns.ru. [2012-10-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-21). 
  3. ^ Chris Bishop. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2002: 260 [2013-07-19]. ISBN 978-1-58663-762-0. (原始内容存档于2014-06-27). 
  4. ^ Пистолет-пулемет Дегтярева ППД-34, RU, [August 25, 2008], (原始内容存档于2007-03-11) (俄语) 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 (俄文)Болотин, Давид. История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов. Полигон. 1995: 105–112. ISBN 5-85503-072-5. ;1936年的數字並沒有報告
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Degtyarov PPD-34, PPD-34/38 and PPD-40 submachine gun (USSR), World, RU: Guns, [2009-02-26], (原始内容存档于2008-04-08) 
  7. ^ Mikhail Kalashnikov. The Gun that Changed the World. Polity. 2006: 40 [2014-05-07]. ISBN 978-0-7456-3692-4. (原始内容存档于2014-01-05). 
  8. ^ Monetchikov, Sergei. История русского автомата [The History of Russian Assault Rifle]. St. Petersburg: Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps. 2005: 18–19. ISBN 5-98655-006-4 (俄语). 
  9. ^ Сергей Плотников, "Партизанские Самоделки", Оружие 2000/4, pp. 46-51
  10. ^ Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S (编). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 35th. Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. January 27, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. 
  11. ^ Machinepistols part 2, Finnish Army ARMY 1918–1945, Jaegerplatoon, [2011-04-26], (原始内容存档于2011-04-19) 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 McNab, Chris. 20th Century Military Uniforms 2nd. Kent: Grange Books. 2002. ISBN 1-84013-476-3. 
  13. ^ Modern Firearms – PPD-40, World, RU: Guns, 2011-01-24 [2011-04-26], (原始内容存档于2016-09-21) 

參考文獻

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